{"id":4250,"date":"2020-07-21T10:50:05","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T07:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4250"},"modified":"2020-07-21T10:50:05","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T07:50:05","slug":"mogol-donemi-iraninda-uygur-kokenli-bir-vali-korgoz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4250","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u011fol D\u00f6nemi \u0130ran\u0131\u2019nda Uygur K\u00f6kenli Bir Vali: K\u00f6rg\u00f6z"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zkan DAYI\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zg\u00fcr TOKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cengiz Han; asker\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 neticesinde Tay\u00e7iutlar, Naymanlar, Kereyitler, Tatarlar, Uygurlar, Karluklar ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol k\u00fctlelerini de egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alarak 13. Asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurmu\u015f yetenekli bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131. O, imparatorlu\u011funu daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak ve daha iyi idare etmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme yapm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok tedbir alm\u0131\u015f ve bu do\u011frultuda da bilhassa idar\u00ee ve asker\u00ee alanda tecr\u00fcbeli olan T\u00fcrk men\u015feli bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiye devlet kademelerinde g\u00f6rev vermi\u015fti. Durum bu minval \u00fczere Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131llar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda da devam etti. \u00d6gedey zaman\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Uygur asker\u00ee ya da sivil devlet adam\u0131, imparatorluk nezdinde \u00e7e\u015fitli kademelerde yer ald\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bunlardan birisi de K\u00f6rg\u00f6z idi. Cengiz Han \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki T\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrk devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n imparatorlu\u011fun y\u00fccelmesinde, idare edilmesinde ne derece \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi malumdur.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/span><\/strong> K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Cengiz Han, Mo\u011follar, Uygurlar.<\/p>\n

1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Orta Asya, T\u00fcrk tarihi denilince akla gelebilecek en \u00f6nemli co\u011frafyalardan birsidir. T\u00fcrkler merkezi bu co\u011frafyada olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok devlet ve imparatorluk kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlara Asya Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, I. ve II. K\u00f6k-T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bu devletlerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc zamanlar\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk k\u00fctlesine (Uygurlar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar vs.) ek olarak efsanelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk hakan\u0131 O\u011fuz ile kan akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011funa dair i\u015faretler yer alan
\nMo\u011follar (Muvallar),i genellikle proto-Tunguz olarak g\u00f6sterilen ve Man\u00e7urya dolaylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Tung-hular, men\u015fei ger\u00e7ekten halen daha a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f olan Kitanlar (Kitatlar) gibi bir\u00e7ok kavim, tek bir bayrak alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Kafeso\u011flu, 2005: 60-67, 94-108). Bununla birlikte zaman zaman Mo\u011follar\u0131n da s\u00f6z konusu co\u011frafyada \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, liderli\u011fi ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemler olmu\u015ftur. Cengiz Han d\u00f6nemi (1196-1227), bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Onun kurdu\u011fu imparatorlu\u011fun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, merkez Karakurum olmak \u00fczere, bu d\u00f6nemde bir taraftan 1212-1214 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015flardan sonra \u00c7in sahas\u0131na, di\u011fer taraftan 1220\u2019lerden sonra Mavera\u00fcnnehir ve Horasan b\u00f6lgesine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Gizli Tarih, 2010: 69 vd.). \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun bu denli geni\u015f co\u011frafyalarda ayakta kalabilmesinin en \u00f6nemli sebepleri aras\u0131nda; asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcne ek olarak Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n disiplin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, yasaklar\u0131ii ve yine onun taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli men\u015feden, bu arada da Uygur k\u00f6kenli Tata Tongaiii gibi tecr\u00fcbeli T\u00fcrk devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n muhtelif makamlarda g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi sebepler g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Cengiz Han\u2019a k\u0131yasla m\u00fcsrif oldu\u011fu ya da Cengiz Han kadar dirayetli bir devlet adam\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilse de \u00d6gedey Kaan iv zaman\u0131nda da (1229-1241) imparatorluk g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc muhafaza etmi\u015f ve geni\u015flemeye devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6gedey zaman\u0131ndaki seferlerle imparatorlu\u011fun hakimiyet sahas\u0131; do\u011fuda \u00c7in ve Kore dolaylar\u0131nda geni\u015flerken bat\u0131da da bir
\nyandan Suriye b\u00f6lgesine ve Anadolu kap\u0131lar\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer yandan da 1240\u2019larda Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden Avrupa i\u00e7lerine kadar geni\u015flemi\u015ftir (Roux, 2001: 197-251). \u00d6gedey zaman\u0131ndaki bu ba\u015far\u0131da da onun, babas\u0131 zaman\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli men\u015feden devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revinde tutmas\u0131v ve buna ilaveten devlet kademelerinde \u00f6zellikle asker\u00ee ve idar\u00ee alanda kabiliyetli olan d\u00fcr\u00fcst devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmesinin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015ftur. Uygur
\nk\u00f6kenli bir T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu bilinen K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn de babas\u0131n\u0131n yasalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n bu do\u011frultuda Horasan-\u0130ran dolaylar\u0131n\u0131n idaresinde g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi bir devlet adam\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kendisine muhalefet eden di\u011fer devlet adamlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00d6gedey\u2019in kurdurdu\u011fu bir mahkemede (yarguda)vi yarg\u0131lanan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, neticede hakl\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgeye vali naibi olarak tayin edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6revde bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcrede ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en co\u011frafyada adaleti sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 elde eden, Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n yasalar\u0131na uymay\u0131p gayri resmi yollarla vergi toplayan devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fczenledi\u011fi yeni vergi sistemi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yola getirerek imparatorlu\u011fa lay\u0131k\u0131yla hizmet etmi\u015ftir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma da i\u015fte bu devlet adam\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131, devlet kademelerinde elde etti\u011fi g\u00f6revlerini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartmak maksad\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma genel hatlar\u0131yla K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn valili\u011fi ve \u00f6ncesindeki hayat\u0131, devlet g\u00f6revleri ve devlet kademelerini nas\u0131l t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u0131rada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. K\u00d6RG\u00d6Z\u2019\u00dcN GEN\u00c7L\u0130K YILLARI VE \u0130RAN VAL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u00d6NCES\u0130NDEK\u0130 G\u00d6REVLER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. 1. Cengiz Han, Batu Han ve Cuci\u2019nin Hizmetinde Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6revler<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olan T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlara Azerbaycan taraflar\u0131nda, Mugan ovas\u0131 merkezli olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol ordular\u0131n\u0131 idare eden Curma\u011fun Noyan\u2019\u0131n komutanlar\u0131 olan Min\u0130gemi\u015f ve Melik\u015fah gibi asker\u00ee g\u00f6revlilervii ile daha \u00f6nce Nayman han\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere adliye naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tamgac\u0131l\u0131k (m\u00fch\u00fcrdarl\u0131k) viii g\u00f6revlerinde bulunup sonradan Cengiz Han
\ntaraf\u0131ndan, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla hem ayn\u0131 yetkilerle hem de Mo\u011fol \u015fehzadelerine Uygur dili ile kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f Tata Tonga (Uygur k\u00f6kenli) ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Valilik yapm\u0131\u015f Mahm\u00fbd Yalava\u00e7ix gibi sivil idareciler \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z de Tata Tonga gibi bir Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00fc idi. Do\u011fumu ve \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131 ile ilgili kaynaklarda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir bilgiye tesad\u00fcf edemedik. Bununla birlikte Uygur T\u00fcrklerinden oldu\u011fu ve gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n soyundan gelen \u015fehz\u00e2delere Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, daha sonra Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n torunlar\u0131ndan Batu\u2019nun kararg\u00e2h\u0131ndaki emirlerden birinin hizmetine girmi\u015f ve bir s\u00fcre seyis olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7erisinde yetenekleriyle \u00f6n plan \u00e7\u0131kan bu devlet adam\u0131, Batu\u2019nun nezdinde ve ismi kaynaklarda pek zikredilmeyen s\u00f6z konusu emirin himayesinde, seyislikten terfi etmi\u015f ve memurluk elde etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn hizmetinde bulundu\u011fu emir, Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Cuci\u2019nin (Tu\u015fi) \u00f6nderli\u011finde d\u00fczenlenen bir av partisine giderken, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc de yan\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Av yerinde Cengiz Han\u2019dan i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bilgiler, emirler bulunan bir yarl\u0131g gelmi\u015f, o s\u0131rada yarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 okuyabilecek k\u00e2tiplerden hi\u00e7biri orada olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in orada bulunanlardan hangisinin bu i\u015fi yapabilece\u011fi soruldu\u011funda K\u00f6rg\u00f6z tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Cuci\u2019nin yan\u0131na getirilmi\u015f ve onun
\nhuzurunda yarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir seyisten beklenilmeyecek derecede sayg\u0131 kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, edeb\u00ee bir dille okumu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine onun iyi yeti\u015fmi\u015f biri oldu\u011funu anlayan Cuci, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e k\u00e2tiplik g\u00f6revi vermi\u015ftir (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 225-227; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 167).<\/p>\n

2.2. Horasan Valileri Cin Timur ile Nosal Hizmetinde Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6revler ve \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan ile \u0130lk Temaslar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131sa zamanda \u015f\u00f6hrete kavu\u015fan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, devlet kademelerini bir bir t\u0131rman\u0131yordu. Mo\u011fol \u015fehz\u00e2delerini e\u011fitmek i\u00e7in de g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olan bu Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc; Mo\u011fol devlet adamlar\u0131ndan Cin Timurx Urgenc baskak\u0131xi olarak tayin edildi\u011fi s\u0131ralarda, onun gibi baskak\u0131l\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. Aradan bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra da Cin Timur\u2019un yan\u0131nda haciplik ve n\u00e2iblik g\u00f6revine tayin edilmi\u015ftir (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 225-227; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II,
\n167). Cin Timur\u2019un Horasan valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bah\u00e2edd\u00een C\u00fcveyn\u00ee ile bu s\u0131rada yine haciblik g\u00f6revinde bulunan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn Horasan ve civar\u0131n\u0131n ahvalini \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019a arz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz (\u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 166; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1390 h\u015f: b., 195-196). Bu durum da ger\u00e7ekten Cin Timur\u2019un ona ne kadar g\u00fcvendi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cin Timur\u2019un K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc haberci olarak \u00d6gedey Kaan\u2019a g\u00f6ndermesi, belki de onun hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli olay olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6gedey\u2019in nezdine geldi\u011finde, ka\u011fan ona baz\u0131 sorular y\u00f6neltmi\u015f ve onun sorulara verdi\u011fi cevaplar, ka\u011fan\u0131n ve orada bulunan devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ho\u015funa gitmi\u015ftir. O s\u0131rada \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n huzurunda bulunan, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z gibi Uygur as\u0131ll\u0131 olan saray m\u00fc\u015favirlerinden Cinkay da K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc \u00f6ven s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yleyince, \u00d6gedey, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc bir\u00e7ok
\niltifatla geri g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 227-228). B\u00f6ylece K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn, \u00d6gedey Kaan\u2019\u0131n saray\u0131nda n\u00fcfuz sahibi olan Cinkay\u2019\u0131n himayesine girdi\u011fi de anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Rezev\u00ee, 1388 h\u015f: 84; Barthold, 1990: 510; Grousset, 1980: 335).<\/p>\n

Cin Timur\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle onun yerine, devlet m\u00fc\u015favirlerinden Nosal xii tayin edilmi\u015f (M\u00eerh\u00e2nd, 1339 h\u015f: V, 186), Melik Bah\u00e2edd\u00een\u2019in \u00d6gedey\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ferman\u0131 getirmesine kadar K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Nosal\u2019\u0131n hizmetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu fermanda, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn saraya giderek Horasan\u2019\u0131n durumunu ka\u011fana rapor etmesi isteniyordu. Fakat Nosal ve yan\u0131ndaki devlet adamlar\u0131ndan K\u00fcl Bolat, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn oraya giderse kendi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kanunsuz i\u015fleri ka\u011fana anlatabilece\u011fi ihtimali ile endi\u015felenerek onun saraya gitmesini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n K\u00f6rg\u00f6z de
\nsaraya gitmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O s\u0131rada K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Bah\u00e2edd\u00een Muhammed\u2019i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak ona; \u201cDevlet ku\u015fa benzer. Kimse onun hangi dala konaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemez. Bu konu da ben yine de elimden geleni yapaca\u011f\u0131m, bakal\u0131m felek ne g\u00f6sterir.\u201d diyerek, bu konudaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ka\u011fan\u0131n huzuruna vard\u0131klar\u0131nda Horasan ve M\u00e2zender\u00e2n b\u00f6lgelerinin vergisinden, ne kadar toplanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, halk\u0131n vergi bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ve o b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusundan s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu konuda yap\u0131lan hatalar ve ihmaller dile getirilmi\u015ftir (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 228-229; M\u00fcstevf\u00ee, 1387 h\u015f: 584; Ben\u00e2ket\u00ee, 1348 h\u015f: 390; D\u2019ohsson, 2006: 220). Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla bu esnada K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bilgisi \u00d6gedey\u2019in ho\u015funa gitmi\u015ftir ki, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da anlat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00d6gedey, muhaliflerin aksine, kendisine K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn \u0130ran-Horasan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n idaresinde g\u00f6revlendirilmesini tavsiye eden devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla dikkate
\nalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. K\u00d6RG\u00d6Z\u2019\u00dcN \u0130RAN VAL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1. \u00d6gedey\u2019in Ferman\u0131 ve Vali Olarak Tayin Edilmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00fc Cinkay; K\u00f6rg\u00f6z hen\u00fcz \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n nezdinde iken, ka\u011fan kat\u0131ndaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de dikkate alarak, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn vefat etmi\u015f bulunan Cin Timur yerine Horasan ve \u0130ran\u2019da g\u00f6revlendirilmesini istemi\u015f ve bu y\u00f6nde ka\u011fana \u00f6neride bulunmu\u015ftur. Ancak Dani\u015fmend Hacib de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00d6gedey\u2019in adamlar\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi, y\u00f6netimin Cin Timur\u2019un o\u011fluna b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015flerdir. Bir g\u00fcn ka\u011fan\u0131n huzurunda Cinkay\u2019\u0131n, \u201cHorasan b\u00fcy\u00fckleri K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc
\nistiyorlar.\u201d demesi \u00fczerine \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan, \u201cDevletin hissesine d\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcn ve vergiyi toplamak, b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusunu saymak i\u00e7in K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7ici olarak tam yetkiyle g\u00f6revlendiriyorum. E\u011fer verilen g\u00f6revi hakk\u0131yla yerine getirebilirse, o zaman gerekeni yapar\u0131z.\u201d \u015feklinde bir yarl\u0131g yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015f, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z bu y\u00f6nde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan ferman\u0131 al\u0131nca ba\u015fkentten ayr\u0131larak h\u0131zla Horasan ve M\u00e2zender\u00e2n b\u00f6lgesine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan Rum s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar Horasan ve \u0130ran b\u00f6lgesinin idaresiyle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f oluyordu(C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 228-229; M\u00fcstevf\u00ee, 1387 h\u015f: 584; Ben\u00e2ket\u00ee, 1348 h\u015f: 390; D\u2019ohsson, 2006: 220). Seyislikle i\u015fe ba\u015flayan ve akabinde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ve k\u00e2tiplik makam\u0131na terfi eden K\u00f6rg\u00f6z; daha sonra Cin Timur\u2019un yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve en sonunda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u00d6gedey\u2019in emriyle Horasan\u2019\u0131n idar\u00ee i\u015flerinde g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti. K\u0131sacas\u0131 devlet makamlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde bir bir t\u0131rmanarak en \u00fcst makamlarda kendine yer bulabilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Cin Timur\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilmesi, K\u00fcl Bolat ve Nosal\u2019\u0131n ho\u015funa gitmemi\u015ftir. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ba\u015fkentten geri gelince ferman\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn yetkileri \u00fczerinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 224-225; M\u00eerh\u00e2nd, 1339 h\u015f: V, 186; Re\u015fid\u00fcdd\u00een, 1374 h\u015f: 484). K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn valili\u011fi, Cin Timur ve Nosal\u2019\u0131n valiliklerinden farkl\u0131 olarak Horasan\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktayd\u0131. Buna ilaveten d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn idare
\nsahas\u0131n\u0131n, Horasan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru geni\u015fledi\u011fini de g\u00f6rmekteyiz (Rezev\u00ee, 1388 h\u015f: 76).<\/p>\n

D\u2019ohsson\u2019a g\u00f6re; \u00c7in b\u00f6lgesi ya da \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu idar\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bunlardan birincisi; \u0130li \u00e7ay\u0131 ve Ceyhun nehri aras\u0131nda kalan memleketler olup bu memleketler i\u00e7erisinde Uyguristan, Hoten, Ka\u015fgar, Almal\u0131k, Kayal\u0131k, Semerkand ve Buhara yer al\u0131yordu. \u0130kincisi ise; Ceyhun nehrinin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Diy\u00e2r-\u0131 Bekr\u2019e ve Rum hududuna kadar dayan\u0131yordu ki i\u015fte bu bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 K\u00f6rg\u00f6z idare etmekteydi (D\u2019ohsson, 2006: 183). Bu bilgilerden anlamaktay\u0131z ki; Mo\u011fol \u00fclkesi idar\u00ee olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sma taksim edilmi\u015f bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u0130lki \u00c7in \u00fclkelerini kapsayan do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ikincisi; Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 Ceyhun nehrine kadar kapsayan T\u00fcrk co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise; Ceyhun nehrinin bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalan, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Do\u011fu Roma, Abb\u00e2s\u00ee hilafeti ve Meml\u00fbk co\u011frafyas\u0131na kadar uzanan b\u00f6lge idi. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, Mo\u011follar bu b\u00fcy\u00fck co\u011frafyay\u0131 ve yeni topraklar\u0131 idar\u00ee olarak taksim etmeden y\u00f6netemeyeceklerini kavrayacaklard\u0131r. Bu taksimatta devletin merkezi konumundaki b\u00f6lge ve co\u011fraf\u00ee unsurlar da belirleyici olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.2. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e Kar\u015f\u0131 Olu\u015fan Muhalefet ve K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn Muhaliflere Kar\u015f\u0131 Verdi\u011fi M\u00fccadele<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn seyislikten \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fc\u015favirlerinden olan Cinkay\u2019\u0131n himayesine girecek kadar y\u00fckselmesi ve do\u011frudan ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmesi; g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyada, yani Horasan ve \u0130ran b\u00f6lgesinde onunla beraber asker\u00ee ya da idar\u00ee g\u00f6revlerde bulunan di\u011fer Mo\u011fol devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu arada hanedan \u00fcyesi Batu Han\u2019\u0131n K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 muhalif olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, B\u00fcy\u00fck Han \u00d6gedey\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkiyle, daha \u00f6nceden gayri resmi yollarla mal\u0131na mal katan Mo\u011fol Noyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fine gelmiyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ferman\u0131 ile K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, k\u00e2tiplerini ve memurlar\u0131n\u0131 ikametg\u00e2h\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak y\u00f6netim i\u015flerini eline alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nosal, bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e muhalefet edemeyecek bir durumdayd\u0131. Fakat K\u00fcl Bolat, onun aksine bilgili ve tecr\u00fcbeli bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e muhalif olan K\u00fcl Bolat ve di\u011fer devlet adamlar\u0131, y\u00f6netim i\u015flerinde K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e m\u00fcdahale ettikleri her an K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, ka\u011fan\u0131n ferman\u0131n\u0131 onlara hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor ve i\u015flerine kimsenin kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. O, k\u0131sa zamanda Horasan\u2019\u0131n ve M\u00e2zender\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n i\u015flerini yoluna koymu\u015f,
\nn\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate alarak vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden belirlemi\u015fti. Bu arada Cin Timur\u2019un yak\u0131nlar\u0131 bir araya gelerek Cin Timur\u2019un yerine o\u011flu Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un asaleten tayin edilmesi konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in Edg\u00fc Timur ve Tonguz\u2019u, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktayd\u0131lar. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, baz\u0131 kimselerin kendisini \u015fik\u00e2yet etmek i\u00e7in saraya gitti\u011fini duyunca hemen haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flay\u0131p yola \u00e7\u0131karken kendisine vekil olarak S\u00e2h\u00eeb-i D\u00eev\u00e2n Bah\u00e2edd\u00een Muhammed\u2019ixiii b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 229-231; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 168; P\u00eerniy\u00e2,
\n1360 h\u015f: 689). K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, b\u00f6ylece valilik d\u00f6neminde muhaliflere kar\u015f\u0131 ilk m\u00fccadelelerini vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Edg\u00fc Timur, Horasan valisi Cin Timur\u2019un o\u011flu olup babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine onun yerine ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu u\u011furda K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ile m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00d6gedey Han, meseleyi K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn lehine halletmi\u015f; ancak birbirleri ile kavgal\u0131 olan bu iki devlet adam\u0131n\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mecbur etmi\u015f ise de onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bir uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nihayetinde Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un K\u00f6rg\u00f6z aleyhine \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek ve bu
\nikisi aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bir neticeye ba\u011flamak \u00fczere ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan iki devlet adam\u0131, Cinkay ile Taynal hakem tayin edilmi\u015f ve yap\u0131lan mahkeme sonras\u0131nda K\u00f6rg\u00f6z hakl\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur (M\u00eerh\u00e2nd, 1339 h\u015f: V, 186-187; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 168-169; Yuval\u0131, 1994:126).<\/p>\n

Mahkemede (Yarguda) her ne kadar K\u00f6rg\u00f6z hakl\u0131 bulunmu\u015fsa da dava birka\u00e7 ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve sonradan \u00d6gedey\u2019in emriyle K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ile Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un bir s\u00fcre ayn\u0131 oday\u0131 payla\u015fmalar\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir, fakat bunun da faydas\u0131 olmay\u0131nca ka\u011fan, bizzat yarg\u0131da bulunarak onlara sorular y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131 sonucunda ka\u011fan, \u201cSizi \u015fimdi K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn emrine veriyorum. Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015fledi\u011finiz su\u00e7lar\u0131n cezas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Fakat uzak yerlerden geldi\u011finiz ve \u00e7oluk, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z sizi evde bekledikleri i\u00e7in bu defa can\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131yorum.\u201d dedikten sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e de onlar\u0131 affetti\u011fini, onlara bir \u015fey yaparsa bunu hayat\u0131yla \u00f6deyece\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu yarg\u0131dan sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, rahatlam\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra \u00d6gedey, Curmagun xiv taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmi\u015f olan Ceyhun nehrinin bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimini de bir yarl\u0131gxv ve payzaxvi ile K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e vermi\u015ftir (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 224-225; Re\u015fid\u00fcdd\u00een, 1374 h\u015f: 485). B\u00f6ylece K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn eli muhalifler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kuvvetlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan yarl\u0131g kendisine okunduktan sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, o\u011flunu ve d\u00eev\u00e2ndaki k\u00e2tiplerini Irak, Arr\u00e2n ve Azerbaycan\u2019a g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Liy\u00e2kati ve i\u015f bilirli\u011fi sebebiyle baz\u0131 devlet i\u015flerini Niz\u00e2medd\u00een \u015e\u00e2h\u2019a vermi\u015ftir. Bu yeni heyet; Irak ve Azerbaycan \u00fclkesine var\u0131nca Curmagun\u2019un emirleriyle m\u00fccadele ederek, oradaki vil\u00e2yetleri onlar\u0131n elinden kurtarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca heyet, vergilerin ne kadar olaca\u011f\u0131 ve ne \u015fekilde toplanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi hususlara yeni
\nd\u00fczenlemeler getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vil\u00e2yetlerdeki Noyanlar, kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde toplanan vergilerden \u00e7ok az\u0131n\u0131 d\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131n pay\u0131 olarak ay\u0131r\u0131yor, geri kalan\u0131 ise kendi varl\u0131klar\u0131na dahil ediyorlard\u0131. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi devlet adamlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye geldikten sonra yeni d\u00fczenlemeleri de dikkate alarak, Noyanlar\u0131n gayr-i resmi yollarla ve haks\u0131z olarak toplad\u0131klar\u0131 vergiler ile mallar\u0131 onlar\u0131n elinden alm\u0131\u015f, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn kendisi ise b\u00f6lgede hakimiyetini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdikten ve kontrol\u00fc ele ald\u0131ktan sonra merkez olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tus vilayetinin imar\u0131yla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 237-238.)<\/p>\n

K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn valili\u011fi zaman\u0131nda Nosal, K\u00fcl Bolat, Edg\u00fc Timur ve \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda aktif olarak siyas\u00ee, mal\u00ee ve idar\u00ee hayata m\u00fcdahale ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7eki\u015fmeli durum, sadece devlet adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda co\u011frafyadaki halk aras\u0131nda da huzursuzlu\u011fa sebep olmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca huzursuzlu\u011fun tek sebebi siyas\u00ee \u00e7eki\u015fme de de\u011fildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde vergi konusu da belirsizli\u011fini h\u00e2l\u00e2 korumakta idi. Mo\u011fol \u015fehz\u00e2deleri, valileri ve noyanlar\u0131 bu belirsizlikten de istifade ederek kendi iradeleri d\u00e2hilinde, gayri resm\u00ee olarak vergi toplamakta, kendilerine g\u00f6re vergi uygulamalar\u0131 denemekteydiler.<\/p>\n

Dava sonras\u0131nda K\u00f6rg\u00f6z evine var\u0131nca, K\u00fcl Bolat, Edg\u00fc Timur, Nosal ve di\u011fer Mo\u011fol emirleri, yanlar\u0131na adam toplay\u0131p K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn evinde bulunan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 zorla oradan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p kendi ik\u00e2metg\u00e2hlar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek sorguya \u00e7ektiler. Daha sonra ba\u015fkentten haberciler gelerek K\u00f6rg\u00f6z hakk\u0131ndaki soru\u015fturmaya son verilmesi ve orada bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn melik ve emirlerin ba\u015fkente gelmesi konusundaki ka\u011fan\u0131n ferman\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdi. Bu ferman \u00fczerine devlet
\nmemurlar\u0131 Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un evinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn evine gitmek istemi\u015fler ve bunun \u00fczerine Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un adamlar\u0131 onlar\u0131 sopayla d\u00f6verek K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn evine g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu olay \u00fczerine k\u00e2tipler, iki taraf aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ise, Kaan\u2019\u0131n ferman\u0131yla ba\u015fkente gitmi\u015fti (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 231; Re\u015fid\u00fcdd\u00een, 1374 h\u015f: 484-485).<\/p>\n

Cin Timur \u00f6l\u00fcp yerine Nosal ge\u00e7ti\u011finde Cin Timur\u2019un ulu\u011f bitik\u00e7isi olan \u015eerefedd\u00een, Batu\u2019ya giderek, \u00f6nceki i\u015fine devam etmesi konusunda yarl\u0131g alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eerefedd\u00een, Cin Timur\u2019un o\u011flu Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un babas\u0131n\u0131n makam\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi i\u00e7in K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z aleyhinde raporlar haz\u0131rlay\u0131p ba\u015fkente g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra \u015eerefedd\u00een, \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019den yana oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131nca, el alt\u0131ndan te\u015fvik etti\u011fi Edg\u00fc Timur
\naleyhinde hareket etmi\u015ftir. Edg\u00fc Timur\u2019un adamlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman onlardan biri, \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e vermi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece muhaliflerin gizlice \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in s\u00f6zleriyle de k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durumu, Cinkay vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frenen \u00d6gedey, asl\u0131nda o s\u0131ralarda \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ile Horasan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmemesini istemi\u015fti. Ancak K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Horasan ve M\u00e2zender\u00e2n b\u00f6lgelerinin vergi hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in vergi memurlar\u0131 ve mutasarr\u0131flar\u0131n \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in yoklu\u011fundan faydalanarak vergi hesab\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k
\nverecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile \u015eerefedd\u00een\u2019in kendisi ile Horasan\u2019a d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in ka\u011fandan izin istemi\u015fti. Buna ilaveten K\u00f6rg\u00f6z ile ba\u015fkente giden Horasan melikleri ile ileri gelenlerinden her biri, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn davay\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ona kar\u015f\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek maksad\u0131yla birer yarl\u0131g almak istemi\u015flerdi. Bunun \u00fczerine K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, \u201cE\u011fer herkese padi\u015fah yarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilirse, benim onlardan ne fark\u0131m kal\u0131r?\u201d diyerek Cinkay\u2019\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla onlar\u0131n yarl\u0131g ve payza almalar\u0131na engel olmu\u015ftu (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 236, 271; M\u00eerh\u00e2nd, 1339 h\u015f: V, 187; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a.,I-II, 168-169).<\/p>\n

3.3. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn Sonu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn Horasan valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda vergiler uygun bir \u015fekilde toplanm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Merkez olan Tus \u015fehri su kanallar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve im\u00e2r faaliyetleri ile mam\u00fbr bir hale gelmi\u015f, Horasan vil\u00e2yetinin i\u015fleri adalet ve g\u00fcven i\u00e7erisinde bu d\u00f6nemde yoluna girmi\u015fti \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 167-168; Petru\u015fevsky, 1344 h\u015f: I, 121). Ancak K\u00f6rg\u00f6z Horasan\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten k\u0131sa bir zaman sonra \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n vefat etmesi onun talihini k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6nde
\nde\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Zira ka\u011fan vefat ettikten sonra K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e muhalefet muhalif olanlar tekrar f\u0131rsat bulmu\u015flard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn, son zamanlar\u0131nda bu muhaliflerin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek baz\u0131 i\u015flere giri\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusuydu. O, Mo\u011fol adetlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kalede bir hazine binas\u0131 yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kendi ik\u00e2metg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 da oraya nakletmi\u015fti. Buna ilaveten Cinkay\u2019\u0131n himayesine g\u00fcvenerek Mahm\u00fbd Yalavac ile daha \u00f6nceden saraya gitti\u011finde g\u00f6rev ba\u015f\u0131ndaki devlet
\nerk\u00e2n\u0131na ilgi g\u00f6stermemi\u015f, sayg\u0131da kusur etmi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden saraydaki yeni memurlar ile de K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru putperestli\u011fi b\u0131rak\u0131p \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmesi de di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok Mo\u011fol devlet adam\u0131n\u0131n onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftu (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 240, 242; \u00c2\u015ftiy\u00e2n\u00ee, 1328 h\u015f: a., I-II, 169). B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sebepler neticesinde T\u00f6regene\u2019nin naipli\u011fi xvii s\u0131ras\u0131nda bizzat onun emriyle g\u00f6revinden azledilip 1242 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Onun yerine Oyrat boyundan daha \u00f6nce baskakl\u0131k da yapm\u0131\u015f olan Argun Aka tayin edildi (Roux, 2001: 299).<\/p>\n

4. SONU\u00c7<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olan T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, daha \u00f6nce de belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u00fczere Uygurlar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ve Karluklar gibi bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk boyu ya da bodunu yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu boylara mensup bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk de ayn\u0131 zamanda imparatorluk d\u00e2hilinde gerek asker\u00ee gerekse idar\u00ee sahada \u00e7e\u015fitli kademelerde g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlardan Uygur men\u015feli devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle imparatorlu\u011fun resm\u00ee dili haline getirilmi\u015f olan Uygur dilini ve
\nkanunlar\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilmeleri nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck makamlar elde ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u00f6rg\u00f6z de bir Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc olup Uygur dilini ve kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilmesi nedeniyle gen\u00e7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda, Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehzade e\u011fitmeni olarak tayin edildi.<\/p>\n

\u015eehzade e\u011fitmenli\u011fi sonras\u0131nda Batu Han\u2019\u0131n hizmetinde olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nce seyislik sonra da basit bir memurluk elde eden K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, daha sonra Cengiz Han\u2019dan o\u011flu Cuci\u2019ye gelen bir yarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yeterlilikle okumas\u0131 neticesinde Cuci taraf\u0131ndan k\u00e2tipli\u011fe tayin edildi. Devlet kademelerini bir bir t\u0131rmanan bu Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, Cin Timur\u2019un Horasan valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise hem k\u00e2tiplik hem de haciblik makamlar\u0131na getirildi. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Cin Timur\u2019un g\u00fcvenini kazan\u0131p
\nnihayetinde onun naipli\u011fini de yapmaya ba\u015flayan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn, bu s\u0131ralarda \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n nezdine gitmesi belki de onun hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli olayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00d6gedey Ka\u011fan nezdinde iken, onun en yak\u0131n adamlar\u0131ndan ve haciblerinden yine bir Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc olan Cinkay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6vg\u00fclerine mazhar oldu. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bilgeli\u011fi ile \u00d6gedey\u2019in de g\u00fcvenini kazanan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, Horasan valisi Cin Timur \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra \u00f6zellikle Cinkay\u2019\u0131n da tavsiyesi \u00fczerine ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan bir fermanla Horasan ve \u0130ran dolaylar\u0131n\u0131n valili\u011fine tayin edildi.<\/p>\n

Valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendisine b\u00fcy\u00fck yetkiler verilen K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, idare etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyada, gayri resmi yollarla toplanan vergileri kald\u0131rd\u0131 ve vergi sisteminde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle bu hususta adaleti ve g\u00fcveni tesis etti. Haks\u0131z yere halktan vergi alan devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 bir bir tespit ettirerek onlar\u0131n mal\u0131na el koydu. Bunlara ek olarak valilik merkezi Tus ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkede giri\u015fti\u011fi imar faaliyetleriyle Horasan\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok mamur hale getirdi. Kendisi
\nCeyhun\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Diy\u00e2r-\u0131 Bekr\u2019e ve Rum hududuna kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyay\u0131 idare eden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Valili\u011fi esnas\u0131nda ba\u015fta Cin Timur\u2019un o\u011flu Edg\u00fc Timur olmak \u00fczere yine Horasan idarecilerinden Nosal ve K\u00fcl Bolat gibi devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n muhalefetiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Onlara kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelede neticesinde yarguya (mahkemeye) dahi \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00f6rg\u00f6z, bu m\u00fccadeleyi kazand\u0131 ve g\u00f6revine devam etti. Bununla birlikte \u00d6gedey d\u00f6neminde payitahta gitti\u011fi s\u0131ralarda Cinkay\u2019\u0131n himayesine de g\u00fcvenerek di\u011fer saray g\u00f6revlilerine kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fcrmette kusur etmesi,
\nMo\u011fol adetlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ikametg\u00e2h\u0131nda bir hazine kurdurmas\u0131 ve nihayetinde \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul etmesi K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fman olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep oldu. \u00d6gedey\u2019in vefat\u0131 (1241) \u00fczerine ise ona muhalefet edenler f\u0131rsat\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmad\u0131, K\u00f6rg\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn, \u00d6gedey\u2019den sonra imparatorlu\u011fun idaresini ele alan T\u00f6regene\u2019nin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fmesi ad\u0131na her \u015feyi yapt\u0131lar ve neticede naibe T\u00f6regene\u2019nin verdi\u011fi bir emirle K\u00f6rg\u00f6z g\u00f6revinden azledilip 1242 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

i Muval hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (Tokan, 1972: 19-20).
\nii Yasak ya da yasa tabirleri T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol devletlerindeki emir ve kanunlar\u0131 ifade eden terimlerdir. Hem bu
\nterimler hakk\u0131nda hem de Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n yasalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (Gedikli, 2013, 43: 336-440;
\nTemizsu, 2018:)
\niii Tata Tonga hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (Arsal, 1917: 167-168.)
\niv \u00d6gedey Kaan (1227-1241), Cengiz Han \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce o\u011flu \u00d6gedey\u2019i varis olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6n Asya\u2019daki
\ngeni\u015fleme politikas\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde de devam etmi\u015ftir (Kady\u00e2n\u00ee, 1387 h\u015f: a., 153; Ab\u00fb\u2019l Farac, 1950: II, 531;
\nH\u00e2ndm\u00eer, 1333 h\u015f: b., III, 50; Grousset, 1980: 250).
\nv \u00d6gedey\u2019in, babas\u0131 Cengiz Han vefat ettikten sonra s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zler onun ger\u00e7ekten hem babas\u0131n\u0131n yasalar\u0131na
\nba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de babas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7e\u015fitli kademelerde g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olan tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n
\nyine g\u00f6revinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir: \u201cBabam\u0131z \u00c7inggis Hahan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda vazife g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan gece
\nn\u00f6bet\u00e7ilerinin, silah\u015forlar\u0131n, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n, yani b\u00fct\u00fcn muhaf\u0131z k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n yapmakla m\u00fckellf olduklar\u0131
\nhizmetleri tekrar ediyorum: Bunlar, han babam\u0131z\u0131n emriyle eskiden nas\u0131l hizmet etmi\u015flerse, bug\u00fcn de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde
\nhizmet edeceklerdir.\u201d Jean-Paul Roux\u2019un ifadeleri de durumun b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. Ona g\u00f6re,
\nCengiz Han d\u00f6neminde devlet kademelerinde g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olan Uygur, Kitan ve sair men\u015feden devlet
\nadamlar\u0131 hem \u00d6gedey zaman\u0131nda hem de daha sonralar\u0131 g\u00f6revlerine devam etmi\u015ftir (Gizli Tarih, 2010: 199; Roux,
\n2001: 271).
\nvi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcm manas\u0131 ile yargu s\u00f6z\u00fc, terim olarak mahkeme kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Donuk,
\n1988: 91)vi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcm manas\u0131 ile yargu s\u00f6z\u00fc, terim olarak mahkeme kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n(Donuk, 1988: 91)
\nvii Geni\u015f bil i\u00e7in bkz. (S\u00fcmer, 1970, I: 1-2). Faruk S\u00fcmer, \u201cAnadolu\u2019da Mo\u011folllar\u201d, Sel\u00e7uklu Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi
\n(SAD), TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Cilt: I, Ankara 1970, ss. 1-147, 1-2.
\nviii Tamga\/ tamgac\u0131 kavram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bkz. (Donuk, 1988: 84).
\nix Mahmud Yalava\u00e7 hak\u0131\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (Day\u0131, 2015: III, 63-68.)
\nx 1232\u2019de \u00d6geday Kaan taraf\u0131ndan Horasan\u2019a Vali olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (M\u00fcstevf\u00ee, 1387 h\u015f: 584;
\nRe\u015fid\u00fcdd\u00een, 1374 h\u015f: 469-471, 483-486; Yuval\u0131, 1994: 121-122.)
\nxi Baskakl\u0131k, Mo\u011fol idar\u00ee gelene\u011finde en \u00f6nemli ve yayg\u0131n memuriyetlerden biri olup, zapt edilen b\u00f6lgelere
\nbaskaklar idar\u00ee ve mali sorumlu olarak tayin edilirlerdi. (Em\u00een, 1357 h\u015f: 60-61.)
\nxii Horasan valisi Nosal Noyan hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1329 h\u015f: II, 224-225; Re\u015fid\u00fcdd\u00een, 1374 h\u015f:
\n484; Day\u0131, 2020: 105.)
\nxiii Bah\u00e2edd\u00een C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, Ata Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin ve \u015eemsedd\u00een C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin babas\u0131d\u0131r. Bah\u00e2edd\u00een C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin babas\u0131
\nSultan Muhammed H\u00e2rizm\u015f\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n istif\u00e2 d\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Mo\u011fol d\u00f6neminde d\u00eev\u00e2n i\u015fleri ile me\u015fgul
\nolmu\u015ftur. (H\u00e2ndm\u00eer, a., ty: 267; \u2018Ukayl\u00ee, 1337 h\u015f: 276; Kirm\u00e2n\u00ee, ty: a., 101; Bey\u00e2n\u00ee, 1993: II, 384; Grousset, 1980:
\n334-335;)
\nxiv \u00d6gedey Kaan, tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra babas\u0131 Cengiz Han zaman\u0131ndan beri devam eden \u0130ran meselesini \u00e7\u00f6zmek
\ni\u00e7in Komutan olarak Cumagun Noyan\u2019\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeye tayin etmi\u015ftir. (May, 1996: 4-90.)
\nxv Eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerde yarl\u0131g; emir, ferman, buyruk anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarl\u0131g,
\nMo\u011folca\u2019da ise emir, s\u00f6z, bildiri ve kanuni ferman anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. (Em\u00een, 1357 h\u015f: 262-263.)
\nxvi Payza; habercilere ve y\u00fcksek devlet memurlar\u0131na, kimin emriyle yolculuk yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirten ve devlet
\ni\u015flerinde o ki\u015filere kolayl\u0131k tan\u0131yan bir \u00e7e\u015fit kimlik belgesi mukabilinde bir plaket idi.(Em\u00een, 1357 h\u015f: 78-79.)
\nxvii T\u00f6regene Hatun, G\u00fcy\u00fck Han tahta \u00e7\u0131kana kadar \u00d6gedey Kaan\u2019dan sonra \u00fclkeyi d\u00f6rt y\u0131l y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. (M\u00fcstevf\u00ee,
\n1387 h\u015f: 587.)<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nYUVALI, A. (1994). \u0130lhanl\u0131lar Tarihi I Kurulu\u015f Devri, Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Kayseri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zkan DAYI\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zg\u00fcr TOKAN \u00d6zet Cengiz Han; asker\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 neticesinde Tay\u00e7iutlar, Naymanlar, Kereyitler, Tatarlar, Uygurlar, Karluklar ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol k\u00fctlelerini de egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alarak 13. Asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurmu\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4250"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4252,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4250\/revisions\/4252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}