{"id":6432,"date":"2021-01-22T10:18:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=6432"},"modified":"2021-01-22T10:23:32","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:23:32","slug":"kutadgu-biligde-uclemeler-dortlemeler-ve-beslemeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=6432","title":{"rendered":"Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7lemeler, d\u00f6rtlemeler ve be\u015flemeler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/yusup.jpg\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fatma Sibel BAYRAKTAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>11. yy T\u00fcrk tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan asker\u00ee ve siyasal geli\u015fmelerin ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu kadar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelerle de g\u00f6z doldurmaktad\u0131r. Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t T\u00fcrk&#8217;le \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f olan Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 ba\u015fyap\u0131t, bu d\u00f6nemde Ka\u015fgar\u2019da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1069-1070) Yusuf Has Hacip, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kabul\u00fcnden sonra kaleme al\u0131nan bu ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 eseri, 11.yy.\u0131n bildi\u011fimiz tek yaz\u0131 dili olan Karahanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile 6645 beyit olarak yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserde ideal bir devletin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi betimlenir. Kutadgu Bilig, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yarg\u0131 ve yasa konular\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan en de\u011ferli kaynaklardan biridir. Bu y\u00fczden bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nca tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 1825&#8217;den beri, \u00fczerinde binlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kutadgu Bilig, felsefi, siyasi, din\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131lardan incelendi\u011fi gibi dili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da her daim incelenmeye de\u011fer bulunan bir eser olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde hem ahenk sa\u011flamak, anlam\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve kavram\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla hem de haf\u0131zada kalmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli tekrarlardan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131cada \u201catf-\u0131 tefsir\u020b\u201d, \u0130ngilizcede \u201chendiadyoin, reduplication dual\u201d, Almancada \u201cVerdoppelung, Zwilligsformen, hendiadyoin\u201d, Frans\u0131zcada \u201credoublement, hendiadyoin\u201d terimleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lanan bu olu\u015fumla ilgili \u00fclkemizde hem tarihi metinler \u00fczerinde hem de deyimler ve atas\u00f6zleri \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk metinlerinde \u201caltun k\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u201d (alt\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f), \u201cark\u0131\u015f tirki\u015f\u201d (kervan kafile), \u201cat k\u00fc\u201d (ad \u00fcn), \u201ckurt ko\u014buz\u201d (b\u00f6rt\u00fc b\u00f6cek), \u201cyab\u0131z yablak\u201d ( sefil ve peri\u015fan) vb. bir\u00e7ok ikilemeye rastlamaktay\u0131z. Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metinlerinde de \u201cakuru akuru\u201d (yava\u015f\u00e7a, sessizce), \u201casan t\u00fckel\u201d (sa\u011f ve selamet) \u201cbirin birin\u201d (birer birer) gibi \u00f6rnekler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn de deyimlerde \u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131, bor\u00e7 har\u00e7, k\u00f6\u015fe bucak, pald\u0131r k\u00fcld\u00fcr\u201d gibi say\u0131s\u0131z ikileme kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir. Karahanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin iki ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131ndan biri olan bu eserde de hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ikilemeye rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t T\u00fcrk&#8217;ten farkl\u0131 olarak, tabiat taklidi ikilemelere rastlanmaz. Kal\u0131pla\u015fma yoluyla olu\u015fan ve tek bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6ren ikilemeler b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. Eserde son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan ikilemeler yan\u0131nda ikilemelerde ge\u00e7en s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin geni\u015fletilmeleri yoluyla \u00fc\u00e7lemeler, d\u00f6rtlemeler hatta be\u015flemelerle de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kilemelerden art\u0131r\u0131larak elde edilen bu yap\u0131lar ikilemeler kadar kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu eserde ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, bir t\u00fcr yazar\u0131n kendisini denemesi gibi de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7leme ve d\u00f6rtlemelerde de ikilemelerde oldu\u011fu gibi tabiat taklidi kelimeler kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f e\u015f veya yak\u0131n anlaml\u0131 kelimelerin veya anlam dairesi i\u00e7inde e\u015f de\u011ferlili\u011fi olan kelimelerin belirli bir akustik tercih s\u0131ras\u0131yla bir araya getirilmesi tercih edilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131ralama da ikilemelerde oldu\u011fu kadar sa\u011flam de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7lemelerdeki s\u0131ralaman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek de\u011fi\u015fik beyitlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n<p>Kerime \u00dcst\u00fcnova, bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde 445 \u00fc\u00e7leme; ayr\u0131ca Dede Korkut Destanlar\u0131\u2019nda da 45 \u00fc\u00e7leme belirlemi\u015ftir. Biz de isimlerle kullan\u0131lan 43 ve fiillerle kullan\u0131lan 16 \u00fc\u00e7leme tespit ettik. Anla\u015f\u0131lan o ki; ikilemeler ve artanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 hem tarih\u00ee leh\u00e7elerde hem de tarih\u00ee edeb\u00ee eserlerde kullan\u0131lan ve geli\u015fim seyri g\u00f6steren bir olgudur. Daha \u00e7ok isim soylu kelimelerle yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7oklu tekrarlar; yal\u0131n, t\u00fcremi\u015f, h\u00e2l ekleri alm\u0131\u015f formlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Somut, soyut isimler, siyaset, askerlik, akrabal\u0131k adlar\u0131, tabiat ve renk adlar\u0131, madenler isim soylu tekrarlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlard\u0131r. \u0130kilemelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen z\u0131t anlaml\u0131 tekrarlar, \u00fc\u00e7leme ve d\u00f6rtlemelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Buna mant\u0131ken de imk\u00e2n yoktur. E\u015f anlaml\u0131 tekrarlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7lemeler ve d\u00f6rtlemeler daha az say\u0131da olmak kayd\u0131yla fillerle de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fiillerle olu\u015fturulan yap\u0131lar\u0131n istek ve tasarlama kipleri ile kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda s\u0131fat fiil kurulu\u015fundaki yap\u0131lar, edatl\u0131 ve ba\u011fla\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Be\u015flemelerin genellikle beytin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsamalar\u0131 ve c\u00fcmle kurulu\u015funda olu\u015flar\u0131 yad\u0131rganmaz.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong> Anahtar S\u00f6zc\u00fckler:<\/strong><\/span> Ahenk, tekrar, ikileme, \u00fc\u00e7leme, d\u00f6rtleme.<\/p>\n<p>Makalenin tamam\u0131na eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen linki t\u0131klay\u0131n: <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/KUTADGU-BILIGDE-UCLEMELER-DORTLEMELER-VE-BESLEMELER.pdf\">Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7lemeler, d\u00f6rtlemeler ve be\u015flemeler<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fatma Sibel BAYRAKTAR \u00d6zet 11. yy T\u00fcrk tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan asker\u00ee ve siyasal geli\u015fmelerin ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu kadar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelerle de g\u00f6z doldurmaktad\u0131r. Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t T\u00fcrk&#8217;le \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f olan Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 ba\u015fyap\u0131t, bu d\u00f6nemde Ka\u015fgar\u2019da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1069-1070) Yusuf Has Hacip, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kabul\u00fcnden sonra kaleme al\u0131nan bu ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 eseri, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-kimligi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6432"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6440,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432\/revisions\/6440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}