{"id":4175,"date":"2020-07-13T11:39:25","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T08:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4175"},"modified":"2020-07-13T11:39:25","modified_gmt":"2020-07-13T08:39:25","slug":"kirgiz-boylarinin-yeniseyden-cikarilmalari-ve-cografi-dagilimlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4175","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n Yenisey\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve Co\u011fraf\u00ee Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. MUSTAFA KALKAN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim merkezi meselesi bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tezlerle \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Yenisey-Altay, Sibir, Hakasya ve Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan b\u00f6lgede uzun d\u00f6nemler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hunlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Uygurlar d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sistematik bir g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131na tabi tutuldu\u011fu ve bu yerle\u015ftirme siyaseti sonucunda eski vatanlar\u0131m terk ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de\u011fil, Hunlar d\u00f6neminden itibaren Tiyan\u015fan (Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flan) b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya konulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Karahitaylann ve Mo\u011follar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lan ile son guruplarda Tiyan\u015fan b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n etnik yap\u0131lannda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/span><\/strong> Etnoloji, Yenisey, Mo\u011folistan, Tiyen\u015fan, Etnik Asimilasyon, Yerle\u015ftirme Politikas\u0131<\/p>\n

En eski T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden biri olan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Merkez\u00ee Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok kavimden daha erken d\u00f6nemlere dayanan k\u00f6kl\u00fc devlet kurma gelene\u011fine sahiptir. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 (uru\u011flar\u0131), Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda siyas\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini sa\u011flayarak hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesi verdikleri birlik alt\u0131nda, tek ka\u011fan\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 emniyete alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, d\u00f6nemlerde Hun uru\u011flar\u0131, \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ittifak olu\u015fturarak bir k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, en eski T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen \u0130skit uru\u011flar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rarak siyas\u00ee birli\u011fini tesis etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr1. Bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sebebiyle K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve hareketli seyrini takip etmek ilk d\u00f6nemlerde kolay olmu\u015f fakat s\u00fcrekli olarak di\u011fer kavimlerle m\u00fccadele halinde bulunan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, m\u00fccadeleleri kaybettikleri d\u00f6nemlerde farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fclmek ve g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinin co\u011fraf\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nceleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ittifak olu\u015fturan ve say\u0131 itibari ile Merkez\u00ee Asya\u2019n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k kavimlerinden biri olan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar erimi\u015flerdir. Siyas\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc par\u00e7alanan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre sonra tekrar bir araya gelebilmi\u015f ve bu sayede yeniden devletler kurabilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda, \u00f6zellikle karde\u015f T\u00fcrk devletleriyle yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra Mo\u011folistan\u2019a, Kuzey \u00c7in\u2019e ve bat\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n neden ve nas\u0131l bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn plan\u0131na tabi tutulduklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara s\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin hangi sahalar\u0131 i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tezlerine de\u011finilecektir. Kaynaklara (\u00c7in, Arap ve Fars) dayal\u0131 olarak bu tezler aras\u0131nda as\u0131l yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ortaya konulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n etnik par\u00e7alanma etaplar\u0131 incelenirken Hun, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygurlar d\u00f6neminde d\u00fczenlenen askeri seferlerin tamam\u0131 ele al\u0131nmadan, \u00f6nem arz edenleri \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminden itibaren hangi b\u00f6lgelerde zorla iskan edildiklerine2 ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk devletleri d\u00f6neminde nerelere yerle\u015ftirildiklerine de\u011finmemiz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri konusunda \u0130lm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar N. Ya. Bi\u00e7urin, M. A. Aristov, V.V. Radlof, \u00c7. \u00c7. Velihanov, A. \u0130. Lev\u015fin, A. Vamberi, N. \u0130. Gredekov, A. N. Bem\u015ftam, S. V. Kisilev, L. R. Kizlasov, Yu. S. Hudyakov, K. \u0130. Petrov, A. K. Mar\u011fulan, A. N. Kononov, S. E. Malov, B.D. Camg\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nov, S. M. Abramzon, \u00d6. Karayev, V. M. Ploskih, A. M. Mokeyev3, P. Semyanov, N. L. Zeland, A. A. Divayev, \u0130. V. Mu\u015fketov, A. Golubev ve M. Veny\u0131\u0131kov\u2019dur. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, konunun uzmanlar\u0131 olarak K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinin yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 olan Yenisey sahas\u0131 ve Tiyen\u015fan (Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131) b\u00f6lgesi ile ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli fikirler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 objektif kriterleri kullan\u0131rken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6nemindeki bask\u0131lar sonucunda \u00f6zellikle fizik\u00ee antropologlar\u0131n, arkeologlar\u0131n ve etnologlar\u0131n (materyallerin \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile) y\u00f6nlendirmeleri ile ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tezleri savunma mecburiyetinden dolay\u0131 bu \u015fekilde hareket ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr4. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra durum de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f gen\u00e7 K\u0131rg\u0131z tarih\u00e7ileri-arkeologlar\u0131 Prof. Dr. T. \u00c7orotegin, Do\u00e7. Dr. A. Mokeyev, K. Tabaldiyev, D. Saparaliyev, T. Asanov, T. Bey\u015fenaliyev, M. Kocabekov gibi bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 orijinal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ne\u015fretmeye ve ideolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmeden yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. AvrupalI ve T\u00fcrk ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, S.S.S.R d\u00f6nemine ait her eseri okurken tedbirli olarak okumakta her an, her tahlile ideolojik de\u011ferlendirme girer korkusu ile kulland\u0131klar\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yorumlayarak kullanmaktad\u0131rlar5. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra yaz\u0131lan makale ve kitaplar rahatl\u0131kla okunabilmekte ve kriterlerdeki objektif aray\u0131\u015flar dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihi ile ilgili olarak, \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zengin bilgiler ihtiva etmektedir. \u00c7inli tarih\u00e7iler \u00f6zellikle co\u011fraf\u00ee yak\u0131nl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bilgi vererek, do\u011fudan ve bat\u0131dan gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lar sebebiyle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 tan\u0131ma mecburiyetini hissetmi\u015flerdir. Bu mecburiyet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda farkl\u0131 s\u00fclale tarihleri, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n tarihi ve sosyal ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok bilgi vermektedir. Fakat bir s\u00fcre sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n co\u011fraf\u00ee mekanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri ve Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybetmeleri ile, \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar hakk\u0131nda zamanla y\u0131ll\u0131klardaki bilgiler azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinde, di\u011fer T\u00fcrk kavimleri ile yap\u0131lan \u015fiddetli m\u00fccadelelerin ilki Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemine aittir. Uzun s\u00fcre Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde hakim olan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7 toplamaya ba\u015flayan Hun boylar\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyet alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltm\u0131\u015f ve kendi co\u011fraf\u00ee sahalar\u0131na girmemeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7inli alim V\u0131n \u015e\u0131n, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, “M.\u00d6. 11. as\u0131rda eski Dinlingler ve Uysun (Wusun) boylar\u01316 ile birlikte Hun hakimiyetine son vererek Hunlar\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye mecbur b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr” diye yazmaktad\u0131r7.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerde bunu ba\u015faran K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, daha sonra \u00f6zellikle Teoman (Duman) d\u00f6neminde yava\u015f yava\u015f te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan Hun gruplar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren devam eden m\u00fccadelenin seyri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, m\u00fccadeleler her iki taraf\u0131n da ac\u0131mas\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafyada, hakim olma ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc devam ettirebilme mecburiyetinin boy birli\u011finin sosyal ve ekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama durumuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilen budun beyleri kendilerine en yak\u0131n olan boylara bile sald\u0131rmakta teredd\u00fct etmemi\u015flerdir. Hele hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesinin farkl\u0131 bir kavimle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sava\u015f\u0131n hangi boyutlarda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. Bu d\u00f6nemde, Hun boylar\u0131 say\u0131 itibariyle K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131ndan azd\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Teoman’\u0131n o\u011flunun tahta ge\u00e7mesi ve Hun birli\u011fini tam anlam\u0131 ile tesis etmesi \u00fczerine Merkez\u00ee Asya’da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fccadele ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Hun Ka\u011fan\u0131 Mete, di\u011fer kavimleri (Tung-hu, Y\u00fce\u00e7hi, Wusun vd) y\u00f6netim alt\u0131na ald\u0131ktan sonra hemen K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00fczerine y\u00f6nelecektir8. Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 kontrol edildikten sonra daha da kuzeyde bulunan Hakaslar\u0131n-Abakan ve AltayK\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n da bu d\u00f6nemde, Hun hakimiyeti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olma ihtimalleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

“209 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mete \u015eanyu\u2019nun Gegunlar\u0131 (K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131) Yenisey, Angar\u0131, Abakan nehri boylar\u0131nda yenilgiye u\u011fratarak hakimiyeti alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaynaklar zikretmektedir. Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n Hangay-Altay da\u011flar\u0131 sahas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan arkeolojik
\nkaz\u0131lar da eski zamanlardan beri K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Mo\u011folistan b\u00f6lgesinde yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r9. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131, Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri farkl\u0131 olaylar sebebiyle vermi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Ban Gu\u2019nun tarih\u00ee-co\u011fr\u00e2f\u00ee malumatlar\u0131nda “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n (Tsyankunlar\u0131n) do\u011fuda 7.000’li uzakl\u0131kta Hunlar\u0131n \u015fany\u00fclerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ordalar\u0131nda yerle\u015ftikleri zikredilmektedir.”10 Bu kaynaklar sayesinde Hun \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgelerde yerle\u015ftikleri tespit edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n tarihi seyir i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en zorlu ve m\u00fccadeleli d\u00f6nemleri, Asya tarihinde sadece Mo\u011fol devletlerinin kurulu\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f seyirleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labi lir. \u0130ki kavmin ayn\u0131 co\u011fraf\u00ee mekan\u0131 payla\u015fmas\u0131, verilen m\u00fccadelenin de \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fanmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir. Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fayabilmek ve boylar\u0131n mai\u015fetini (ge\u00e7inebilmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan yiyece\u011fi) temin edebilmek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alan dahilinde tek g\u00fc\u00e7 olma mecburiyeti, T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n bazen di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na bazen K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrklerine sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 mekan i\u00e7inde gerek otlak alanlar\u0131, gerekse k\u0131\u015flak b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in verilen hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesi tarihin \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerinde K\u0131rg\u0131zlarla, di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmi\u015ftir. Yine bu sebepler dahilinde her seferinde Hun birlikleri K\u0131rg\u0131zlara sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Bagatur-Batur-Bahad\u0131r Tengrikut Mete, M.\u00d6. 202 y\u0131l\u0131nda Baykal \u015fehrindeki Do\u011fu Uygurlar\u0131 ile Yenisey nehrinin yukar\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131ndaki K\u0131rg\u0131z Acolu\u011fu\u2019na sefer d\u00fczenleyerek ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.”11 Bu bask\u0131n hareketlerinden sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar
\nyenilgiye u\u011framalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Hun birliklerinin K\u0131rg\u0131z topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra tekrar Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmi\u015f ve hakimiyetlerini kabullenmemi\u015flerdir. Bu da Hun birliklerini, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 \u00fczerine defaatle sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleme mecburiyeti ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tekrar “M.\u00d6. 129 y\u0131l\u0131nda Han S\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminde Hunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015flar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131 M.\u00d6. 127 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ding Ling boylar\u0131, Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 ile birlikte kuzey taraftan Hunlara sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek K\u0131rg\u0131zlarla birlikte bu esaretten kurulmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r… Fakat M.\u00d6. 99 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hunlar, K\u0131rg\u0131z ve Ding Ling topraklar\u0131na girerek hakimiyetlerini tekrar tesis etmi\u015flerdir…”12 Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmekte ve Hun birlikleri belirli bir s\u00fcre sonra sefer mevsimine kadar yeniden haz\u0131rl\u0131k yaparak tekrar K\u0131rg\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mektedirler. Bu m\u00fccadelelerin en \u015fiddetlilerinden birinde “M.\u00d6. 54 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tengrikut \u00c7i\u00e7i, Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irerek onlar\u0131n bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Ding Linglere daha a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe indirmi\u015ftir.”13<\/p>\n

Hun birliklerinin s\u00fcrekli olarak sefer d\u00fczenlemelerine, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sava\u015flarda b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara u\u011framalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen m\u00fccadeleler bitmemi\u015f ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar tekrarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hunlar isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in asker\u00ee garnizon sistemi ile belirli say\u0131da askeri, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim sahalar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirerek kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa da sonu\u00e7 alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra tekrar toparlanan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, Hun askerlerine sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve az say\u0131daki asker\u00ee birlikleri yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Hun ka\u011fanlar\u0131 sonunda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde
\nserbest, d\u0131\u015f i\u015flerinde Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve vergi \u00f6deyen bir kavim durumuna getirmi\u015flerdir. Fakat Hun \u00fclkesi ile K\u0131rg\u0131z \u00fclkesi aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin uzak olmas\u0131 ve sefer d\u00fczenleme zorluklar\u0131 sebebiyle bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmde istenilen sonucu vermemi\u015ftir. Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu\u2019nun sol kanad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan tigin, bazen bu K\u0131rg\u0131z isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131ramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine Hun birlikleri tekrar merkezden destek birlik g\u00f6nderme mecburiyetini benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

“M.\u00d6. 51 ve 36 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7i\u00e7i Tengrikut, Yenisey b\u00f6lgesine tekrar sefer d\u00fczenleyerek … K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 yine Hunlara tabi hale getirmi\u015ftir.”14 Bu m\u00fccadelede de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar bir darbe daha yemi\u015f ancak yine Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu\u2019na tam olarak ba\u011flanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ile yeniden canlanmaya ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toparlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri Hunlar\u0131n hakim olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131rg\u0131z boy birlikleri M.S. 1. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda hakim unsur haline gelmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir
\nk\u0131sm\u0131 Yenisey taraflar\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir15. Hunlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybetmeleri ve ikiye ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan sonra durum de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 tekrar toparlanarak da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde olan Hun boylar\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcre devam eden Hun bask\u0131s\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde intikam\u0131 al\u0131narak K\u0131rg\u0131z topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen Hun boylar\u0131 buralardan s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu’nun alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tedbirlerden biri de, yap\u0131lan sava\u015flardan sonra yenilen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirmek olmu\u015ftur. Bu sayede, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 bir daha g\u00fc\u00e7 toplay\u0131p Hun birliklerine sald\u0131ramaz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile hareket edilmi\u015ftir fakat bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm K\u0131rg\u0131z kavminin tarihi seyir i\u00e7inde millet olma ve tarihi geli\u015fim seyrini tamamlama s\u00fcrecinde b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar g\u00f6rmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde Mo\u011folistan’a, Kuzey \u00c7in’e ve bat\u0131ya (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Yedisu ve Fergana vadisi sahas\u0131na) s\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u0131rg\u0131zlar (k\u00f6le olanlar da dahil)16 Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu zay\u0131flay\u0131nca tekrar topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f beklenildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f, \u00e7ok uzun mesafeleri kat etme ve yolda sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frama korkusu ile baz\u0131 boylar yeni yerlerinde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminden itibaren K\u0131rg\u0131zlar iki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nem, K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi gibi, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00e7ok sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de\u011fil de\u011fi\u015fik T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 Hun, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur devletleri d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutulmu\u015f ve
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yava\u015f yava\u015f kaymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle IX. ve X111-X1V. as\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6\u00e7 d\u00f6nemi oldu\u011funu savunarak, Mo\u011fol bask\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7e mecbur ettikleri \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu geni\u015f kitlelerin hareketi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru bir tespittir ama b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 Mo\u011follar d\u00f6neminde Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 sahas\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131ya ve farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi\u011fini bunu da Hun, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur Devletlerinin organize bir \u015fekilde zamana yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n tekrar
\ntoparland\u0131klar\u0131 ve Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan boylar\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek hakimiyeti uzun s\u00fcrmese de bir “Acoluk” ihdas ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Bu Acolu\u011fun kurulu\u015fu ile ilgili farkl\u0131 tarihler vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, net bir tarih \u00fczerinde anla\u015famasalar da bu devletin M.S. V. as\u0131rda kuruldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise \u0131srarla VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r. “… Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda (M.S. 487) kurulmu\u015f olsa gerektir. Yak\u0131n tarihlerde di\u011fer taraftan da Kangl\u0131lar hakimiyetlerini tesis ederek g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f aradan uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7meden Pamir\u2019in bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131ndan gelen Ef\u00eetalitler taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…”17<\/p>\n

Bu ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre devam ettirilememesi ve Eftalit (Ak Hun) Devleti\u2019nin, K\u0131rg\u0131z topraklar\u0131na girmesi ile k\u0131sa s\u00fcre hakimiyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilen Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Acolu\u011fu (baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir boylar birli\u011fi \u015feklinde
\nde\u011ferlendirmekte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hanl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rmemektedir) yine ba\u015fka bir T\u00fcrk devleti taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eftalitlerin hakimiyeti de uzun s\u00fcrmeyecek ve bir s\u00fcre sonra bu devletin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dahil olacakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6rnekleri verilen G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk tarihi d\u00f6nemindeki asker\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 bunu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. Hun Tanr\u0131 kut-lu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle M. S. 200’l\u00fc y\u0131llardan itibaren Merkez\u00ee Asya’da belirgin bir siyas\u00ee bo\u015flu\u011fun olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve bir s\u00fcre sonra bu bo\u015flu\u011fu, Hsien-pilerin torunlar\u0131 olan Mo\u011fol k\u00f6kenli Juan-juanlar\u0131n doldurdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r18. Yu. S. Hudyakov’un tespitine g\u00f6re: “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n M.S. VI. as\u0131rda Teleler (T\u2019i ele) ile Juan-juanlarla (C\u00fccenler) yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu
\nm\u00fccadeleler sonucunda Yenisey b\u00f6lgelerinden g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ihtimali bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir”19. Juan-juanlar\u0131n hakimiyetine son veren G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde bu co\u011frafyada yerini ald\u0131ktan sonra K\u0131rg\u0131z-G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk m\u00fccadelesinde de\u011fi\u015fen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmayacak, \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar devam edecektir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fan\u0131 Mukan Ka\u011fan M.S. 554 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fuya do\u011fru sefer d\u00fczenledikten sonra “… kuzeye sefer d\u00fczenleyerek Orhon, Tula, Selanga nehirleri b\u00f6lgesinde ve Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 (metinlerdeki okunu\u015f \u015feklinin C \u2019hi-ku \u015fekliyle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa \u00c7ikleri mi ifade etti\u011fi sarih de\u011fildir) tabi hale getirmi\u015ftir”20. Fakat K\u0131rg\u0131zlar bu yenilgiye ra\u011fmen G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk hakimiyetini kabul etmeyip di\u011fer kavimlerle G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na girince tekrar “562 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Acolu\u011fu, Mukan Ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildikten sonra y\u00fcksek miktarda vergi \u00f6deyerek boyun e\u011fip varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tabi stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde koruyabilmi\u015ftir”21. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren kaynaklarda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n kay\u0131plar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re rakamlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00e7ok say\u0131da asker kaybetmelerine ve esir vermelerine ra\u011fmen G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direni\u015f sergilemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

“581 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi, Orta Asya\u2019da \u00f6nceleri Usunlar\u0131n-Wusunlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler olan Yedi Su b\u00f6lgesidir… Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi, Iss\u0131k K\u00f6l\u2019\u00fcn g\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndaki K\u0131z\u0131l \u00dcnk\u00fcr\u2019e yak\u0131n yerlerdedir”22. Ayr\u0131ca, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nm ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6zellikle bu kanad\u0131n (On Ogurlar ve T\u00f6lesler) ba\u015f\u0131na \u0130stemi Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n getirilmesi ve Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n23 \u0130pek yolunun ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan K\u0131rg\u0131z topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk devletlerinin bu b\u00f6lgeye verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemi g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Acolu\u011fu, 562-581 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. “Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk
\nKa\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ve y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Do\u011fu G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan boylar, Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Tan S\u00fclalesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri bozmu\u015ftur”24. Bu tarihlerden sonra (581-582) ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnen G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131flay\u0131nca K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 tekrar uygun zaman\u0131 bularak isyan etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezinde meydana gelen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar sebebi ile h\u0131zla bu olaylara m\u00fcdahale edilememi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7inde m\u00fcdahale edilen ana kadar K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015flerdir. 646 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131, Do\u011fu G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 olu\u015fturan boylar\u0131n hakimiyetinden kurtulmu\u015ftur”25.<\/p>\n

648 y\u0131l\u0131nda da K\u0131rg\u0131zlar Tang imparatoruna hediyelerle birlikte el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. \u00c7in imparatoru Kao-tsung da K\u0131rg\u0131zlara el\u00e7ilik heyeti g\u00f6ndererek mukabe lede bulunmu\u015ftur. “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00c7in\u2019e \u00fc\u00e7 kez el\u00e7ilik heyeti g\u00f6ndererek adeta m\u00fcstakilbir devlet gibi hareket etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r”26. “648 y\u0131l\u0131nda Altay da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Ch\u2019e pi Ka\u011fan, Karluk ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 kendine ba\u011flamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Fakat \u00c7inliler bu boylarla beraber di\u011fer boylar\u0131 da isyana te\u015fvik ederek bu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa son verdiler\u201d27.<\/p>\n

Birinci G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile \u0130kincisinin tesisi aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ama tam anlam\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ka\u011fanl\u0131k kurmaya f\u0131rsat bulamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00fczerine yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinin en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde h\u00fck\u00fcmran olan s\u00fclaleler ile kan ba\u011f\u0131 tesis etme ve T\u00fcrk ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bir m\u00fcttefik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin, K\u0131rg\u0131zlara yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc daha da art\u0131rmakta ve \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan tedirginlik sebebi ile K\u0131rg\u0131zlar her seferinde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r28. \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in Hun-G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcne K\u0131rg\u0131zlar vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile darbe indirme hedefinin alt\u0131nda yatan di\u011fer bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de her iki taraf\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. 696-697\u2019li y\u0131llarda Kapgan Ka\u011fan Yenisey sahas\u0131nda hakimiyet tesis etmek isteyen K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00fczerine sefer d\u00fczenledi ve An\u0131 \u0130rma\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde hanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc29. Fakat K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 bunu tam olarak anlayamamakta belki de, bu oyunu her seferinde bilerek kabullenmektedirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda, \u00c7in el\u00e7ilik heyetleri K\u0131rg\u0131zlara gelmemi\u015f, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toplad\u0131klar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na sald\u0131rabilecekleri d\u00f6nemlerde heyetler g\u00f6nderilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“706-710 y\u0131l\u0131nda, II. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti d\u00f6neminde Kapgan Ka\u011fan ve K\u00fcltigin asker g\u00f6ndererek K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve K\u0131rg\u0131z ka\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 gece uykuda bast\u0131rarak ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kestirmi\u015ftir.”30 Bilge Ka\u011fan (tiginlik d\u00f6nemide dahil olmak \u00fczere) y\u00f6netimde bulundu\u011fu 19 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde K\u0131rg\u0131z \u00fclkesine yirmi be\u015f kez sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.31 \u0130kinci G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra yine bir T\u00fcrk kavmi olan Uygurlar hakimiyeti ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f fakat T\u00fcrk-K\u0131rg\u0131z m\u00fccadelesinde hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler, Hun ve G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddeti ile devam etmi\u015f, Uygur Devleti hakimiyetini tesis eder etmez \u00f6ncelikli olarak K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00fczerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemeye ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 hakimiyet alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygur Devleti\u2019nin, kurulu\u015funun daha ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda (752) K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, \u00c7iklerle ve \u00dc\u00e7 Karluklarla ittifak olu\u015fturarak Uygurlara a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe vurma giri\u015fimine y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d32.<\/p>\n

745 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uygur Devleti kurulduktan sonra 758 y\u0131l\u0131nda ka\u011fan Moyun\u00e7ur (Kara Ka\u011fan) asker sevk ederek K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir33. Uygurlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimindeki s\u00fclale de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda da K\u0131rg\u0131zlar etkin rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 800-805 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yine Uygurlar\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zlara b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe indirdikleri, vadiler dolusu \u00e7ok say\u0131da at, \u00f6k\u00fcz ve koyun ele ge\u00e7irdikleri g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr34. “Ay Tengri Han. 810 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yenisey nehrinin yukar\u0131 kesiminde ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131zlara asker\u00ee sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00f6nceleri bu hakimiyeti kabullenmi\u015fseler de sonradan tabiiyeti kabul etmemi\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.”35 “Kogu Ka\u011fan (Alp K\u00fcl\u00fck-Hu T \u2019e-le Ka\u011fan)36 (M.S. 832-839) d\u00f6neminde Uygur Devleti\u2019nde birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck olay ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f… bu durumdan faydalanan K\u0131rg\u0131z ka\u011fan\u0131 Ya\u011flakar Han, 836 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uygur Devleti\u2019nin hakimiyetini tan\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”37.<\/p>\n

Belirtilen tarihlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Uygurlar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlara defaatle sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f38 fakat iki tarafta nih\u00e2\u00ee m\u00fccadeleyi ancak 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda neticelendirebilmi\u015ftir. Uygur Devleti d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen sald\u0131r\u0131larda b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar verdiriH i\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar belirli bir s\u00fcre Uygur hakimiyetini kabullenmi\u015fse de devletin. lamas\u0131 ile birlikte hemen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015flerdir. Hatta Uygur Devlet\u0131\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7eride de komutanlar\u0131 Uygurlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak ittifak olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve Uygur Devleti\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 839 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra “Ald\u0131zlar boyundan \u00e7\u0131kan asker\u00ee vezir K\u00fcl\u00fck Baga, Yenisey nehri boyunda meskun olan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar aras\u0131na ka\u00e7arak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f daha sonrada onlar\u0131 isyana te\u015fvik ederek K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tekin\u2019in hakimiyetine son vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”39.<\/p>\n

840 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Uygur Devleti\u2019ne en son darbeyi indirdikten sonra kendilerine uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 sert tedbirlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek amac\u0131yla Uygur ba\u015fkentine girilmi\u015f ve Uygur ka\u011fan\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten sonra art\u0131k hakimiyet b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde merkezi co\u011frafyada K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve kademe kademe Uygur boylar\u0131 (Karluklara) bat\u0131ya Kara\u015far, Turfan, Kansu ve Karakitaylar\u0131n aras\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar daha sonra Do\u011fuda Baykal, G\u00fcneydo\u011fuda \u00c7in ve Kansu b\u00f6lgesine, G\u00fcneybat\u0131da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131na, Kuzeybat\u0131da \u0130rti\u015f ve Tom \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vadilere ve Altay da\u011flar\u0131 istikametinde…” topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r40. Bu m\u00fccadelelerde, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn gelmelerine ra\u011fmen demografik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcney Mo\u011folistan ve Yenisey boylar\u0131nda azalmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile, di\u011fer boylar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk devletlerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan b\u0131karak kendi istekleri ile farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015fen boylarda di\u011fer boylara dahil edildi\u011finde, bu co\u011frafyada K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ad\u0131na hareket ederek g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilecek asker\u00ee gurubun kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nem \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Prof. Dr. A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u2019a g\u00f6re ise, “Uygurlara indirilen 840 darbesi sonras\u0131nda aradan 50-60 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ince K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Karakitaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fccadeleyi kaybederek esas b\u00f6lgelerine Yenisey sahas\u0131na d\u00f6nmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6t\u00fcken b\u00f6lgesi ise K\u0131taylar\u0131n (K\u0131tan-Liao) eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir”41. Hunlar d\u00f6neminden itibaren bat\u0131ya do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunan Tung-hu, Wuhuan (baz\u0131 Man\u00e7u kavimleri de i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r), Hsien-pi ve Juanjuan boy birliklerinin a\u011f\u0131r yenilgilere u\u011frayarak Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine \u00e7ekildikleri bilinmektedir. Art\u0131k bu f\u0131rsat Mo\u011fol kavimleri i\u00e7in do\u011fmu\u015f ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131na engel olacak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sergiledi\u011fi bu direni\u015f, as\u0131rlard\u0131r bulundu\u011fu co\u011fraf\u00ee mekan\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak istilaya u\u011framas\u0131 ve di\u011fer kavimler taraf\u0131ndan bir ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesi \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen tepkidir. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk-K\u0131rg\u0131z m\u00fccadelesinin \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plarla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 sebebiyle bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesi o d\u00f6neme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. Nihayet bu m\u00fccadelenin 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda42 son bulmas\u0131yla beraber K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, sava\u015f silsilelerine son vererek Uygur boylar\u0131n\u0131n (15 boy kadar) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Merkez\u00ee Asya\u2019dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Ama K\u0131rg\u0131zlar bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flayana kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vermi\u015f ve M.\u00d6\u2019ki d\u00f6nemlerde n\u00fcfus itibariyle sahip olduklar\u0131 demografik avantaj\u0131 kaybetmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi \u00fczerine, i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan ve belirli bir asker\u00ee say\u0131ya sahip olan Mo\u011fol boylar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k \u00f6nlerindeki iki engelin birbirini bertaraf etmesinden sonra bekledikleri co\u011frafyan\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Uygur boylar\u0131 ile yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 m\u00fccadeleleri kazanm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile n\u00fcfus y\u00f6n\u00fcyle b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak g\u00fc\u00e7 bulamam\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk devletlerinin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu stratejik hata sonucu uzun s\u00fcre Merkez\u00ee Asya, Mo\u011fol hakimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin-Uygurlar\u0131n, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeler, Kuzey \u00c7in (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilindedir) Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131-lss\u0131k K\u00f6l, Yedisu b\u00f6lgesi ve Mo\u011folistan (G\u00fcney Mo\u011folistan)\u2019d\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in da\u011f\u0131lan Uygur
\nboylar\u0131 \u00fczerine sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi ve Mo\u011folistan sahas\u0131nda meskun olan di\u011fer guruplar\u0131n Mo\u011fol boylar\u0131n\u0131n tahkirine maruz kalarak bat\u0131ya ka\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucunda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131-lss\u0131k K\u00f6l, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Yedi su sahas\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bat\u0131ya ka\u00e7an T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 yak\u0131n co\u011fraf\u00ee alanlara yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131zlarla tekrar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde bulunan Uygur boylar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak g\u00fc\u00e7leri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu kez K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Uygurlar\u0131 ve di\u011ferlerini daha da bat\u0131ya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ya da L. K\u0131zlasov\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine g\u00f6re “Merkez\u00ee Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131, 1X-X. as\u0131rlarda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Yenisey\u2019deki \u00fclkelerinin birli\u011fi i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdir”43. As\u0131rlar \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen planl\u0131 iskan politikas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk devletleri taraf\u0131ndan vatanlar\u0131ndan (Yenisey-G\u00fcney Mo\u011folistan) s\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u0131rg\u0131zlar bu kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 muameleyi di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na tatbik edeceklerdir. Bir s\u00fcre sonra zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015faran Mo\u011fol birlikleri, T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri (Yenisey, Ordos, \u00d6t\u00fcken, Ka\u015fgar, Balasagun ve di\u011fer merkezleri) ele ge\u00e7ireceklerdir. T\u00fcrk kavimleri (K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Karluklar, Tardu\u015flar, Tabga\u00e7lar, T\u00f6lesler vd) daha da bat\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri i\u00e7in, Mo\u011follar b\u00f6lgenin ele ge\u00e7irilmesinde fazla bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar “810-839 y\u0131llar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Yenisey nehrinin yukar\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir”44. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, bu tarihler aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kaynakta g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere halen daha Yenisey boylar\u0131ndad\u0131r. “K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hakimiyet alan\u0131 Mo\u011folistan\u2019dan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a kadar olan yerlerde s\u00fcregelmi\u015f ve 840 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 924\u2019e (K\u0131rg\u0131z Derjevas\u0131) kadar en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nmelerini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r”45. “\u0130ncelenen arkeolojik materyaller, toponomi ve runik yazmalar\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgileri do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Da\u011fl\u0131k Altay\u2019\u0131 hakimiyet alt\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve M.S. 1X-X. as\u0131rlarda K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n topraklar\u0131na dahil edildi\u011fi art\u0131k \u015f\u00fcphe sizdir.”46 R. Klaprot\u2019a g\u00f6re, bu tarihlerden sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybetmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca “970 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131z han\u0131 ordas\u0131n\u0131 (ba\u015fkentini-karargah\u0131n\u0131)
\nMo\u011folistan\u2019dan Tuva\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”47.<\/p>\n

E. K\u0131\u00e7anov ve T. Bey\u015fenaliyev, “K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Merkez\u00ee Asya’daki T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sonu olmu\u015ftur. Fakat K\u0131rg\u0131z y\u00f6netimi b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir. X. asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00ee\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan denen otonom b\u00f6lgelerde,
\n\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin topraklar\u0131nda Karakitay Devleti kurulmu\u015ftur. Karakitaylar. X. asr\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011fol Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tesir olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r”48. Karakitaylar\u0131n, K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hakimiyetine sona vermesiyle birlikte K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n etno-sosyal toparlanma s\u00fcreci b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6recek ve K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 birbirinden binlerce kilometre uzaklara g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalacaklard\u0131r. Karakitay hakimiyeti d\u00f6nemi, Hun, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur Devleti’nden sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar i\u00e7in en k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00f6nem olmu\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde T\u00fcrk
\nka\u011fanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra toparlanma \u015fans\u0131 yakalayan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylan bir daha Yenisey co\u011frafyas\u0131nda yerle\u015fememi\u015flerdir. Ka\u0131akitaylar tam olarak hakimiyet tesis edip s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek \u00f6ncelikli olarak 16 daha sonrada 55 ayma\u011f\u0131 (b\u00f6lgeyi) hakimiyetleri alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. “X. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Karakitaylar\u0131n hakimiyeti iyice peki\u015fmi\u015f, bunun neticesinde de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bu gruplar\u0131 Mo\u011folistan\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130rti\u015f\u2019in etraf\u0131nda, Cungarya\u2019da Kai (Kay) boyu yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Kimek Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunun i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkistan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 kuzey
\nb\u00f6lgelerinden Kailer ile Kimeklere kom\u015fu olmu\u015flard\u0131r”49.<\/p>\n

Yu. Hudyakov, “Merkez\u00ee Asya tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n Karakitaylar taraf\u0131ndan hakimiyet alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131yla K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n etnik birli\u011fi ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sayan-Altay\u2019da ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. X. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131, Turfan Uygurlarfn\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r”50 demektedir. Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bu ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011fa tabi olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da K\u0131rg\u0131z boyu, Yenisey\u2019den ve Altay b\u00f6lgesinden \u0130li nehri, Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131, Tala\u015f, Iss\u0131k K\u00f6l b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7. ederek buradaki di\u011fer akrabalar\u0131yla bir araya gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren \u2018Tiyan\u015fan\u2019 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 diye isimlendirilen etnik grup say\u0131 itibariyle zamanla \u00e7o\u011falmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karakitay darbesinin, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131ya s\u00fcrmesiyle beraber \u00f6nceden gelen (K\u0131rg\u0131z k\u00f6kenli) boylar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer boylar (yerli unsurlar) kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir birlik tesis edilm i\u015ftir5I. Yava\u015f yava\u015f K\u0131rg\u0131z ad\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer Asyenik k\u00f6kenli kavimleri de i\u00e7ine alarak etno-politonim olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KIRGIZLARIN YERLE\u015e\u0130M B\u00d6LGELER\u0130: YEN\u0130SEY VE TANRI DA\u011eLARI SAHASI<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7in, Arap, Fars ve Roma kaynaklar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgiler vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, farkl\u0131 tarihlerde gerek devlet adam\u0131, gerek t\u00fcccar gerekse seyyah olarak bu b\u00f6lgelerde bulunup mevcut co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri ile birlikte, kavimler hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r’2. Verilen bilgiler, bir\u00e7ok kavmin yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin di\u011fer kaynaklar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak tespitinde \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, \u00c7in’e yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 vc K\u0131rg\u0131z ak s\u00fcyeklerinin (y\u00f6neticilerinin) \u00f6nemli s\u00fclalelerin k\u0131zlar\u0131 ile evlenerek akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 tesis etmek i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00c7in saray\u0131na gidip gelmeleri sebebiyle vak\u2019an\u00fcvistler, bu te\u015frifat t\u00f6renlerinden bahsederken K\u0131rg\u0131zlar hakk\u0131nda da bilgi vermi\u015flerdir51. Bu sayede, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 tarihlerdeki n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerini
\ntespit etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Son d\u00f6nemlerde Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019den gelen de\u011ferli Kazak akademisyenlere, \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk tarihi ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin Kazak\u00e7a’ya terc\u00fcme ettirilmesi sayesinde baz\u0131 yeni bilgilere ula\u015fma \u015fans\u0131 yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r54. Gerek Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde gerekse de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00f6neminden sonra “Materyaller” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da da \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131z yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ile ilgili olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fclaleler d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerin nereler oldu\u011fu rahatl\u0131kla tespit edilebilmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re “Eski as\u0131rlarda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Komul, Ku\u00e7a’n\u0131n bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 ve Kara\u015fehir\u2019in do\u011fusunda ya\u015fa d\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmektedir”55. L. A. Borovkova, “M.S. I. asr\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, Dzosot\u0131n-Elisun \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131nda, Kara\u015far-Manas \u015fehri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde vd. yerlerde Boro-Horo da\u011f silsilesi \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131l\u0131r delillere dayal\u0131 olarak ortaya koymu\u015ftur”56. Han \u015eu’daki kay\u0131tlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Su S\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminden sonra “Altay\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde Yenisey nehrinin \u00fcst taraf\u0131ndaki yerlerde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde iki kez hanl\u0131k tesis ettikleri zikredilir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ilk hanl\u0131klar\u0131 51 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Hunlar\u0131n yenilgiye u\u011framaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemden M.S. III. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra S\u0131r-Tardu\u015flar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda, Siyen-pi T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin(?)57 hakimiyetinde, akabinde ise G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere t\u00e2b\u00ee olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir”58.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’de K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihi ile ilgili olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve son d\u00f6nemlerin \u00f6nde gelen tarih\u00e7ilerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Anvar Baytur da \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda, K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihi ile ilgili olarak \u00f6nem arz eden bir\u00e7ok bilgiyi g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r: “V. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda VI. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulduktan sonra g\u00fcc\u00fc, T\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde en etkili g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in bu devirde Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131, Pamir da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi ve Orta Asya topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk boyu, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan asimile edildikleri i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131z boyu olarak isimlendirilmi\u015flerdir…”59. VI. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekillendirmi\u015flerdir, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 do\u011fuda Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcne, g\u00fcneyde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a kadar geni\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131z etnograf\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7isi Prof. Dr. S. Attokurov, “Eski Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 VI. as\u0131rdan X. asra kadar tarihlenebilirler. Bu eski etnosun (etnik isimlendirme) \u00e7e\u015fitli boylardan bir araya geldi\u011fine bak\u0131lmadan genel bir co\u011frafyada (Yenisey\u2019den Baykal\u2019a Yedisu\u2019ya kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) yerle\u015fti\u011fi dili, yaz\u0131s\u0131, dini, takvimi, bayramlar\u0131 ve devlet damgas\u0131na L) \/ Vp sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr” demekte dir™. V. V. Bartold ise, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na IX-X. as\u0131rlarda Yenisey’den g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek geldiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Fakat daha sonraki y\u0131llarda ba\u015fka bir yerde \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r; “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Sayan’\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinden XIII. as\u0131rda Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 yere: birinci grup Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na, ikinci grup Min-Su\u2019ya, di\u011feri ise Sayan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr”01. Merkez\u00ee Asya ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler de de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fccadeleler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri, onlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren kaynaklar\u0131nda birbirinden \u00e7ok uzak olmasa da farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015f\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini do\u011furmu\u015ftur. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle yerle\u015fim sahalar\u0131m koruyabilmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden gelen kavimlerle m\u00fccadele halinde bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle meskun alanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde de asker\u00ee m\u00fccadele verme mecburiyeti ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde bulunan boylar, yabanc\u0131 seyyahlar\u0131 ve el\u00e7ileri yan\u0131ltm\u0131\u015f K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n hareket halinde oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler bazen K\u0131rg\u0131z yurdu olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

V. V. Bartold, \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131na dayanarak “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n X. as\u0131rda Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na ve Sincan\u2019a geldiklerini yazmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a ka\u00e7\u0131p gelen Uygurlar aras\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011funu, ikinci kez de bu taraflara K\u0131rg\u0131z askerlerinin sefer d\u00fczenledikten sonra kalarak yerle\u015ftiklerini yazmaktad\u0131r”62. Bartold\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgilerde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir, bu kadar farkl\u0131 sebeplerle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalan bir kavmin yerle\u015fim sahas\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilmek i\u00e7in tarih, tarihi co\u011frafya, arkeoloji, antropoloji (f\u0131zik\u00ee-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel), co\u011frafya, t\u00fcrkoloji, dil bilimi ve etnoloji gibi disiplinlerden her y\u00f6n\u00fc ile yararlanma mecburiyeti vard\u0131r. Aksi takdirde tarih disiplini bu problemi tek ba\u015f\u0131na ayd\u0131nlatamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine bu saha ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sebebiyle otorite olarak tan\u0131nan G. E. Grumm-Grjimaylo, “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na IX. as\u0131rda g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir fakat onlar\u0131n orta as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 ile etnik ba\u011flar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r demektedir\u201d61. Fakat bu teze kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 olan K\u0131rg\u0131z g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinden, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131na \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle \u00e7ok zor durumda kalan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmek mecburiyeti duymu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan bir kavmin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmenin hi\u00e7bir ilm\u00ee delili yoktur. Sadece b\u00f6lgelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 etnik guruplar\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131z etnik dokusu i\u00e7ine s\u0131zmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Yenisey b\u00f6lgesini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bo\u015faltt\u0131ktan sonra burada kalan di\u011fer boylar, yerli kavimlerle ya da Mo\u011fol-Man\u00e7u-Tunguz k\u00f6kenli boylarla kar\u0131\u015farak etnik asimilasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durumu da verilen bilgiler peki\u015ftirmektedir. Bartold\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re “B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcneybat\u0131da hi\u00e7bir K\u0131rg\u0131z\u2019\u0131n kalmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir”64. Barthold\u2019un kesin ifadeleri G. E. Grumm-Grjimaylo\u2019nun tezini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctse de, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bu co\u011frafyadan tamamen ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bug\u00fcn K\u0131rg\u0131zlara dil (k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri) y\u00f6n\u00fcyle b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik g\u00f6steren Hakas-Abakan-Altay dilini tarih\u00e7iler g\u00f6rmezlikten gelse bile acaba T\u00fcrkologlar bunu kabullenebilecek midir ? Ayn\u0131 dili, etnik yap\u0131y\u0131 ve sosyal ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 payla\u015fan Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 ile Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlan’n\u0131n farkl\u0131 kavimlerden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemenin hi\u00e7bir ilm\u00ee dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

B. Soltonoyev, “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n en eski yerle\u015fim sahalar\u0131; Yenisey nehri, Altay, Sayan, Tanr\u0131 da\u011flan, Pamir, Koton (Hotan) da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aralar\u0131nda yer alan alanlar ve nehir \u00e7evreleridir”65 \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. K. \u0130. Petrov, V. Mokr\u0131nin, S. G. Klya\u015ftorn\u0131y, \u00d6. Karayev, T. K. \u00c7oroyev, V. Ya. Butanayev, Yu. S. Hudyakov, Yu. \u0130. Trifonov ve A. M. Mokeyev, “G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n etno-geneti\u011finin merkezinin, IX. as\u0131rda Yenisey\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn meskun oldu\u011fu \u0130rti\u015f boylar\u0131, Kuzey ve Da\u011fl\u0131 Altay\u2019d\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda hem fikir olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedirler. X.-XII. as\u0131rlarda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar bu topraklarda ya\u015fasalar da sonradan Kimek-K\u0131p\u00e7ak k\u00f6kenli boylarla etno-siy\u00e2s\u00ee bir te\u015fekk\u00fcl olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. XII. as\u0131rdan sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinde neredeyse tamamen asimilasyona u\u011fray\u0131p yeni etnosa (etnik ada) K\u0131rg\u0131z ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenini te\u015fkil eden bu Altayl\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, XV. as\u0131rda Altay\u2019dan Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r6’1.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f alanlara do\u011fru yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n G\u00fcney Sibir\u2019de Yenisey, Min-Su b\u00f6lgesi, Sayan-Altay da\u011f silsileleri, \u0130rti\u015f boylan ve Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Iss\u0131k K\u00f6l, Tanr\u0131 da\u011flan ve Pamir-Alay
\nda\u011f silsilelerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bilinmektedir67. Bu b\u00f6lgelerle ilgili olarak bir\u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131 farkl\u0131 tezler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130leri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tezlerde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Karakitayiar ve Mo\u011follar d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgelere geldi\u011fidir. Fakat az da olsa baz\u0131 akademisyenler, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n daha eski d\u00f6nemlerde bu b\u00f6lgelere gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitan hakimiyetinden sonra bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ka\u00e7an K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131ndan az say\u0131da boy bu b\u00f6lgede kalm\u0131\u015f ve Karakitaylarla kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karakitay hakimiyetinin uzun s\u00fcrmemesi ve bir s\u00fcre sonra Mo\u011follar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye hakim olmas\u0131 ile68 K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131na bir darbe daha inecektir. Karakitayiar say\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede etnik olarak fazla bir etki olu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu darbe de di\u011ferlerini aratacak t\u00fcrdendir oysaki bat\u0131daki K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, Mo\u011fol hakimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131, Cengiz Han’\u0131n el\u00e7ilerini kabul edip tabiiyetlerini arz ettikleri i\u00e7in sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ama Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Karakitay gruplar\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyetini benimsemeleri sebebiyle, Mo\u011follar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalacak69 ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk devletlerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerdir70. Bu d\u00f6nemde Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim sahalar\u0131, Ra\u015fideddin\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re “… Kuzey-do\u011fuda ve do\u011fuda Angara ile Selanga\u2019d\u0131r, g\u00fcneyde Selenga\u2019dan \u0130rti\u015f\u2019e kadar Naymanlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131na (bu halk Bat\u0131 Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc halk olarak bilinir) \u0130ri, Bargut, Tumet ve Bayluk halklar\u0131n\u0131n hakim olduklar\u0131 yerlere kadar uzan\u0131r, BaykaPa yak\u0131n yerdeki Bargudcin-Tokum \u00fclkesindedir. Bu ad, Barguzin denen yerin ve suyun ad\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 muhafaza edilmi\u015ftir”71.<\/p>\n

Yenisey sahas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Mo\u011follar\u0131n bat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 kap\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in her seferinde bu b\u00f6lgeye geri d\u00f6nmeyi ba\u015faran K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 tekrar farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerdir. De\u011fi\u015fin tek \u015fey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeden s\u00fcren devletin ya da kavmin ad\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. “Yuan S\u00fclalesi’nin y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle birlikte (1271 y\u0131l\u0131) K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck guruplara ay\u0131r\u0131p 9.000 aileye b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 1.400\u2019lidir (bu da 700 km den geni\u015f bir yer demektir), asl\u0131nda bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131 kadard\u0131r. Tsyanhe nehri (Kem, Yukar\u0131 Yenisey) bu yerleri bi\u00e7erek ge\u00e7ip kuzey-bat\u0131ya akar. Kuzey-do\u011fudaki derya Yuysuy (Us ?) diye adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nehirlerin tamam\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Onlar Tsyan ile Ankara’ya kat\u0131l\u0131r ve kuzeydeki denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr”72.<\/p>\n

Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde bat\u0131da ya\u015fayan ve Tanr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 olarak bilinen gruplarda Mo\u011fol esareti alt\u0131nda kalacak ve b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in buralardan da s\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerdir. Bu kez
\nyine yo\u011fun olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden al\u0131narak muhtemel bir direni\u015f veya hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesine girmemeleri i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere veya Mo\u011fol hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda yer alan di\u011fer kavimlerin aralar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirileceklerdir. Kubilay d\u00f6neminde (K\u0131rg\u0131z topraklar\u0131 pay edilmi\u015ftir) bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hareketlerinde belirgin bir yo\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. “Zikredilen d\u00f6nemde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Oyratlara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Yenisey-\u0130rti\u015f nehirleri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeden Do\u011fu Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131ndaki Altay-Hangay da\u011f silsilelerini takip ederek g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ihtimali de vard\u0131r. Sava\u015f, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 her tarafa ac\u0131mas\u0131zca da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1275-1276 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir grubu isyan hareketine y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. \u0130syan hareketi bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Bat\u0131 Man\u00e7urya\u2019da 1277 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan yeni y\u00f6netim merkezinin ba\u015fkenti olan \u00c7cao\u00e7cou \u015fehrine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015flerdir”73.<\/p>\n

Hudyakov’un verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ikinci bir grubu ‘Hes\u0131he topraklar\u0131na’ Man\u00e7urya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yerine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015ftir. 1293 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015ei-tzu (Kubilay), Hes\u0131he topraklar\u0131na asker\u00ee s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak \u00c7cirhehusotayl\u0131k Tsirtstszisleri (K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131) 700 aile olarak yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu hareketlerin tamam\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenleri etnik olarak par\u00e7alay\u0131p farkl\u0131 yerlere da\u011f\u0131tarak gittikleri yerlerde kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”74. Mo\u011follar hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler veren Alaaddin Ata Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, bir\u00e7ok han\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 sebebiyle d\u00f6nemin olaylar\u0131na hakimdir.<\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol ordular\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 hangi b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirdikleri (1260 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar) Tarihi Cihan Gii\u015fa adl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck eserde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kta olsa verilmi\u015ftir75. Bartold\u2019un ifadelerine g\u00f6re, “Kubilay\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda 1293 y\u0131l\u0131nda yani \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Man\u00e7urya\u2019daki Nayan b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr”76. Mo\u011follar\u0131n, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirmelerini ve son kalan b\u00fcy\u00fck guruplar\u0131 da ba\u015fka kavimlerle kayna\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gitti\u011fi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r mac\u0131lar, bu noktadan hareketle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, bat\u0131ya Mo\u011follar d\u00f6neminde geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini benimsemi\u015flerdir. Zikredilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan biri de K. \u0130. Petrov’- dur. “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Yenisey\u2019den Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na kadar g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelmemi\u015flerdir tezini savunmaktad\u0131r. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenini
\nmeydana getirenler, Ob nehrinin ba\u015f taraflar\u0131ndan M.S. XI11-XIV. as\u0131rlarda Cengiz\u00eelerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda Mo\u011fol askerlerinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na getirilen Kimek-K\u0131rg\u0131z (K\u0131p\u00e7ak-K\u0131rg\u0131z) k\u00f6kenlilerdir”77.<\/p>\n

V. V. Bartold, L. N. Bern\u015ftam, L. K\u0131zlasov, \u00d6. Karayev, Yu. Hudyakov, Hu \u00c7jen Hua, “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 \u2018Ak da\u011flar\u0131n (Kun-lun) kuzeyinden Baykal\u2019a kadar olan yerler olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131rlar. Fakat Orta Asya\u2019da K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Hazar (Kaspiy) denizine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r78. Yine K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n co\u011frafi yerle\u015fim sahalar\u0131 konusunda N. Ya. Bi\u00e7urin, \u00c7. \u00c7. Velihanov ve A. K. Mar\u011fulan “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n eski d\u00f6nemlerden beri yerle\u015fim sahas\u0131 olan Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131, Pamir, Alay da\u011flar\u0131, lss\u0131k K\u00f6l \u00e7evresinde ve Orta Asya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131rlar”79.<\/p>\n

Kazaklar\u0131n etnik birliktelikleri direk olarak K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 ile yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 halinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z tarihinin co\u011fraf\u00ee yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri meselesine yak\u0131ndan ilgi duymu\u015f ve bu konuyu K\u0131rg\u0131zlar kadar dikkatle ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan-subaylardan biride \u00c7. \u00c7. Velihanov\u2019dur. Ona g\u00f6re; “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n eski sakinleridir, buraya \u00f6nceden yerle\u015fmi\u015f halklardand\u0131r, onlar Anciyan da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n Ka\u015fgar\u2019a kadar olan yerlerinde konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er olarak ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar”80. Mo\u011fol hakimiyetinin sona ermesiyle birlikte K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre bulunduklar\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er, yar\u0131 yerle\u015fik olarak ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ge\u00e7en zaman diliminde farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan di\u011fer K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 ile bir araya gelmenin yollar\u0131m aram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mo\u011follar\u0131n, T\u00fcrk kavimleri \u00fczerinde etkisinin zamanla yok olmas\u0131 ile, \u00e7e\u015fitli kavimler eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak yeniden ka\u011fanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tesis etmenin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zellikle Merkez\u00ee Asya\u2019da ya\u015fayan \u00e7ok say\u0131daki kavim, farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildikleri i\u00e7in di\u011fer kavimlerle kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bir etnik kompozisyon olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu etnik kompozisyonun i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kavimler yer alm\u0131\u015f ve eski d\u00f6nemlerde bu b\u00f6lgede meskun olan kavimler etnik a\u00e7\u0131dan hakim duruma gelememi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine mevcut co\u011frafyada bulunan kavimler yeni lunan kavimler yeni etnik birlikler olu\u015fturarak mevcudiyetlerini koruyup kendilerine sald\u0131ran d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee ittifak yapma yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bu boylar benzer \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in zaten bir s\u00fcre sonrada ister istemez sosyal kayna\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tezlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tarih disiplinine yerine ve d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc hatta daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck derecelerden materyal te\u015fkil eden s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden sanc\u0131ralar vard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcrden edeb\u00ee nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin di\u011fer kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda do\u011fruluk oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek olanlar\u0131n ihtiyatl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. Sanc\u0131rac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelenleri K\u0131rg\u0131z yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ile ilgili olarak (eski d\u00f6neme dayanan sanc\u0131ra bilgileri ile) \u00f6nemli bilgiler vermektedir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda sanc\u0131ra sanat\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu disiplin geli\u015fmi\u015f ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u2019dan \u00f6nemli \u015fecereciler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilgiler, saha uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kriti\u011fine tabi tutulduktan sonra mevcut bilgilerin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sanc\u0131rac\u0131lardan biride \u00dcs\u00f6y\u00fcn A cfd\u0131r, \u00c7ince.
\nArap\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve di\u011fer leh\u00e7eleri bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00f6zl\u00fc-yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklara rahatl\u0131kla inebilmi\u015ftir. Verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re: “Tarihi malumatlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim yerleri Yenisey\u2019dir. Yenisey ise \u2018say ve \u00e7ay\u2019 denen kelimelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak eski T\u00fcrk dilinde \u2018derya\u2019 anlam\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmL Yenisey\u2019e, Do\u011fu Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine ve da\u011f silsilesinin d\u0131\u015f taraflar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Az say\u0131daki di\u011fer bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de Tala\u015f, Buhara ve Karategin \u00e7evres nde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r”81.<\/p>\n

Yine \u00f6nde gelen K\u0131rg\u0131z sanc\u0131malar\u0131ndan Togolok Moldo\u2019nun a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak “K\u0131rg\u0131z eli diye isimlendirilen halk\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k gelene\u011fi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde her zaman mevcut olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler Kazan K\u00f6l\u2019de, Ak deniz (?) boyunda ve Altay da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Orhon deryas\u0131n\u0131n boyunda, \u0130rti\u015f suyu b\u00f6lgesinde, \u0130rti\u015f ve Orhon aras\u0131nda bulunan \u015eap\u015fak denen yerlerdedir”82. Kazaklar\u0131n son d\u00f6nemdeki \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fecerecisi \u015eekerim Kudayberdiul\u0131, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 ile Ala da\u011flar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir81. Son d\u00f6nemlerde K\u0131rg\u0131z sanc\u0131ralar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Esenkul T\u00f6rekano\u011flu, “K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na IX-XV. as\u0131rlarda Uygurlar\u0131 ve Kalmaklar\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131ktan sonra geldiler, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 XIV. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda buralarda yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir demektedir84.<\/p>\n

Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde kalan K\u0131rg\u0131z gruplar\u0131, Mo\u011follar\u0131n hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve her han d\u00f6neminde farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. “Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Hangay da\u011flar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Bu topraklarda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri \u2018K\u0131rg\u0131z K\u00f6l\u2019 vard\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131zlar \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplere binaen XIV. as\u0131rdan itibaren Hangay da\u011flar\u0131ndan Pamir ve Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na kadar g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r”85. Fakat K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirildikleri i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre sonra bu b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00fclt\u00fcrler i\u00e7inde yava\u015f
\nyava\u015f erimi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7a\u011fatay-\u00d6zbek k\u00fclt\u00fcr sahas\u0131na giren K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, g\u00fcneyde yerle\u015fik hayat\u0131 benimseme ve tar\u0131mla i\u015ftigal etme mecburiyetini duymu\u015flard\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Kuzey \u00c7in’de kalan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Uygurlar\u0131n (dil) ve
\n\u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkisine maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck gruplarda, K\u0131rg\u0131z. \u00d6zbek, K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Mo\u011fol gruplar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Alada\u011flar (Alatav) b\u00f6lgesinde kalm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra Kazak birli\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Iss\u0131k K\u00f6l-Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 bu m\u00fccadeleler s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, baz\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131 topraklar\u0131na geri getirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zay\u0131f olduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ise ya ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da kendi istekleriyle bu \u00fclkelerden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131z boylan, Hunlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler, Uygurlar, Karakitayiar ve Mo\u011follar d\u00f6neminde siyas\u00ee sebepler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilmesi sonucunda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, M. \u00d6. 209-208 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinden g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 uzun as\u0131rlar devam ettirilmi\u015f ve K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletleri taraf\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeye de\u011fil \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilerek demografik g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 engellenmi\u015ftir.
\nB\u00f6ylece K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bir daha Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olu\u015fturarak di\u011fer devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmesi engellenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131, di\u011fer devletlerin zay\u0131flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toparlayarak yeniden K\u0131rg\u0131z hakimiyetini kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ama bu durumu uzun s\u00fcre devam ettirememi\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin bat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lan bir kap\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle bir\u00e7ok devlet bu b\u00f6lgeden ge\u00e7erken K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fekilde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, T\u00fcrkler’den sonrada Karakitay ve Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinden s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131, Alada\u011flar, Iss\u0131k K\u00f6l ve Yedisu b\u00f6lgesinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bu kez de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar zikredilen b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 sahas\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 hakimiyet alt\u0131nda bulunduran devletler bu problemin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 bazen Kuzey \u00c7in\u2019e bazen G\u00fcney Mo\u011folistan\u2019a bazen de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00d6zbekistan-Kazakistan topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcrmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ana vatanlar\u0131 Yenisey b\u00f6lgesidir daha sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Tanr\u0131 da\u011flan b\u00f6lgesinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgede (Yedisu b\u00f6lgesi diye de bilinen) di\u011fer boylar\u0131 toparlam\u0131\u015f ve buralar\u0131 vatan olarak kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Fakat hi\u00e7bir zaman i\u00e7in Yenisey K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 ile Tanr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f kopmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde her iki taraftan da bir di\u011ferine (neredeyse \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na) g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Bu istiladan sonra Mo\u011fol kavimlerinin Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine baz\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 kendi istekleriyle bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Lokal olarak baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde (Yenisey-Hakas-Abakan) say\u0131lar\u0131 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 Mo\u011follar\u0131n etnik bazda bask\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n, T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan Yenisey b\u00f6lgesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p olmu\u015f, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar T\u00fcrkleri, T\u00fcrkler K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek Yenisey sahas\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde Mo\u011fol yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 haline gelmesine sebebiyet vermi\u015flerdir. K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine geli\u015fi \u00e7ok sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de\u011fildir, g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminden itibaren kademe kademe ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7, d\u00f6nemlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok etapl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde vukuubulmu\u015ftur. Karakitaylar d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6\u00e7 artm\u0131\u015f, Mo\u011follar ise b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131rg\u0131z kitlelerini bat\u0131ya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mo\u011fulistan Devleti (Mo\u011fullar\u0131n \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilerinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, G\u00fcney Kazakistan ve Fergana vadisinin u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerini i\u00e7ine alan sahada kurdu\u011fu bir te\u015fekk\u00fcld\u00fcr Mo\u011follarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir) d\u00f6neminde ise Mo\u011fol boylar\u0131 ile K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131 etnik olarak kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok uzun bir zaman dilimini i\u00e7ine alan tarihi seyirde (1700 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre) K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n uygulanan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hareketlerine ra\u011fmen etnik anlamda varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmeleri ise olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 N. \u0130. Vasilyeva, \u2018Velikaya Skif\u0131ya”, Velikaya Skifiya, Moskva:Metagalaktika Yay\u0131nlan, 2000, s.
\n98-100; V. V. Grigoryev, Skifskom Narode Sakah, Almat\u0131\u0131Hant Yay\u0131nlan, 1998, s. 81.
\n2 L. N. Gumilev, Hunrtu, Sank-Peterburg:\u0130nstit\u00fct D\u0130-D\u0130K Yay\u0131nlan, 1993, s. 22.
\n3 Djamger\u00e7inov M. B., A. M. Mokeyev, “Kirgizstan v XVI-pervoy polovine XVIII v” \/\/ \u0130storiya
\nKirgizskoy SSR (s drevney\u015fih vremen do sredin\u0131 XIX) V 5-ti tomah, C.I, Frunze:\u0130lim Yay\u0131nlan,
\n1984, s. 430-433.<\/p>\n

4 S. Amanjalov, “Kazak .lerinde Bol\u011fan Elder, Hal\u0131ktar” (Kur:E. Akko\u015fkarov), Kazak Tarih\u0131nan,
\nAlmat\u0131:Jal\u0131n Yay\u0131nlan, 1997, s. 105.
\n5 Rusya Kraliyet Akademisi\u2019nin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski eserler, SSSR d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re daha objektif ve ilm\u00ee
\nesaslara g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu eserlerde de konuya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6zellikle asker\u00ee g\u00f6revli olarak
\ng\u00f6nderilenlerin (\u00c7arl\u0131k taraftan olmalan sebebiyle) eserleri \u00fczerinde objektiflik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkatle
\ndurulmas\u0131 gereken hususlar vard\u0131r.
\n6 Bu d\u00f6nemin de\u011ferli eserlerinden birini yazan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak kabul edilen N. A. Aristov,
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zlann Wusunlar ile yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da delil ortaya
\nkoymaktad\u0131r (N. A. Aristov, “Zametki ob etni\u00e7eskom sostave tyurskih plemen narodnostey
\nsvedeniya ob ih \u00e7islennosti”, Jtvaya Starina, Spb., 1896, (V\u0131p) S. III-IV, s. 291).<\/p>\n

7 V\u0131n \u015e\u0131n, “Bay\u0131rk\u0131 Zamandag\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zdar”, K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. IV, Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlan, 1997,
\ns. 147.
\n8 S\u0131ma Tsyan, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C. II, Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131zT\u00fcrk Manas \u00dcniversitesi (KTM\u00dc) Yay\u0131nlan, 2003, s. 15; N. M\u0131njan, Kazakt\u0131n K\u0131ska\u015fa Tarihi,
\nAlmat\u0131\u0131Jal\u0131n Yay\u0131nlan, 1994, s. 86.
\n9 \u0130. Kab\u0131\u015ful\u0131, Kazak Kau\u0131m\u0131, Almat\u0131: Jazu\u015f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlan, 1997, s. 84.
\n10 Ban-gu, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C. II, Bi\u015fkek: KTM\u00dc
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003, s. 16.<\/p>\n

11 L. N. Gumilev. Hunnu, Sank-Peterburg:\u0130nstitut Di-D\u0130K, 1993, s. 53-54.
\n12 A. Baytur, K\u0131rg\u0131z Tarihinin Lektsiyalar\u0131, C. I, Bi\u015fkek:U\u00e7kun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1992, s. 51.
\n13 N. Ya. Bi\u00e7urin, (Monahorrt \u0130akineom), Opisanie Djungarii i Vosto\u00e7nago Tur kes tan a v Drevnem i
\nN\u0131n\u015fnem Sostoyanii, C. l-II, Senpeterburg:Karla Kraya Yay\u0131nlan, 1829, s. 6.<\/p>\n

14 N. V. Kyuner, Kitayskie \u0130zvestiya i Narodah Yujnoy Si biri, Tsentralnoy Azii i Dalnnego Vostoka,
\nMoskva:Vosto\u00e7n\u0131y Literatura Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1961, s. 37;B. \u00d6gel, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi,
\nC.II, Ankara:K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar, 1981, s. 158-160, 170.
\n15 N. Ya. Bi\u00e7tirin, Sobrar\u0131ie Svedeniy o Narodah, Obitav\u015fih v Sredney Azii v Drevr\u0131ie Vremena, C.l,
\nMoskva-Leningrad:Nauka;Jal\u0131n Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1950-1998, s. 87.
\n16 S. V. Kisilev, Drevr\u0131yaya \u0130storiya Yujnoy Sibiri, Moskva:Nauka Yay\u0131nlan, 1951, s.475.<\/p>\n

17 A. Baytur. K\u0131rg\u0131z Tarihinin Lektsiyalar\u0131, C.l, Bi\u015fkek:U\u00e7kun Yay\u0131nlan, 1992, s. 74.
\n18 V. V. Grigoryev, Vosto\u00e7n\u0131y ili Kitayskiy Turkestan, C. II, Senpeterburg:\u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo
\nGeografi\u00e7eskogo Ob\u015f\u00e7estva(Z\u0130RGO) Yay\u0131nlan, 1873, s. 83-99.
\n19 M. Kocobekov, “Alga\u00e7k\u0131 Orto K\u0131l\u0131mdar Mezgilindeki K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Etno-Sayasiy Tanh\u0131n\u0131n Maseleleri”, K\u0131rg\u0131z. Etnoger\u0131eti\u00e7eskie i Etnokultum\u0131e Protsess\u0131 v Drevnosti i Sredr\u0131evekove v
\nTsentralnoy Azii, Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Yay\u0131nlan, 1996, s. 62.<\/p>\n

20 L. N. Gumilev, Drevnie Ty\u0131\u0131rki, Moskva:Nauka, 1993, s. 30.
\n21 K. Sal\u011farul\u0131, Tan\u0131tt\u0131 Tarmaktar\u0131, Almat\u0131:Sanat Yay\u0131nlan, 1998, s.34; A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler,
\nAnkara:T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu (TTK) Yay\u0131nlan, 1995, s. 142.
\n22 S. Zakirov, K\u0131rg\u0131z Sanc\u0131ras\u0131, Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131z Entsiklopediyas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlan, 1996, s. 54.
\n23 Bilindi\u011fi gibi Bat\u0131 kanad\u0131 merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u0130stemi Yabgu\u2019nun y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n“\u0130stemi Yabgu, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu ucunda bulunan Hami \u015fehrinden, Karadeniz\u2019e kadar
\nuzanan geni\u015f sahay\u0131 yani bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini idare ederdi” A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler, C. I, Ankara:TTK
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s. 31, 85.
\n24 A. Baytur, K\u0131rg\u0131z Tarihinin Lektsiyalar\u0131, Bi\u015fkek:U\u00e7kun Yay\u0131nlan, 1992, C. 1, s. 83.
\n25 L. N. Gumilev, Drevnie Yyurki, Moskva:Nauka Yay\u0131nlan, 1993, s. 217-219.<\/p>\n

26 M. Saray, Modem K \u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu, Ankara:T\u0130KA Yay\u0131nlan, 2004, s. 18.
\n27 A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131I, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler, C. II, Ankara:TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s. 108.
\n28 A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler, C. II, Ankara:TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s. 45.
\n29 M. Ergin, Orhun Abideleri, \u0130stanbul:Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlan, 1970, s. 56-57; Orhonskie Nadpisi.
\nKyul-Tegin, Bilge Ka\u011fan, Tonyukuk, Semey:Mejdunarodnaya Kluba Abaya Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001.
\n30 S. G\u00f6me\u00e7, K\u00f6k T\u00fcrkler, Ankara:K\u00f6ksoy Yay\u0131nlan, 1997, s. 65-66.
\n31 A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler, C. 111, Ankara:TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2004, s. 37.<\/p>\n

32 S. G\u00f6me\u00e7, Uygur T\u00fcrkleri Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Ankara:Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlan, (t.y), s. 31 ;J. Paul Roux,
\nOrta Asya Tarih ve Uygarl\u0131k, \u00c7ev. L. Arslan, \u0130stanbul:Kabala Yay\u0131nlan, 2001, s. 147-148; S. G.
\nKlya\u015ftom\u0131y, T. Sultanov, Kazahstan. Letopis Treh Tsya\u00e7eletiy, Alma-ata:Rauan Yay\u0131nlan, 1992,
\ns. 99.
\n33 Sin Tan \u015eu, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C. II, Bi\u015fkek:KTM\u00dc
\nYay\u0131nlan, 2003, s. 51.
\n34 Jf t V ^ ^ JJl\u00e2. i\u015fkili; C\u0130 1 % n. a ? ^ ‘ *^D
\n35 T. Alma\u015f, “Uygurlar” (Kot.:S. Saspayev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III, Bi\u015fkek.Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlan, 1995,
\ns. 246-247.
\n36 Uygur tarihi sahas\u0131nda otorite akademisyenlerden biri olarak kabul edilen \u00d6zkan \u0130zgi bu tarihlerde
\nHu T\u2019e-le Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n tahtta bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6. \u0130zgi, Uygurlar\u0131n Siyasi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel
\nTarihi (Hukuk Vesikalar\u0131na G\u00f6re), Ankara: T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalan Yay\u0131nlan, 1987, s.27.
\n37 A. Baytur, K\u0131rg\u0131z Tarihinin Lektsiyalar\u0131, C. I, Bi\u015fkek:U\u00e7kun Yay\u0131nlan, 1992, s. 90-91.
\n38 Li Deyuy, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C.ll, Bi\u015fkek:KTM\u00dc
\nYay\u0131nlan, 2003, s. 21-38.
\n39 T. Alma\u015f, “Uygurlar” (Kot.:S. Saspayev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III, Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995,
\ns. 240.<\/p>\n

40 M. Saray, Modem K \u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu, Ankara:T\u0130KA Yay\u0131nlan, 2004, s. 24.
\n41 A. Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, \u00c7in Kaynaklar\u0131na G\u00f6re Eski T\u00fcrk Boylar\u0131, Ankara:TTK Yay\u0131nlan, 2004, s. 4.
\n42 Tszyu Uday \u015ei, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C.II, Bi\u015fkek,:
\nKTM\u00dc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003, s. 55.<\/p>\n

43 C. M. Malabayev, K\u0131rg\u0131z Mamleketinin Tarihi, Bi\u015fkek:\u0130lim Yay\u0131nlan, 1999, s. 37.
\n44 T. Alma\u015f, “Uygurlar” (Kot.:S. Saspayev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III, Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlan, 1995,
\ns.240, 246-7.
\n45 \u0130. Kab\u0131\u015ful\u0131, Kazak Kau\u0131m\u0131, Almat\u0131:.lazu\u015f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlan, 1997, s. 86.<\/p>\n

46 Yu. Hudyakov, “Tooluu Altaydag\u0131 k\u0131rg\u0131zdar” (Kot.:A. k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ev), C. III. K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. Bi\u015fkek:Soros
\nl-ondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 142.
\n47 V. V. Bartold, K\u0131rg\u0131z Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Tarihi Boyun\u00e7a Tanda ima Emgekter, Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1997. s.35.
\n48 E. K\u0131\u00e7anov, T. Bcy\u015fanaliyev. “Yuan-Min Doorundag\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zdar” (XIII-XV k.k.). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. C. II,
\nBi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991. s. 232.
\n49 Yu. Hudyakov, “K\u0131rg\u0131z Madaniyat\u0131n\u0131n Tegi” (Kot.:H. Nuru\u015fev). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C.l. Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131z.sta\u0131\u0131
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1993, s.217.
\nr,\u00b0 Yu. Hudyakov, “K\u0131rg\u0131zdar Tala\u015f-Tart\u0131\u015f \u00c7ordonunda” (Kot.:A. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ev). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. C.lll.
\nBi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s. 184.<\/p>\n

51 V. Vasilyev, \u0130storiya i Drevnost\u0131 Vosto\u00e7noy \u00c7’ast\u0131 Sredney Azii (ol X do XIII veka),
\nScnpeterburg:\u0130mperatorskogo Akade\u0131nii Nauk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1857. s. 75-83; L. P. Potapov. O \u00e7erkipo
\n\u0130storii Altaytsev. Moskva-Leningrad:Akademi Nauk SSSR Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1953, s. 99-101.
\n\u25a0\u20192 K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB). C.ll, Bi\u015fkek:KTM\u00dc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,
\n2002.
\nLi Deyuy, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaklar\u0131 (KKTB), C.ll, Bi\u015fkek:KTM\u00dc
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131. 2003, s. 21-36.
\n54 Daha \u00f6ncede bilindi\u011fi gibi \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere ait oian \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131
\nUygurca’ya terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Lski T\u00fcrk tarihi ile ilgili olarak Uygurca eserlerden her konuda
\nfaydalanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz: . ‘ j J , *\u00ab\u2022 U\u00ee l i
\n, j , >4′>\u00eej\u00ab\u00ab. <* u i i i . y-Jv ( j l i , jS(j<\/p>\n

^ S\u0131ma Guan, K\u0131rg\u0131zdard\u0131n Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstand\u0131n Tar\u0131h\u0131y Bulaktan (KKTB), C.II, Bi\u015fkek:KTM\u00dc
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003, s. 36-59.
\n50 L. A. Borovkova, Zapad Tsentralnoy Azii vo II v. do n. e. (istoriko-geografi\u00e7eskiy obzor po
\ndrevnekitayskim islo\u00e7nikam), Moskva:Nauka Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1989, s. 61-62.
\n57 Siyen-pi (Hsien-pi) T\u00fcrkleri tan\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Hsien-pi olarak bilinen bu boylar birli\u011fi,
\nMo\u011fol boylar\u0131ndan te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden siyas\u00ee bir yap\u0131lanmad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Mo\u011fol k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayan ve sosyal hayatlar\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lanmada Mo\u011fol unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu boylar birli\u011finde T\u00fcrk boyu (T\u00fcrkle\u015fenler hari\u00e7 tutulursa) yoktur. Hsien-pi olarak bilinen boylar birli\u011fi, etnik olarak Tunghular\u0131n ve Wuhuanlar\u0131n devam\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Hun Tanr\u0131kutlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f
\nbat\u0131ya do\u011fru inecek ve \u00d6t\u00fcken-Yenisey b\u00f6lgelerindeki siyasi otorite bo\u015flu\u011funu doldurmaya ba\u015flayacaklard\u0131r.
\n58 K. Sal\u011farul\u0131, Tan\u0131m Tatmaktan, Almat\u0131:Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1998, s. 87.
\n59 A. Baytur, “Tyan-\u015ean k\u0131rg\u0131zdar\u0131: Tya\u0131\u0131-\u015ea\u0131\u0131dag\u0131 adepki K\u0131rg\u0131z umular\u0131”, K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C.l. Bi\u015fkek:
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zstan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1993, s. 264.<\/p>\n

60 S. Attokurov, K\u0131rg\u0131z Etnografyas\u0131. Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131z Mill\u00ee Devlet \u00dcniversitesi (KGNU) Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,
\n1997, s. 20.
\n61 Yu. Hudyakov, “K\u0131rg\u0131zdar Tala\u015f-Tart\u0131\u015f \u00c7ordonunda” (Kol.:A. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ev). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. 0.111,
\nBi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 179.
\n62 S. Attokurov. K\u0131rg\u0131z Sanc\u0131ras\u0131, Bi\u015fkek:KGNU Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 53.
\n61 G. L. (Jrumm-Grjn\u0131aylo. Zapadnaya Mongoliya i Uryanhayskiy Kray, C. III, (V\u0131p) S. 1. Leningrad:GRGO Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1926. s. 14<\/p>\n

64 V. V. Bartold. “K\u0131rg\u0131zdar: En Bay\u0131rk\u0131 Maal\u0131mattar” (Kot.:D. S\u0131\u0131laymankulov). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. C. 11.
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\n65 B. Soltonoyev, K\u0131zd K\u0131rg\u0131z Tarihi. C. 1. Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1993, s. 5.
\n66 Yu. Hudyakov. “K\u0131rg\u0131zdar Tala\u015f-Tart\u0131\u015f \u00c7ordonunda” (Kot.:A. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III.
\nBi\u015fkck:Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 181.
\n67 C. M. Malabayev, K\u0131rg\u0131z Mamlekeiin\u0131n Tarihi. Bi\u015fkck:\u0130lin\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1999. s. 39<\/p>\n

oR Ra\u015fid ad-din. Sbornik Letopisey. \u0130storiya Mongolov. So\u00e7incnie Ra\u015fid-eddina. Per. \u0130. N. Berezina.
\nC. V, TVO\u0130AO, Senpelerburg.TVORGO Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1858, s 31
\n69 \u00d6zellikle bu tarihlerde (1216 y\u0131l\u0131nda) K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 isyan Mo\u011fol \u00f6nc\u00fc birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan ac\u0131mas\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. v\u00ab, J l \u00fb \u0131, ^ j l \u00ee Jjc. > * , (> v f T) ,.f <j j j
\n70 Mo\u011follar\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re; bu d\u00f6nemde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n orman halk\u0131 olan \u00dcyratlara yak\u0131n
\nb\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve Yenisey nehrinin yukar\u0131 taraflar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr (Manghol-lJn
\nNiu\u00e7a Tob\u00e7a’an. Mo\u011follar\u0131n Gizli Tarihi (\u00c7ev: A. Temir). Ankara:TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 229;
\n” ” .lilla \u00dc j i H <a\u00b1 j S) (jAjU\u0130 u f* * * J lljP U ji\u00eejA
\n;l Ra\u015fid ad-din. Sbornik letopisey. \u0130storiya Mongolov. So\u00e7incnie Ra\u015fid-eddina. Per. \u0130. N. Berezina.
\nC. V. TVO\u0130AO, Senpeterburg:TVORGO Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1858, s. 130-137.<\/p>\n

72 L K\u0131\u00e7anov. T. Bey\u015fanaliyev, “Yuan-Min Doorundag\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zdar” (XIII-XV k.k.), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. II.
\nBi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s. 240.
\n71 E. K\u0131\u00e7anov. T. Bey\u015fanaliyev. a.g.m, s.240.
\n74 Yu. Hudyakov, “K\u0131rg\u0131z Madaniyat\u0131n\u0131n Tegi” (Kot.:E. Nuru\u015fev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. I, Bi\u015fkek: K\u0131rg\u0131zstan
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1993, s. 228.
\n75 A. A. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, Tarih-i Cihan Gu\u015fa, (\u00c7ev.M. \u00d6ztiirk). C. I, Ankara:K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,
\n1988, s. 68-70.
\n76 V. V. Bartold, K\u0131rg\u0131z Cana K\u0131rg\u0131zstan Tarihi Boy\u0131\u0131n\u00e7a Tandalma Emgekter, Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1997, s. 42.<\/p>\n

77 Yu. Hudyakov, “K\u0131rg\u0131zdar Tala\u015f-Tart\u0131\u015f \u00c7ordonunda” (Kol.:A. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ev), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III.
\nBi\u015fkek.Soros Fondu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s. 181.
\n78 K. Matikeyev, “\u015e\u0131nca\u0131\u0131dag\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zdar” (T\u00fcz.: K. Cusupov), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, C. III. Bi\u015fkek:Soros Fondu
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1995, s. 205.
\n79* S. Zakirov, K\u0131rg\u0131z Sanc\u0131ras\u0131. Bi\u015fkek:K\u0131rg\u0131z Ents\u0131klopediyas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1996. s. 45.
\n80 \u00c7. \u00c7. Valihanov, “Oy erk i Dju\u0131\u0131garii” Sobranie So\u00e7ineniy v pyati tomah, C. III, Aln\u0131a-ata: Kazak
\nSovyet Entsiklopediyas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1985. s. 345-346.<\/p>\n

81 \u00dcs\u00f6y\u00fcn Ac\u0131, “K\u0131rg\u0131z sanc\u0131ras\u0131” (Kft\u00e7:A. Karasartov), K\u0131rg\u0131zdar, Bi\u015fkek. 1991. C. II. s. 78-79.
\n82 Togolok Moldo. “Tarih. T\u00fcpk\u00fc Atalar” (T\u00fcz: K. Botoyarov). K\u0131rg\u0131zdar. C. II, Bi\u015fkek:So\u0131os Fondu
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131. 1991, s. 6:E. J. Ma\u0131\u0131ayev, O. K. Ka\u0131atayev, K\u0131rg\u0131z Elinin Etn\u0131kal\u0131k \u00d6n\u00fcg\u00fc\u015fii.
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\n84 E. T\u00f6r\u00f6kanuulu, K\u0131rg\u0131zd\u0131n K\u0131ska\u00e7a Sanc\u0131ras\u0131. C.l. Bi\u015fkek:U\u00e7ku\u0131\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. s. 5.<\/p>\n

85 \u00dcs\u00f6y\u00fcn Ac\u0131, “K\u0131rg\u0131z Sanc\u0131ras\u0131” (Krt\u00e7:A. Karasartov). K\u0131rg\u0131ztlar, C. II, Ri\u015fkek:Soros I o\u0131\u0131du Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s. 80.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. MUSTAFA KALKAN \u00d6zet K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim merkezi meselesi bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tezlerle \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Yenisey-Altay, Sibir, Hakasya ve Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan b\u00f6lgede uzun d\u00f6nemler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hunlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Uygurlar d\u00f6neminde K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sistematik bir g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131na tabi tutuldu\u011fu ve bu yerle\u015ftirme siyaseti sonucunda eski vatanlar\u0131m terk ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turk-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4177,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175\/revisions\/4177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}