{"id":4190,"date":"2020-07-15T10:57:08","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T07:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4190"},"modified":"2020-07-15T10:57:53","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T07:57:53","slug":"4190","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4190","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4196\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/d.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"880\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/d.png 880w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/d-400x171.png 400w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/d-768x328.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Prof. Dr. Tsend BATTULGA<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>744-840 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen Uygurlara ait k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve uygarl\u0131k eserleri, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Erken d\u00f6nemlerinde runik yaz\u0131 sistemini kullanan<br \/>\nUygurlar, daha sonra Mani dininin de izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan ve So\u011fd yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan uyarlanan Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve resm\u00ee yaz\u0131 olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, runik yaz\u0131 sisteminden Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ile birlikte Uygurlar\u0131n kendi inan\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ekseninde \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u00e7e, So\u011fdca, \u00c7ince\u2019nin yan\u0131nda Uygurca yazm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda yer alan yaz\u0131tlar ve bunlarla ilgili yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar dikkatlere sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>Anahtar S\u00f6zc\u00fckler:<\/strong> <\/span>Uygurlar, Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar, Mo\u011folistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">\u00d8. Giri\u015f:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mo\u011folistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Orhun vadisini merkeze alan b\u00f6lge K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6lgedir. Bu b\u00f6lgede, Uygur D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ait kurganlar, yer alt\u0131 t\u00fcrbeleri1, ta\u015fbabalar, damgalar, kaya \u00fcst\u00fc tasvirler, \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile birlikte yaz\u0131tlar da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uygur D\u00f6nemi tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde en kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlar, Uygur D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na ait runik harfli yaz\u0131tlard\u0131r.2 Buna kar\u015f\u0131n mevcut Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bunlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da bir o kadar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Kanaatimizce Orhun vadisindeki ba\u015fkent Han Bal\u0131k, bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131yla Ordu Bal\u0131k\u2019ta Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n bulunma ihtimali olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bulunmu\u015f<br \/>\nolanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerini ortaya koymak ad\u0131na bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ilk olarak Uygur D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n hangi dilde ve hangi alfabeyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan; ard\u0131ndan da Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n az olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden bahsedilecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">1. Uygur D\u00f6neminde Yaz\u0131 Sistemleri:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Uygurlar, kendilerinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak runik alfabeyi resm\u00ee olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f fakat \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Uygur alfabesini geli\u015ftirerek kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.3<\/p>\n<p>Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6nemine ait b\u00fcy\u00fck yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n (Moyun \u00c7or, Tariat, Tes, Karabalgasun Yaz\u0131t\u0131 \u2026 gibi) hepsinin runik alfabeyle yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, o d\u00f6nemde runik alfabenin ne kadar yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve eski T\u00fcrk ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan di\u011fer boylar taraf\u0131ndan kendilerini ifade etmede ne kadar uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fareti olarak kabul edilebilir. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe topluluklarda y\u00fczy\u0131llarca nesilden nesile aktar\u0131larak topluluklar\u0131n sembol\u00fc niteli\u011finde kullan\u0131lan damgalardan hareketle geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolay olan runik yaz\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda oyma y\u00f6ntemiyle kayalar \u00fczerine i\u015flenmesi sebebiyle de kolayca yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmi\u015f, geleneksel olarak kullan\u0131lmaya uzun s\u00fcre devam etmi\u015ftir. Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fundan sonraki yirmi y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ayn\u0131 durumun devam etmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan olduk\u00e7a fazla kal\u0131nt\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Mo\u011folistan\u2019da bulunan ve Uygurlara ait olan az\u0131msanamayacak say\u0131daki yaz\u0131tlar, sadece onlar\u0131n dil ve yaz\u0131 geleneklerini yans\u0131tan \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tlar olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda o d\u00f6nemin tarih\u00ee olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden \u00f6nemli belge niteli\u011fi de ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uygurlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131 sistemini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinde iki temel etken bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak bahsedilmesi gereken, Tan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Ani Lu\u015fan (\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71 an shi zhi luan)\u2019\u0131n isyan \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla zor durumda kalan Tan \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun Uygurlardan yard\u0131m istemesidir. Bu yard\u0131ma olumlu cevap veren Uygurlar da 756, 757, 759, 762 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na asker\u00ee destek vererek isyan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tarih\u00ee olay\u0131n<br \/>\nsonras\u0131nda Uygurlar\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131yla birlikte So\u011fdlar\u0131n ticari faaliyetlerinin artmas\u0131, din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini de beraberinde getirmi\u015f ve topluluklar aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim fazlala\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak 762 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan4\u0131n d\u00f6rt Mani dini rahibini Orhun vadisinde bulunan ba\u015fkent Ordu Bal\u0131k (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kara Balgasun) \u015fehrine getirtip Mani dinini resm\u00ee din olarak kabul etmesi de \u00f6nemli etkenlerdendir.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki tarih\u00ee olaylar neticesinde Uygurlar aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; ard\u0131ndan ticari faaliyetler de artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fehirlerde Mani dini tap\u0131naklar\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, rahipler \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f ve gittik\u00e7e artan say\u0131da din\u00ee eserler haz\u0131rlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mani dini kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okumak, onlar\u0131 kendi diline \u00e7evirmek mecburiyetinde kalan yeni din mensubu Uygurlar, runik yaz\u0131y\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 kabuklar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlara yazarak yeni dine ait kitaplar haz\u0131rlarken ve dine ait \u00f6\u011fretileri \u00e7evirirken mevcut yaz\u0131 yetersiz kal\u0131yor, yeni bir yaz\u0131 sistemi yahut alfabeye ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorlard\u0131. Bu ihtiya\u00e7 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla din\u00ee kitap yazmada ustala\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan So\u011fdlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na gerek duyulmu\u015f ve tam o d\u00f6nemlerde So\u011fd yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 esas alan Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Mani dini \u00f6\u011fretilerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle ilkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede tasar\u0131 olarak var olan yeni yaz\u0131 sistemi, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden devlet ve halk\u0131n geleneksel yaz\u0131 sistemi h\u00e2lini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve gittik\u00e7e yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ka\u011fan ve ka\u011fanl\u0131k idaresi taraf\u0131ndan be\u011fenilerek kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan yeni Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131, yava\u015f yava\u015f runik yaz\u0131n\u0131n unutulmas\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Fakat runik yaz\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamen unutulup b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek de \u00e7ok<br \/>\ndo\u011fru bir kanaat de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc devletin resm\u00ee yaz\u0131s\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f olsa da \u00f6nceden bu sisteme al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan halk, runik yaz\u0131y\u0131 bir s\u00fcre daha kullanmaya devam etmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">2. Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Uygurlara Ait Yaz\u0131tlar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Uygurlara ait olan yaz\u0131tlar \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir:<br \/>\nI. Runik harfli klasik Uygur yaz\u0131tlar\u0131<br \/>\nMoyun \u00c7or Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nTariat Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nTaihar \u00c7uluu Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nTes Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nII. Runik harfli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Uygur yaz\u0131tlar\u0131<br \/>\nArhanan Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nGurvalcin Uul Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nGurvanmandal Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nHangidai Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nIII. Runik harfli, So\u011fdca, \u00c7ince yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Uygur yaz\u0131tlar\u0131<br \/>\nHar Balgas Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nIV. Runik harfli ve So\u011fdca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131tlar<br \/>\nSevrei Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nV. Runik harfli ve Uygurca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131tlar<br \/>\nDoloogoidoi Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\n\u0130h Bi\u00e7igt Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nVI. Uygurca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131tlar<br \/>\nTaihar \u00c7uluu Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nBi\u00e7igt Hangai Yaz\u0131t\u0131<br \/>\nUliactain Denj Uygur Yaz\u0131t\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">2.1. Taihar \u00c7uluu Yaz\u0131t\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkolojide \u201cHoit Tamir Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla \u00fcn kazanan yaz\u0131tlar, Mo\u011folistan\u2019da \u0130h Tamir sum5 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Kuzey Tamir Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki Taihar adl\u0131 kaya \u00fczerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgedeki kayalar \u00fczerinde Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla ilgili bilgi veren ilk bilim adam\u0131, tarih\u00e7i H. Perlee\u2019dir. O zamana kadar Taihar \u00c7uluu adl\u0131 kaya \u00fczerinde Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirten olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H. Perlee6, 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda Taihar kayas\u0131 \u00fczerinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 10 yaz\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. H. Perlee\u2019nin verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re; bu yaz\u0131lardan Uygur harfli olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutludur ve siyah m\u00fcrekkeple yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca so\u011fuk hava ve ya\u011fmurun etkisiyle silinmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu sebeplerden dolay\u0131, Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen herhangi biri taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131larak kopya edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>H. Perlee\u2019ye g\u00f6re; Taihar \u00c7uluu adl\u0131 kaya \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar, ne kadar silinmi\u015f olsa da Eski Mo\u011fol, K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk gibi di\u011fer yaz\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, sat\u0131r say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesiyle yaz\u0131n\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu toplulu\u011fun tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili yeni bilgilerin ke\u015ffedilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar fazlad\u0131r.7<\/p>\n<p>Ne yaz\u0131k ki Taihar \u00c7uluu \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar bug\u00fcne kadar kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde incelenmemi\u015ftir. Taihar \u00c7uluu\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 34 runik yaz\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu da bildirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>2.2. Doloogoidoi Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>Doloogoidoi Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, Mo\u011folistan\u2019da Uvs ayma\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrgen sumunun Har-Us adl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde \u201cDoloogoidoi Bul\u015f\u201d olarak bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurganda 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda arkeolog Ts. Dorjs\u00fcren8 taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. Mezar alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda yaz\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka herhangi bir kal\u0131nt\u0131ya rastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ts. Dorjs\u00fcren, bordo renkli iki ta\u015f \u00fczerinde runik yaz\u0131n\u0131n ve Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oyma y\u00f6ntemiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu iki ta\u015f, s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgedeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma m\u00fczesinde muhafaza edilmektedir. \u0130lk olarak akademisyen B. Rintchen yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n resmini bir kitapta yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.9 T\u00fcrkolog S. G. Klya\u015ftorniy runik harfli yaz\u0131t hakk\u0131nda \u00f6n bilgileri yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan yaz\u0131t\u0131n hangi d\u00f6neme ait oldu\u011funu ve yaz\u0131tta anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131 makalesinde yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.10 \u00dcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i L. N. Gumilyev, Doloogoidoi Yaz\u0131t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarih\u00ee \u00f6nemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermi\u015ftir.11<\/p>\n<p>Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yaparak Rus\u00e7aya \u00e7evirisini Rus bilim adam\u0131 A. M. \u015e\u00e7erbak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. M. \u015e\u00e7erbak, yaz\u0131t\u0131n So\u011fd yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan Uygur D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.12 E. Vandui ise Mo\u011folcaya \u00e7evirisini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.13 Ard\u0131ndan N. Baz\u0131lhan14, sonras\u0131nda da Ts. Battulga ile N. Gerelmaa15 runik harfli yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A. M. \u015e\u00e7erbak\u2019\u0131n Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t\u0131 okuma denemesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<br \/>\n1. er at\u00efm Bo\u03b3az-tegin jeti jigirmi ja\u0161\u00efmta Bur-ulu\u03b3ta<br \/>\n2. s\u00fcledim mi\u014b jont alt\u00efm toquz jigirmi joq\u00efmta<br \/>\n3. \u00f6\u014bi sunutu (?) Tatarta s\u00fcledim \u00f6\u014bre \u010derig<br \/>\n4. \u00efd(t)\u00efm ji(g)irmin\u010dte ert\u00fcr\u00fc tud\u00efm tolun j\u00eflq\u00ef<br \/>\n5. T\u00fcb\u00fct T\u00fcnl\u00fcg kisre T\u00fcrge\u0161 Bolu\u010du-\u00f6g\u00fcz(te) (? bolun \u00fck\u00fc\u0161)<br \/>\n6. alt\u00efm bir otuz ja\u0161\u00efmta Omuzta s\u00fcledim<br \/>\n7. t\u00f6belip Biditegi tegin (?) ilt\u00fcgi kisre<br \/>\n8. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..16<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde A. M. \u015e\u00e7erbak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sebebi olarak g\u00f6sterilen genel kan\u0131 ise \u015e\u00e7erbak\u2019\u0131n okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yaz\u0131t\u0131n m\u00fczede sergilenmesi ve g\u00f6rselli\u011fini art\u0131rma amac\u0131yla boyanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bilinmeyen bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu i\u015flem sonucunda yaz\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilmesi art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir..<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131t \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131, olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczensiz ve kabaca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zamanla g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi tabiat fakt\u00f6rlerinden etkilenmesi sonucu y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczeri, belirginle\u015fmesi amac\u0131yla, beyaz renkli boya gibi bir malzemeyle boyanm\u0131\u015f fakat yap\u0131lan bu yanl\u0131\u015f uygulama sebebiyle yaz\u0131t\u0131n okunmas\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Doloogoidoi runik harfli yaz\u0131t\u0131 ise toplam d\u00f6rt sat\u0131rdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk iki sat\u0131r\u0131n harfleri olduk\u00e7a belirgindir; ancak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc sat\u0131rlar\u0131n ilk karakterleri y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Yaz\u0131n\u0131n harf \u00e7evirimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n1. \u00e4r at\u00efm bilig \u010d[ur]\u2026<br \/>\n2. \u2026n inisi tinig taq\u00ef \u00e4rd\u00e4m<br \/>\n3. \u2026\u014b\u00ef\u03b3da tinig \u010dur q<br \/>\n4. \u2026senin b\u2026\u2026. l\u00efm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Doloogoidoi adl\u0131 mezar alan\u0131nda bulunan biri K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, di\u011feri Uygur harfli olan iki yaz\u0131t \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tta \u201cer at\u00efm Bo\u03b3az-tegin\u201d adl\u0131 bir ki\u015fiden s\u00f6z edilirken K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfli yaz\u0131tta \u201c\u00e4r at\u00efm bilig \u010d[ur]\u2026)\u201d \u015feklinde bir ifade ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Her iki yaz\u0131t\u0131n da sadece \u00f6n y\u00fczlerinde yaz\u0131 bulunmakta olup di\u011fer y\u00fczlerinde, ba\u015fka bir alfabe ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herhangi bir yaz\u0131 yahut damga bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>2.3. Bi\u00e7igt Hangai Yaz\u0131t\u0131:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u011folistan\u2019da Arhangai ayma\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nd\u00f6r ulaan sumunda; Bi\u00e7igt ho\u015fuu, Bi\u00e7igt hangai adl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede 21.06.2004 tarihinde, Ts. Battulga\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netimindeki Epigrafik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile T\u00fcrkoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (arazi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131)17 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, siyah m\u00fcrekkeple yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Uygur harfli Bi\u00e7igt Hangai Yaz\u0131t\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Kayan\u0131n g\u00fcneye bakan y\u00fcz\u00fcnde siyah m\u00fcrekkeple yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 7 sat\u0131rl\u0131k yaz\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131 18 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde, 24 cm uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u041c. M\u00f6nkhtulga, yaz\u0131n\u0131n harf \u00e7evirimini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<br \/>\n1. [kel]ip bis y\u00fcz turnas\u00ef \u00f6lt\u00fcrdi<br \/>\n2. Ulus bog\u00fcn \u010digi qaz \u00f6lt\u00fcrdi<br \/>\n3. &#8230;.il [bo]g\u00fcn y\u00fcz &#8230;-n y\u00fcz<br \/>\n4. s&#8230;on y\u00fcz otuz<br \/>\n5. b\u00f6r[i] [\u00f6lt\u00fcrdi]<br \/>\n6. &#8230;.<br \/>\n7. &#8230;nji b\u00f6r[i] \u00f6l&#8230;-\u00fcn18<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yaz\u0131t\u0131n VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda sonbahar aylar\u0131ndan birinde ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi av t\u00f6renini y\u00f6neten yahut av t\u00f6renine kat\u0131lan biri taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131t\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu zamanlarda ve yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede av\u0131 y\u00f6neten birinin Uygur ka\u011fan\u0131 oldu\u011fu muhtemeldir. Buna g\u00f6re Hangai da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede Hanuin vadisinde ka\u011fanlar\u0131n ya da y\u00f6neticilerin av yapma ve avla birlikte sava\u015fta kullan\u0131lacak atlar\u0131n, talim yapt\u0131rma amac\u0131yla ko\u015fturuldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli bir yer oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Yaz\u0131tta anlat\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re yaz\u0131t\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn d\u00fczenlenen avda toplam 730 (500+100+ 130 =730) av avlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u00e7igt Hangai Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z de\u011ferlendirmeler neticesinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki fikirlere ula\u015fmaktay\u0131z:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bi\u00e7igt Hangai Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t\u0131 ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck av t\u00f6reni hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.<br \/>\nYazar bu yaz\u0131t\u0131 av t\u00f6reninin oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu yaz\u0131tta ka\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayvan avland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu yaz\u0131t tek bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck av ile ilgili bir kay\u0131t niteli\u011findedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taraf\u0131m\u0131zca, yaz\u0131lar\u0131n avda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan ki\u015fileri \u00f6vmek i\u00e7in ve da\u011f\u0131n kutsal ruhunun ava gidenlere b\u00f6yle bir \u015fans ve bolluk verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fckran sunmak amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Genelde ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n av t\u00f6reninden sonra yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun \u00f6zel bir t\u00f6ren oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr av hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n daha arkaik di\u011fer \u015fekillerini Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde rastlanan kaya resimleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim yaz\u0131 olmayan d\u00f6nemlerde bu \u00e7e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fck av t\u00f6renlerini anlatma amac\u0131yla avlanan hayvanlar\u0131n tasvir edildi\u011fi kaya \u00fcst\u00fc resimler de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla av hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131t\u0131n yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131; binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde olan geleneklerin sadece s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n d\u00f6neminde de\u011fil onun da \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011funun ve gelenekselle\u015fti\u011finin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">2.4. \u0130h Bi\u00e7igt Yaz\u0131t\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u011folistan\u2019da Dundgovi ayma\u011f\u0131n merkezinden kuzeydo\u011fuya do\u011fru 110 km mesafedeki Govi-Ugtaal sumunun 2. bag\u0131nda me\u015fhur Aarga adl\u0131 s\u0131ral\u0131 kayalardan olu\u015fan kayal\u0131k b\u00f6lgede \u0130h Bi\u00e7igt, Baga bi\u00e7igt olarak bilinen kayal\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Birbiri ard\u0131na dizilmi\u015f irili ufakl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k gri renkli kayal\u0131klardan olu\u015fan ve de s\u0131ral\u0131 kayalar diyebilece\u011fimiz bu olu\u015fum \u00fczerinde runik ve Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli damgalar, Mo\u011fol ve Tibet yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dualar vb. \u00e7ok say\u0131da olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge \u201c\u0130h Bi\u00e7igt (b\u00fcy\u00fck, ulu yaz\u0131l\u0131 (alan)\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131\u015fla olarak kullan\u0131lan \u0130h Bi\u00e7igt adl\u0131 kayal\u0131klarda, yerden 180 cm y\u00fckseklikte, runik harfli 1 sat\u0131r ve 2 Uygur harfli kelime ile zaman\u0131 belli olmayan bir atl\u0131 adam tasviri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gerek yaz\u0131lar\u0131n gerekse atl\u0131 adam tasvirinin oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131z\u0131l &#8211; bordo renkli kaya \u00fczerinde d\u00f6vme y\u00f6ntemiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan beyazla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve daha belirgin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. D\u00f6vme y\u00f6ntemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken y\u00fczeysel i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oyuklar \u00e7ok derin de\u011fildir. Bu sebeple de yaz\u0131lar\u0131n ve tasvirlerin estampaj y\u00f6ntemiyle kopyalar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Runik yaz\u0131: \u0130h Bi\u00e7igt adl\u0131 kayal\u0131klarda, \u00e7ok belirgin \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan runik yaz\u0131, 61 cm uzunlu\u011funda 1 sat\u0131rdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Karakterlerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ise yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 8 cm\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Runik yaz\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4191 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"33\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Harf \u00e7evirimi:<\/span><br \/>\nBoz (Buz) qan an\u010di on ba\u0161i bitidim Yukar\u0131daki runik harfli yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u201cnK\u201d (qan) kelimesinin tam alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda da Uygur<br \/>\nharfleriyle \u201ct\u00f6g\u00fcs t\u00fck\u00e4\u201d yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Gerek runik gerekse Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi fakt\u00f6rlerle y\u0131pranma derecesine bak\u0131larak her ikisinin de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu tabloyu de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde runik yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazan ki\u015finin kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 da Uygur harfleriyle hemen alt\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz. Yani her iki alfabeyi de yazmay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilen birinin her iki yaz\u0131y\u0131 da yazm\u0131\u015f olma ihtimali y\u00fcksektir. Ancak yine de bu iki yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazan ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayacak ba\u015fka bir delil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">2.5. Uliastain Denj Yaz\u0131t\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n \u00d6v\u00f6r-Hangai ayma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Battsengel sumunda, Orhun nehrinin g\u00fcney kesiminde Uurtiin tohoi denilen volkanik kaya \u00fczerindeki Uygur harfli yaz\u0131t\u0131 Prof. Dr. A. O\u00e7ir bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>A. O\u00e7ir ve Ts. Battulga 26.10.2013 tarihinde s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Volkanik kayan\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131ya bakan taraf\u0131nda 145 cm uzunlu\u011funda ve 175 cm geni\u015fli\u011findeki bir par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde siyah m\u00fcrekkep ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 sat\u0131r yaz\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131t\u0131n oldu\u011fu kayan\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru 51. cm\u2019den ba\u015flayarak yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci sat\u0131rda 8 kelime, ikinci sat\u0131rda da 6-7 kelime ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sat\u0131rda 5 kelime bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uzun y\u0131llar r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve benzeri do\u011fal fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan yaz\u0131t\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n silinmesi sebebiyle yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yaz\u0131t\u0131n birinci sat\u0131r\u0131nda \u201ctaq\u00ef\u03b3u y\u00efl bi\u0161in\u010d ay bi\u0161 ya\u014b\u00efqa &#8230;\u201d yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgindir. Yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n devam etmesi ve bulgular\u0131n net bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>2.6. Nestoryan Uygurlara Ait Uygur Harfli Yaz\u0131t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Uygur Harfli Yaz\u0131tlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermek ad\u0131na haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak sadece Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 de\u011fil yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde de Eski Uygurlara ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00f6zellikle de yaz\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatlerini bu \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ekebilmek ve de yaln\u0131z belli b\u00f6lgeler de\u011fil bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yak\u0131n co\u011frafyalarda da \u00f6nemli eserlerin bulunabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermek ad\u0131na ek olarak bahsedilmesi gereken yaz\u0131tlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan biri de \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti H\u00f6hhot\u2019ta Tarih M\u00fczesinde bulunan Nestoryan Uygurlara ait Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131t i\u00e7in okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan Prof. Dr. Ts. Battulga ile Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 R. M\u00f6nkhtulga yaz\u0131t \u00fczerindeki Uygur harfli yaz\u0131y\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde okumu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[1] &#8230; qan saq\u00efs-\u00ef m\u00ef\u014b<br \/>\n[2] bis y\u00fcz altm\u00efs t\u00f6rt &#8230;<br \/>\n[3] saq\u00efs-\u00ef ud y\u00efl y(a)r\u00efm(?) ay<br \/>\n[4] y(\u00e4)girmik\u00e4 bo &#8230; &#8230;<br \/>\n[5] yunan(?) k\u00f6mke s\u00e4\u014bg\u00fcm yitmis<br \/>\n[6] bis yas\u00efnta t(\u00e4)\u014bri y(a)rl(\u00ef)q-\u00ef b\u00fct\u00fcndi<br \/>\n[7] bo b\u00e4g-ing \u00fcs\u00fcti t(\u00e4)\u014bri m\u00e4\u014bg\u00fc<br \/>\n[8] usadmaq(?)-ta ornadmaq\u00ef(?) bol[sun]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde bizzat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmam\u0131z \u015fu ana kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan okuma denemesi \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde durulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n daha ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Sonu\u00e7 ve \u00d6neriler<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar \u00fczerinde bug\u00fcne kadar tespit ve okuma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ait klasik ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 110\u2019a yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak runik harfli yaz\u0131tlarla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar genellikle siyah m\u00fcrekkeple yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 silinmi\u015f ve okunmayacak durumdad\u0131r. Bu sebeple de yaz\u0131tlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmekte ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nMevcut yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve bulunan yaz\u0131tlar \u00fczerindeki sat\u0131r say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan muhteva darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgi uyand\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nMo\u011folistan\u2019da Eski Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yok denilecek kadar azd\u0131r. Eski T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00f6nemli tarih\u00ee kaynaklara da sahip Uygurlara ait tarih\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eserlerle ilgili olarak, bunlar\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgelerde oldu\u011funun ve say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir liste olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<br \/>\nMo\u011folistan\u2019daki t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Uygur harfli yaz\u0131tlar da y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e tabiat \u015fartlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha fazla a\u015f\u0131nmakta ve y\u0131pranmaktad\u0131r. Zaman zaman da bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da kaybolmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilmektedir. Bu sebeple s\u00f6z konusu eserler tamamen yok olmadan bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Mo\u011folcada \u201cbunhant or\u015fuulga\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131lar; genel olarak yer alt\u0131nda bina \u015feklinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve<br \/>\n\u00f6len ki\u015fiye ait \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyalar\u0131n da i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu, oda \u015feklinde farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lmeleri olan yer alt\u0131 t\u00fcrbesi \u015feklinde<br \/>\na\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>2 S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131tlarla ilgili yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u015funlard\u0131r: Ramstedt, G. \u0130. (1912). Kak b\u0131l naiden<br \/>\nSelenginskii kameni. Trud\u0131 Troitskosavsko, Khiakhtinskogo otdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Geografi\u00e7eskogo,<br \/>\nob\u015festva, IV, 1; Ramstedt, G. \u0130. (1914). Perevod nadpisi Selenginskogo kamnia. Trud\u0131 Troitskosavsko- Kiakhtinskogo<br \/>\notdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Geografi\u00e7eskogo, ob\u015festva, XV, 1; \u015eineh\u00fc\u00fc, M. (1975). Tariat\u0131n orkhon bi\u00e7giin<br \/>\n\u015fine dursgal. Studia Archaeologica, VI, 1; \u015eineh\u00fc\u00fc, M. (1977). Tesiin ertnii t\u00fcreg bi\u00e7eesiig dakhin niagtalsan ni.<br \/>\nArkheologiin sudlal, VII, 9; Klya\u015ftorniy, S. G. (1980). Terkhinskaia nadpisi (predvaritelinaia publikatsia). Sovetskaia<br \/>\nTiurkologia, 3; Klya\u015ftorniy, S. G. (1980). Tesinkaia stela (Predvaritelinaia publikatsia); \u015eineh\u00fc\u00fc, M. (1980). OrkhonSelengiin runi bi\u00e7giin \u015fine dursgal. Arkheologiin sudlal, VIII, I; Baz\u0131lhan, B. (1980). Terhiin T\u00fcreg Bi\u00e7ees. Studia<br \/>\nMongolica, VIII (16), 12; Baz\u0131lhan, B. (1980). Terhiin T\u00fcreg Bi\u00e7ees. Studia Archaeologica, VII (15), 1-15; Tekin, T.<br \/>\n(1983). Kuzey Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Yeni Bir Uygur An\u0131t\u0131: Taryat (Terhin) Kitabesi. TTK-B, 46, 184, 795-838; Sertkaya,<br \/>\nO. F. (1992). G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Harfli Uygur Kitabelerinin T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi \u0130\u00e7erisindeki Yeri. T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131,<br \/>\nProf. Dr. Muharrem ERG\u0130N\u2019e Arma\u011fan, XXVIII \/ 1-2, 325-334; Bold, L. (2000). Orkhon bi\u00e7giin dursgal II.<br \/>\nUlaanbaatar; Harjaubay, S. (2002). Obiedinennyi kaganat tiurkov v 745-760 godakh. Astana; Harjaubay, S. (2002).<br \/>\nPerv\u0131i pamiatnik Eli-Etmi\u015f Bilge ka\u011fana (Tesinkaia stela). Obiedinenn\u0131i kaganat tiurkov v 745-760 godakh (po<br \/>\nmaterialam runi\u00e7eskikh nadpisei). Astana; Aly\u0131lmaz, C. (2005). G\u00fcrbelcin (Gurvaljin Uul) Yaz\u0131t\u0131yla \u0130lgili Baz\u0131<br \/>\nD\u00fczeltmeler. Manas \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7 \/ 13; Aly\u0131lmaz, C. (2007). K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Harfli Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n<br \/>\n\u0130zinde. Ankara: Karam Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k; Ayd\u0131n, E. (2007). \u015eine Usu Yaz\u0131t\u0131. \u00c7orum: Karam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131; Tugu\u015faeva, A. \u0130U.<br \/>\n(2008). Tiurkskie runi\u00e7eskie pisimenn\u0131e pamiatniki iz Mongolii. Moskva; Mert, O. (2009). \u00d6t\u00fcken Uygur D\u00f6nemi<br \/>\nYaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndan Tes, Tariat, \u015eine Us. Ankara: Belen Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k; Ayd\u0131n, E. (2011). Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131. Konya:<br \/>\nK\u00f6men Yay\u0131nlar\u0131; Azzaya, B. (2013). Orhon Bi\u00e7giin Dursgal V (Moyun\u00e7uriin Gerelt H\u00f6\u015f\u00f6\u00f6). \u015eUA, X3X, Mongoliin<br \/>\nAltay Sudlaa\u00e7d\u0131n Holboo XIV.<br \/>\n3 Uygur yaz\u0131 sistemleri ve bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fimi ile ilgili olarak bk. \u00c7a\u011fatay, S. \u015e. (1943). Uygur Yaz\u0131 Dili. A.\u00dc. DTCFD,<br \/>\n1 \/ 4; Hanenda, A. ve Yamada, N. (1961). A list of the manuscript remains in Uighur script preserved in Ryukoku<br \/>\nLibrary. In: Buddhist Manuscripts and secular documents of the ancient languages in Sentral Asia, Monumenta<br \/>\nSerindica, 6, 29; Clauson, S. G. (1962). Turkish and Mongolian Studies. London; Pritsak, O. (1964). Zum<br \/>\nParallelismus im Altt\u00fcrkischen. Studia Orientalia, 28\/6, 1-8; Klya\u015ftorniy, S. G. (1970). Ob izu\u00e7enii drevneuigurskikh<br \/>\npamiatnikov v SSSR. \u0130ssledovania po uigurskomu iaz\u0131ku, V\u0131p. 2; Hamilton, J. R. (1975). Le colophon de I\u2019Irq Bitig.<br \/>\nTurcica, Revue d\u2019\u00c9tudes Turques, 7, 7-19; Hamilton, J. R. (1978). Sur deux pr\u00e9sages de I\u2019Irq Bitig. Quand le crible<br \/>\n\u00e9tait dans la paille, 247-254; L. \u0130u, Tugu\u015feva. (1978). Orkhono-tiurkskii i drevneuigurskii iaz\u0131ki, ikh skhodstvo i<br \/>\nrazli\u00e7ie. Tiurkologi\u00e7eskii sbornik; Tezcan, S. (1981). T\u00fcrklerde Yaz\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve Geli\u015fimi. Harf<br \/>\nDevriminin 50.\u2019nci Y\u0131l\u0131 Sempozyumundan Ayr\u0131bas\u0131m. Ankara: TTK Bas\u0131mevi, 39-43; Zieme, P. (1986). Uygur<br \/>\nYaz\u0131s\u0131yla Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Uygur Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131na Dair D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler. TDAY-B, 1982-1983, 229-237; \u30a6\u30a4\u30b0\u30eb \u6587\u5951\u6587\u7d04\u66f8\u96c6\u6210<br \/>\n\u00b7 \u8457\u8005 \u5c71\u7530\u4fe1\u592b \u00b7 \u7de8\u8005 \u00b7 \u5c0f\u7530\u58fd\u5178 \u00b7 P.\u30c3\u30a3\u2015\u30e1\u00b7 \u6885\u6751 \u5766 \u00b7 \u68ee\u5b89\u5b5d\u592b \u00b7 \u5927\u962a\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a (Nobuo Yamada,<br \/>\nSammlung Uigurischer Kontrakte, Band I-III, Herausgegeben von Juten Oda, Peter Zieme, Hiroshi Umemura, Takao Moriyasu, Osaka University Press), 1993; Gabain, A. Von (1998). Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Yaz\u0131 Dili. TDAY-B, 1959, 311-<br \/>\n329, (\u00e7ev. Sabit Payl\u0131); \u015e\u00e7erbak, A. M. (2000). Uygur Alfabesi Hakk\u0131nda. \u0130lmi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, 10, 189-194 (\u00e7ev. \u00d6.<br \/>\nTabaklar); \u015eagdars\u00fcren, Ts. (2001). Mongol\u00e7uud\u0131n \u00fcseg bi\u00e7giin tov\u00e7oon (\u00dcsegzuin sudalgaa). Bibliotheca<br \/>\nMongolica: Monograph 1, Centre for Mongol Studies, National University of Mongolia, nemj zassan khoiordugaar<br \/>\nkhevlel, Ulaanbaatar.<\/p>\n<p>4 Moyun \u00c7or Ka\u011fan 759 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015f ve onun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu B\u00f6g\u00fc, ka\u011fan olmu\u015ftur. \u201ctengride bolm\u00ef\u0161 il tutmu\u0161 alp<br \/>\nqutlu\u03b3 bilge\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 da alan B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan, \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda bu unvanla yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan Eski T\u00fcrk<br \/>\ntarihinde ilk kez din de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine giden ka\u011fan olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>5 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mo\u011folistan\u2019da yerle\u015fim birimleri b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru hot (b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir), aymag (vilayet), sum<br \/>\n(il\u00e7e), bag (kasabadan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir k\u00f6y niteli\u011finde yerle\u015fim birimi) olarak<br \/>\nadland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, yerle\u015fim birimlerinin tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sebebi ve de bahsi<br \/>\nge\u00e7en k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yerini tam olarak betimleyebilme amac\u0131yla Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen isimler<br \/>\nkullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n6 Perlee, H. (1960). Taihir \u00c7uluu. I, IV. Ulaanbaatar.<br \/>\n7 Perlee, H. (1960). agm.<br \/>\n8 Dorjs\u00fcren, Ts. (1957). Doloogoidoin Bul\u015f Ba T\u00fcnii Kh\u00f6sh\u00f6. \u015einjleh Ukhaan Tekhnik, UB, 5-6, 25.<br \/>\n9 Rintchen, (1968). Les dessigns pictographiques et les inscriptions sur les rochers et sur les steles en Mongolie.<br \/>\nCorpus Scriptorum Mongolorum, XVI, 1, 41.<\/p>\n<p>10 Klya\u015ftorniy, S. G. (1961). K \u0130storiografi\u00e7eskoi Otsenke-Ulangomskoi Nadpisi,-Epigrafika Vostoka 14, 26-28;<br \/>\nKlya\u015ftorniy, S. G. (2003). \u0130storya Tsenralinoi Azii \u0130 Pamyatniki-Runi\u00e7eskovo-Pisma,-Sanktpeterburg, 282-288.<br \/>\n11 Gumilyev, L. N. (1963). Po Povodu-\u0130nterpretatsii-Ulankomskoi-Nadpisi,-Sovetskaya-Arkheologya, 24.<br \/>\n12\u015e\u00e7erbak, A. M. (1961). Nadpis Na Drevneuygurskom Yazike \u0130z Mongolii, Epigrafika Vostoka-14. Moskva, 23-25;<br \/>\n\u015e\u00e7erbak, A. M. (2001). Ulangomskaya Nadpis. Tyurkskaya Runika, 120-126.<br \/>\n13 Vandui, E. (1958). Uvsin-Khar-Usni-Gerelt-Kh\u00f6sh\u00f6. \u015einjleh-Ukhaan-Tekhnik, UB, 45-47.<br \/>\n14 Baz\u0131lhan, N. (2005). Doloodoin Bitiktas\u0131. Kazakistan-Tarihi-Tural\u0131-T\u00fcrk Derektemeleri, II, 160-161.<br \/>\n15 Ts. Battulga, N. Gerelmaa. (2007). Doloogoidoin Gerelt H\u00f6\u015f\u00f6\u00f6nii Bi\u00e7ees. -Mongol Sudlal: MUIS, MKHSS, Erdem<br \/>\n\u015finjilgeenii Bi\u00e7ig, XXVII (285), XXXIII, UB, 262-267.<br \/>\n16 \u015e\u00e7erbak, A. M. (2001). Ulangomskaya nadpisi,-Tyurkskaya runika. Sankt-Peterburg, 125-126.<\/p>\n<p>17 Epigrafik Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Grubunda Ts. Battulga, Y. Jan\u00e7iv, N. Gerelmaa, R. M\u00f6nkhtulga \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n18 R. M\u00f6nkhtulga, (2013). \u0130kh avin tuhai ertni negen barimt. Oyutnii Helhee, II (10), 20, 139-140.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Kaynaklar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ALYILMAZ, C. (2005). G\u00fcrbelcin (Gurvaljin Uul) Yaz\u0131t\u0131yla \u0130lgili Baz\u0131 D\u00fczeltmeler. Manas<br \/>\n\u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 13.<br \/>\nALYILMAZ, C. (2007). K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n \u0130zinde. Ankara: Karam Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<br \/>\nAYDIN, E. (2007). \u015eine Usu Yaz\u0131t\u0131. \u00c7orum: Karam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<br \/>\nAYDIN, E. (2011). Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131. Konya: K\u00f6men Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<br \/>\nAZZAYA, B. (2013). Orhon Bi\u00e7giin Dursgal V (Moyun\u00e7uriin Gerelt H\u00f6\u015f\u00f6\u00f6). -\u015eUA, X3X,<br \/>\nMongoliin Altay Sudlaa\u00e7d\u0131n Holboo XIV, Ulaanbaatar.<br \/>\nBAZILHAN, B. (1980). Terhiin T\u00fcreg Bi\u00e7ees. Studia Archaeologica, VII (15), 1-15.<br \/>\nBAZILHAN, B. (1980); Terhiin T\u00fcreg Bi\u00e7ees. Studia Mongolica, VIII (16), 12.<br \/>\nBAZILHAN, N. (2005). Doloodoin Bitiktas\u0131. Kazakistan-Tarihi-Tural\u0131-T\u00fcrk Derektemeleri, II,-<br \/>\nAlmat\u0131.<br \/>\nBOLD, L. (2000). Orkhon bi\u00e7giin dursgal II. Ulaanbaatar.<br \/>\nCLAUSON, S. G. (1962). Turkish and Mongolian Studies. London.<br \/>\n\u00c7A\u011eATAY, S. \u015e. (1943). Uygur Yaz\u0131 Dili. A.\u00dc. DTCFD, 1, 4.<br \/>\nDORJS\u00dcREN, Ts. (1957). Doloogoidoin Bul\u015f Ba T\u00fcnii Kh\u00f6sh\u00f6. \u015einjleh Uhaan Teknik, UB, 5-6.<br \/>\nGABA\u0130N, A. Von (1998). Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Yaz\u0131 Dili. TDAY-B, 1959, 311-32. (\u00e7ev. Sabit Payl\u0131),<br \/>\nGUM\u0130LYEV, L. N. (1963). Po Povodu-\u0130nterpretatsii-Ulankomskoi-Nadpisi,-SovetskayaArkheologya, \u21161, Moskva.<br \/>\nHAM\u0130LTON, J. R. (1975). Le colophon de I\u2019Irq Bitig. Turcica, Revue d\u2019\u00c9tudes Turques, 7, 7-19.<\/p>\n<p>HAM\u0130LTON, J. R. (1978). Sur deux pr\u00e9sages de I\u2019Irq Bitig. Quand le crible \u00e9tait dans la paille,<br \/>\n247-254.<br \/>\nHANENDA, A. ve YAMADA, N. (1961). A list of the manuscript remains in Uighur script<br \/>\npreserved in Ryukoku Library. In: Buddhist Manuscripts and secular documents of the<br \/>\nancient languages in Sentral Asia, Monumenta Serindica, 6, 29.<br \/>\nHARJAUBAY, S. (2002). Obiedinennyi kaganat tiurkov v 745-760 godakh. Astana.<br \/>\nHARJAUBAY, S. (2002). Perv\u0131i pamiatnik Eli-Etmi\u015f Bilge ka\u011fana (Tesinkaia stela).<br \/>\nObiedinenn\u0131i kaganat tiurkov v 745-760 godakh (po materialam runi\u00e7eskikh nadpisei),<br \/>\nAstana.<br \/>\nKLYA\u015eTORNIY, S. G. (1961). K \u0130storiografi\u00e7eskoi Otsenke-Ulangomskoi Nadpisi,-Epigrafika<br \/>\nVostoka 14. Moskva.<br \/>\nKLYA\u015eTORNIY, S. G. (1970). Ob izu\u00e7enii drevneuigurskikh pamiatnikov v SSSR.<br \/>\n\u0130ssledovania po uigurskomu iaz\u0131ku, 2, Alma-Ata.<br \/>\nKLYA\u015eTORNIY, S. G. (1980). Terkhinskaia nadpisi (predvaritelinaia publikatsia). Sovetskaia<br \/>\nTiurkologia, \u21163, Baku.<br \/>\nKLYA\u015eTORNIY, S. G. (1980). Tesinkaia stela (Predvaritelinaia publikatsia).<br \/>\nKLYA\u015eTORNIY, S. G. (2003). \u0130storya Tsenralinoi Azii \u0130 Pamyatniki-Runi\u00e7eskovo-Pisma.<br \/>\nSanktpetersburg.<br \/>\nMERT, O. (2009). \u00d6t\u00fcken Uygur D\u00f6nemi Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndan Tes, Tariat, \u015eine Us. Ankara: Belen<br \/>\nYay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<br \/>\nM\u00d6NKHTULGA, R. (2013). \u0130kh avin tuhai ertni negen barimt. Oyutnii Helhee, II (10), 20, 139-<br \/>\n140.<br \/>\nPERLEE, H. (1960). Taihir \u00c7uluu. I, IV. Ulaanbaatar,<br \/>\nPR\u0130TSAK, O. (1964). Zum Parallelismus im Altt\u00fcrkischen. Studia Orientalia, 28\/6, 1-8.<br \/>\nRAMSTEDT, G. \u0130. (1912). Kak b\u0131l naiden Selenginskii kameni. Trud\u0131 Troitskosavsko,<br \/>\nKhiakhtinskogo otdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Geografi\u00e7eskogo, ob\u015festva, IV, 1.<br \/>\nRAMSTEDT, G. \u0130. (1914). Perevod nadpisi Selenginskogo kamnia. Trud\u0131 TroitskosavskoKiakhtinskogo otdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Geografi\u00e7eskogo, ob\u015festva, XV, 1.<br \/>\nR\u0130NTCHEN. (1968). Les Dessigns Pictographiques Et Les \u0130nscriptions Sur Les Rochers Et Sur<br \/>\nLes Steles En Mongolie. Corpus Scriptorum Mongolorum, XVI, 1.<br \/>\nSAEK\u0130, Y. (1928). The Nestorian monument in China. Society for Promoting Christian<br \/>\nKnowledge.<br \/>\nSERTKAYA, O. F. (1992). G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Harfli Uygur Kitabelerinin T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi \u0130\u00e7erisindeki<br \/>\nYeri. T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Prof. Dr. Muharrem ERG\u0130N\u2019e Arma\u011fan, XXVIII\/ 1-<br \/>\n2, 325-334.<br \/>\n\u015eAGDARS\u00dcREN, Ts., (2001). Mongol\u00e7uud\u0131n \u00fcseg bi\u00e7giin tov\u00e7oon (\u00dcsegzuin sudalgaa).<br \/>\nBibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1, Centre for Mongol Studies, National University<br \/>\nof Mongolia, nemj zassan khoiordugaar khevlel.<br \/>\n\u015e\u00c7ERBAK, A. M. (1961). Nadpis Na Drevneuygurskom Yazike \u0130z Mongolii. Epigrafika<br \/>\nVostoka-14.<br \/>\n\u015e\u00c7ERBAK, A. M. (2000). Uygur Alfabesi Hakk\u0131nda. \u0130lmi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, 10, 189-194. (\u00e7ev. \u00d6.<br \/>\nTabaklar).<\/p>\n<p>\u015e\u00c7ERBAK, A. M. (2001). Ulangomskaya Nadpis. Tyurkskaya Runika, 120-126.<br \/>\n\u015e\u0130NEH\u00dc\u00dc, M. (1975). Tariat\u0131n orkhon bi\u00e7giin \u015fine dursgal. Studia Archaeologica, VI, 1.<br \/>\n\u015e\u0130NEH\u00dc\u00dc, M. (1977) Tesiin ertnii t\u00fcreg bi\u00e7eesiig dakhin niagtalsan ni. Arkheologiin sudlal,<br \/>\nVII, 9, Ulaanbaatar.<br \/>\n\u015e\u0130NEH\u00dc\u00dc, M. (1980). Orkhon-Selengiin runi bi\u00e7giin \u015fine dursgal. Arkheologiin sudlal, VIII, I.<br \/>\nTEK\u0130N, T. (1983). Kuzey Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki Yeni Bir Uygur An\u0131t\u0131: Taryat (Terhin) Kitabesi.<br \/>\nTTK-B, 46, 184, 795-838.<br \/>\nTEZCAN, S. (1981).T\u00fcrklerde Yaz\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve Geli\u015fimi. Harf Devriminin<br \/>\n50.\u2019nci Y\u0131l\u0131 Sempozyumundan Ayr\u0131bas\u0131m. Ankara: TTK Bas\u0131mevi.<br \/>\nTUGU\u015eAEVA, A. \u0130U. (2008). Tiurkskie runi\u00e7eskie pisimenn\u0131e pamiatniki iz Mongolii. Moskva.<br \/>\nTUGU\u015eEVA, L. \u0130u. (1978). Orkhono-tiurkskii i drevneuigurskii iaz\u0131ki, ikh skhodstvo i razli\u00e7ie.<br \/>\nTiurkologi\u00e7eskii sbornik.<br \/>\nVANDU\u0130, E. (1958). Uvsin-Khar-Usni-Gerelt-Kh\u00f6sh\u00f6. -\u015einjleh-Ukhaan-Tekhnik.<br \/>\nWATT, James C. Y. (2010). The world of Khubilai Khan: Chinese art in the Yuan Dynasty \/<br \/>\nJames C.Y. Watt; with essays by Maxwell K. Hearn &#8230; [et al.]. New York: Metropolitan<br \/>\nMuseum of Ar; New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 31, 44.<br \/>\nYAMADA, N., ZIEME, P., UMEMURA H., ODA, J. ve MORIYASU, T. (1993). Sammlung<br \/>\nUigurischer Kontrakte, Band I-III. Osaka University Press.<br \/>\nZ\u0130EME, P. (1986). Uygur Yaz\u0131s\u0131yla Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Uygur Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131na Dair D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler. TDAY-B,<br \/>\n1982-1983, 229-237.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4192\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"457\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a.png 457w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a-236x300.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4193\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/b-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"386\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/b-1.png 386w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/b-1-201x300.png 201w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4194\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/c.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"473\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/c.png 473w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/c-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4195\" src=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/e.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"488\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/e.png 400w, https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/e-233x300.png 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Tsend BATTULGA \u00d6zet 744-840 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen Uygurlara ait k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve uygarl\u0131k eserleri, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Erken d\u00f6nemlerinde runik yaz\u0131 sistemini kullanan Uygurlar, daha sonra Mani dininin de izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan ve So\u011fd yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan uyarlanan Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve resm\u00ee yaz\u0131 olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, runik yaz\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-kimligi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4190"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4198,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4190\/revisions\/4198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}