{"id":4139,"date":"2020-07-09T10:56:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T07:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4139"},"modified":"2020-07-09T10:56:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T07:56:21","slug":"eski-uygur-hukuk-belgelerinde-gecen-onluk-yuzluk-sozcukleri-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4139","title":{"rendered":"Eski Uygur Hukuk Belgelerinde Ge\u00e7en Onluk Y\u00fczl\u00fck S\u00f6zc\u00fckleri \u00dczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. Arda KARADAVUT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orhon Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Karabalgasun\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle Uygurlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131ya, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney eteklerine, Tar\u0131m havzas\u0131na, kalanlar\u0131ysa g\u00fcneye, \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeyine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m havzas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Uygurlar burada tekrar \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f ve bu devlet XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar bu be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir medeniyet in\u015fa etmi\u015f t\u0131ptan m\u00fchendisli\u011fe, m\u00fczikten edebiyata her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilim ve sanat kolunun Asya\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli temsilcilerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu inan\u00e7 olarak Budizm\u2019in Mahayana mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Uygurlar, Budizm k\u00fclt\u00fcr dairesi i\u00e7inde bir edebiyat meydana getirmi\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok \u00e7eviri ve uyarlama eser Eski Uygurcaya kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu eserlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Uygurlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze hukuk belgeleri ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belgelerde tarihlendirme on iki hayvanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk takvimine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar belgeler \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019deki Mo\u011fol as\u0131ll\u0131 Y\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Uygur hukuk belgelerinin alt\u0131 tanesinde tan\u0131klanan onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer dillik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00fczerinden s\u00f6z konusu belgelerin tarih tespitinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong><\/span> Eski Uygur Hukuk Belgeleri, Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede
\nSay\u0131lar, Mo\u011follar, Y\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Orhon Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda taht kavgalar\u0131, i\u00e7 sava\u015flar, do\u011fal afetler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmi\u015f ve en sonunda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n ani bir bask\u0131nla Uygurlar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Karabalgasun\u2019u i\u015fgal etmeleriyle da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karabalgasun civar\u0131ndaki Uygurlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131ya gidip Karluklarla birle\u015ferek Karahanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni kurmu\u015f di\u011ferleri ise g\u00fcneybat\u0131da Turfan ve Kansu etraf\u0131ndaki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na giderek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde iki farkl\u0131 devlet kurmu\u015ftur. Turfan\u2019daki Uygurlar 850 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaynaklarda Turfan Uygur Devleti, Ko\u00e7o Uygur Devleti veya Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan devleti kurmu\u015f ve 1125 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, 1125 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1209 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Kidanlara ba\u011fl\u0131, 1209 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1368 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ise Mo\u011follara ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hanl\u0131k olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Almas 2013: 347-391). Bu d\u00f6nemde Uygurlar yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Be\u015fbal\u0131k olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok \u015fehir in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. Din\u00ee inan\u00e7 olarak \u015eamanizm ve Manihaizm zamanla kaybolmu\u015f ve Budizm Turfan Uygurlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca inanc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130pek yolu \u00fczerinde kurulan Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu konumu iyi kullanm\u0131\u015f ve sosyoekonomik y\u00f6nden d\u00f6neminin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u00c7inli el\u00e7i Wang Yen-te\u2019nin Uygur Seyahatnamesi\u2019nde verdi\u011fi bilgiler Uygurlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeylerini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Chinling da\u011flar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan nehir, ba\u015f\u015fehrin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evresini dola\u015f\u0131r,
\ntarlalar\u0131 ve meyva bah\u00e7elerini sular ve su de\u011firmenlerini i\u015fletir. Bu yerde
\nWu-ku (be\u015f hububat) yeti\u015fir. Yaln\u0131z Ch’iao-ma\u0131 yeti\u015fmez. Zengin insanlar
\nat *eti+ yerler, geri kalanlar ise s\u0131\u011f\u0131r *eti+ ve yaban kaz\u0131 yerler. Onlar
\nm\u00fcziklerinde pek \u00e7ok K’ung-hou kullan\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n adetlerine *g\u00f6re+
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ata binerler ve ok atarlar. Onlar seyahat etmekten
\nho\u015flan\u0131rlard\u0131. Onlar seyahat ederken \u00e7o\u011fu m\u00fczik aletlerini yanlar\u0131nda
\nta\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Orada elliden fazla Budist manast\u0131r\u0131 vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n hepsinde
\nT’ang s\u00fclalesi taraf\u0131ndan koyulmu\u015f kitabeler vard\u0131r. Bu topraklarda fakir
\ninsan yoktur. Onlar ihtiyac\u0131 olanlara yemek yard\u0131m\u0131 yaparlar. \u0130nsanlar
\nuzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Umumiyetle y\u00fcz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne *kadar ya\u015farlar+. Gen\u00e7
\nya\u015fta \u00f6lene hi\u00e7 rastlanmaz (\u0130zgi 1989: 57-63).<\/p>\n

Tarihte T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en parlak \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan biri olan Turfan Uygur d\u00f6nemi, kendinden sonraki pek \u00e7ok d\u00f6nemi etkilemi\u015f ve pek \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcre kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Turfan Uygurlar\u0131, b\u00fcnyelerindeki k\u00f6kl\u00fc Bozk\u0131r gelene\u011fini yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7tikten sonra yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u00c7in medeniyetinden de bir\u00e7ok unsur alarak harmanlam\u0131\u015f ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00d6zyetgin 2014: 18).<\/p>\n

1125 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6nce Bat\u0131 Kidanlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na girmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan 1209 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bar\u00e7uk Han zaman\u0131nda kendi iste\u011fiyle Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa tabi olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde Uygurlar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan Mo\u011follar i\u00e7indeki h\u00e2kim unsur olmu\u015f, Mo\u011follar Uygur alfabesini kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve imparatorlu\u011fun ileri gelen devlet adamlar\u0131 ve komutanlar\u0131 Uygurlardan se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Cengiz Han\u2019dan sonra \u00d6geday, M\u00f6nke Han ve Kubilay Han\u2019a tabi olarak ya\u015fayan Turfan Uygurlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f as\u0131r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00c7a\u011fatay Devleti\u2019nin han\u0131 olan ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul eden Tarma\u015firin d\u00f6neminde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, topraklar\u0131 da \u00c7a\u011fatay ulusu topraklar\u0131na ilhak edilmi\u015ftir (Almas 2013: 390).<\/p>\n

Bu be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Uygurlar Budizm \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir edebiyat meydana getirmi\u015f, \u00e7eviri ve uyarlama olmak \u00fczere binlerce eser ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Turfan Uygurlar\u0131ndan kalan yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserler aras\u0131nda \u201cdin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 metinler\u201d \u015feklinde nitelendirilebilecek birtak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve bunlar genellikle \u201cUygur Hukuk Belgeleri, Uygur Sivil Dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur Hukuk Belgeleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in literat\u00fcrde sivil belgeler olarak an\u0131lan bu belgeler, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Fin, Rus, \u0130ngiliz, Alman, Japon, Frans\u0131z ve \u00c7inli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma gezileri sayesinde g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00d6zyetgin 2014: 20).<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ile XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen Uygur hukuk belgeleri eski T\u00fcrklerin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, iktisadi ve hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan hangi seviyede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Belgelerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015filerin toplumla ve devletle olan ili\u015fkileri olu\u015ftururken di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler olu\u015fturur. Belgeler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan yay\u0131nlar Radloff ile ba\u015flar ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze
\nkadar devam eder. Konuyla ilgili m\u00fcstakil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda L. Clark\u2019\u0131n Introduction to the Uyghur Civil Documents of East Turkestan (1975) adl\u0131 doktora tezi gelir. Re\u015fit Rahmeti Arat taraf\u0131ndan Eski T\u00fcrk Hukuk Vesikalar\u0131 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00fclkemizde belgeler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerindendir. Nobuo Yamada\u2019n\u0131n Sammlung uigurischer Kontrakte (1993) adl\u0131 transkripsiyonlu metin yay\u0131m\u0131nda eski Uygurlar\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131na ait 121 belge mevcuttur. Hukuk belgeleri \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan en yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri de Tugu\u015feva taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f Uygurskie delov\u0131e dokument\u0131 X-XIV vv. \u0130z vosto\u00e7nogo turkestana adl\u0131 eserdir.<\/p>\n

Yamada\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda belgeler \u015fu \u015fekilde tasnif edilmi\u015ftir: I. Resm\u00ee Belgeler (idar\u00ee, diplomatik, asker\u00ee, din\u00ee birlikler): 1. Y\u00f6netmelikler ve idare y\u00f6netmelikleri, 2. Diplomatik mektuplar, 3. Sertifikalar ve lisanslar, 4 Makbuzlar, 5. Dilek\u00e7eler, 6. Raporlar, 7. Sicil ve listeler, 8. Dualar, 9. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k Belgeler; II. \u00d6zel Belgeler: 1. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, 2. Makbuzlar, 3. Mektuplar ve hesaplar, 4. Sicil ve listeler, 5. Dualar, 6. \u00c7e\u015fitli konular. Yamada ne\u015frinde yer alan 121 belge bu tasnife g\u00f6re 9 alt gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. Sat\u0131\u015f (Sa); 2. De\u011fi\u015ftirme (Ex); 3. Kiralama (RH); 4. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alma (Lo), 5. Evlat edinme (Ad); 6. Rehin verme (Pl); 7 Azat etme (Em); 8 Vasiyetler (WP); 9 Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k belgeler (Mi) (\u00d6zyetgin, 2014: 20).<\/p>\n

Bu tasniften sonra belgelerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilir ve belgelerin yaz\u0131m\u0131nda \u015fu d\u00fczene uyuldu\u011fu ifade edilir.<\/p>\n

1. Tarih
\n2. Mukavelenin Konusu (Sat\u0131c\u0131, Al\u0131c\u0131, Sat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn, Fiyat)
\n3. \u00d6demenin Tasdiki
\n4. Toprak Hudutlar\u0131
\n5. Yeni Mal Sahibinin Haklar\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131
\n6. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u0130hlaline Kar\u015f\u0131 Teminat ve Ceza
\n1. Teminat
\n2. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u0130hlaline Kar\u015f\u0131 Ceza
\n7. Ek (\u015eahit, \u0130mza ve Yazan)
\n1. \u015eahidin Kayd\u0131
\n2. \u0130mza
\n2.1. Satan\u0131n \u0130mzas\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2.2. \u015eahit ve Di\u011fer Ki\u015filerin Ni\u015fan\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3. Yazan
\n8. Ek Beyan (Naskali 2012: 196)<\/p>\n

Re\u015fit Rahmeti Arat da \u201cEski T\u00fcrk Hukuk Vesikalar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 makalesinde belgelerin tanzimini \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klara ay\u0131rarak inceler:
\n1. Tarih
\n2. Vesikalarda Adlar\u0131 Ge\u00e7en \u015eah\u0131slar
\n3. Mukavele yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri
\n4. Anla\u015fman\u0131n mevzuu, mahiyeti ve mukabilinde verilen bedelin tesbiti
\n5. Bedelin \u00f6deme usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131.
\n6. Bor\u00e7lu meydanda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, onun yerine ge\u00e7ecek kimselerin tasrihi.
\n7. Mukavele \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve buna itirazda bulunabilecek kimselerin zikri.
\n8. Anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozmak isteyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nan tedbirler.
\n9. Mukavele yapan taraflar ve \u015fahitlerin zikri.
\n10. Mukavelenin metnini kaleme alan \u015fahs\u0131n zikri.
\n11. Vesikalarda imza ve m\u00fch\u00fcrler. (1987: 533)<\/p>\n

Bu makalenin konusunu belgelerin tanzimi esnas\u0131nda mukavele \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve buna itirazda bulunabilecek kimselerin zikri ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7en onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yamada\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 121 belge incelendi\u011finde onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck kelimelerinin sadece alt\u0131 belgede tan\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu belgeler s\u0131ras\u0131yla Sa16, Sa26, Sa27, Sa28, Mi7 ve Mi24 kodlu belgelerdir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, belgelerde ge\u00e7en onluk y\u00fczl\u00fck
\ns\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin i\u00e7lerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 anlam ve di\u011fer dillik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00fczerinden s\u00f6z konusu belgelerin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihlerinin tespit edilmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belgelerin transkripsiyonlu metni ve T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131m\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Sa16, Sa26 ve Mi07 kodlu belgelerin T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131m\u0131nda \u00d6zyetgin\u2019in (2004) ve (2014) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, di\u011fer belgelerin T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131m\u0131 ise taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sa16<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. < (ygr) mik\u00e4 manga b(\u00e4)g t(\u00e4)m\u00fcr-k\u00e4 yunglaq- 2. \u2013l\u0131q b\u00f6z k\u00e4rg\u00e4k bolup q\u0131yasud\u0131n-t\u0131n y\u00fcz (b\u00f6z) ilig-t\u00e4 al\u0131p 3. biz-ning \u015fuik\u00fc-t\u00e4ki aqa ini-l\u00e4r birl\u00e4 ki<. \u00dcl\u00fc\u015f-l\u00fcg 4. borluq-ta manga t\u00e4g\u00e4r iki \u00fcl\u00fc\u015f<. Q\u0131yasud\u0131n-qa togru 5. toml\u0131tu satd\u0131m bu borluq< q\u0131yasud\u0131n t\u00fck\u00e4l 6. s(a)n(a)p birdim m\u00e4n b(\u00e4)g t(\u00e4)m\u00fcr<.. bu borluq-n\u0131ng 7. s\u0131\u00e7\u0131-s\u0131 \u00f6ngd\u00fcn y\u0131ngaq s< ad\u0131r(a)r k\u00fcn-din 8. sar\u0131g lam-a-n\u0131n k\u00e4nd\u00fc buq-a borluq< bag ad\u0131r(a)r 9. tag-t\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcl\u00fc\u015f-l\u00fcg borluq ad\u0131r(a)r bu t\u00f6rt
\ns\u0131\u00e7\u0131-l\u0131g 10. borluq-qa ming y\u0131l t\u00fcm\u00e4n k\u00fcn-k\u00e4t\u00e4gi q\u0131yasud\u0131n \u00e4rklig bolzun 11. taplasar \u00f6zi tutzun taplamasar ad\u0131n ki\u015fi-k\u00e4 \u00f6tk\u00fcr\u00fc satzun 12. bu borluq yolun(ta) m\u00e4n b(\u00e4)g t(\u00e4)m\u00fcr-ning inim uru\u011fum tugm\u0131\u015f\u0131m on-13. luqum y\u00fcz-l\u00fck\u00fcm kim kim\u00e4 bolup \u00e7am \u00e7ar\u0131m q\u0131lmasun-lar apam bir\u00f6k 14. \u00e4rklig b(\u00e4)g i\u015fi il\u00e7i yalava\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7in tudup al(a)y\u0131n yul(a)y\u0131n tis\u00e4r- 15. l\u00e4r bu borluq t\u00e4ngin\u00e7-\u00e4 iki borluq birip s\u00f6zl\u00e4ri yor\u0131mazun \u00e7am- 16. lagu\u00e7\u0131 ki\u015fi qorluq bolzun bu bitig tuta
\nq\u0131yasud\u0131n qorsuz bolzun 17. bu bitig-k\u00e4 t(a)nuq \u00f6dig\u00e4 t(a)nuq m\u0131s\u0131r q(a)y-a suq t(a)nuq nartun t(a)nuq 18. ba\u011fc\u0131 turm\u0131\u015f bu ni\u015fan m\u00e4n b(\u00e4)g t(\u00e4)m\u011fr-ning ol 19. bu ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuq \u00f6dg\u00e4-ning ol 20. bu ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuq m\u0131s\u0131r q(a)y-a suq-n\u0131ng ol 21. bu ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuq nartun-n\u0131ng ol 22. bu ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuq ba\u011fc\u0131 turm\u0131\u015f-n\u0131ng ol 23. m\u00e4n m\u00e4ngg\u00fc b(\u00e4)g t\u00e4m\u00fcr-k\u00e4 \u00fc\u00e7 qata ay\u0131t\u0131p bitidim<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. < yirmisinde bana Beg Tem\u00fcr\u2019e kullanmak i\u00e7in 2. b\u00f6z gerek olup Q\u0131yasud\u0131n\u2019dan 100
\nb\u00f6z elden al\u0131p 3. bizim \u015euik\u00fc\u2019deki a\u011fabey ve erkek karde\u015flerle birlikte .. ortak 4. ba\u011fda bana ait
\n2 hisse < Q\u0131yasud\u0131n\u2019a do\u011frudan 5. satt\u0131m. Bu ba\u011f< Q\u0131yasud\u0131n tamamiyle 6. say\u0131p verdim. Ben
\nBeg Tem\u00fcr< bu ba\u011f\u0131n 7. s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fu tarafta< ay\u0131r\u0131r. G\u00fcney taraf 8. sar\u0131g Lama\u2019n\u0131n, Kend\u00fc
\nBuqa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131r\u0131r. 9. Kuzey tarafta \u00fc\u00e7 hisseli ba\u011f ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 10. ba\u011fa bin y\u0131l on bin
\ng\u00fcne kadar Q\u0131yasud\u0131n sahip olsun! 11. \u0130sterse kendi (elinde) tutsun istemezse ba\u015fka ki\u015fiye
\nb\u0131rak\u0131p sats\u0131n. 12. Bu ba\u011f hakk\u0131nda ben Beg Tem\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn < erkek karde\u015fim, soyum akrabam, 13.
\nonlu\u011fum, y\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm her kim olursa olsun itiraz etmesinler. Fakat e\u011fer 14. g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bey ve e\u015fi(nin)
\nel\u00e7inin n\u00fcfuzunu kullan\u0131p geri sat\u0131n alay\u0131m derse- 15. ler bu ba\u011f dengince ili ba\u011f verip s\u00f6zleri
\nge\u00e7mesin. \u0130tiraz 16. eden ki\u015fi zararl\u0131 olsun. Bu senedi tutarak Q\u0131yasud\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesin. 17. Bu
\nsenede tan\u0131k \u00d6dige, tan\u0131k M\u0131s\u0131r Qaya Suq, tan\u0131k Nartun 18. Bag\u00e7\u0131 Turm\u0131\u015f. Bu ni\u015fan ben Beg
\nTem\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcnd\u00fcr 19. Bu ni\u015fan ben tan\u0131k \u00d6dge\u2019nindir. 20. Bu ni\u015fan ben tan\u0131k M\u0131s\u0131r Qaya Suq\u2019undur
\n21. Bu ni\u015fan ben tan\u0131k Nartun\u2019undur 22. Bu ni\u015fan, ben tan\u0131k Ba\u011fc\u0131 Turm\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r 23. Ben Meng\u00fc,
\nBeg Tem\u00fcr\u2019e \u00fc\u00e7 defa sorup yazd\u0131m. (\u00d6zyetgin 2014: 181).<\/p>\n

Sa26 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ *y\u0131+l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00e7 ay t\u00f6rt ya\u014b\u0131- 2. *ka ma\u014ba+ kut*lug+ t\u00e4m\u00fcr \u00e4r tugm\u0131\u015f 3. Toktam\u0131\u015f olarka yu\u014blakl\u0131k yarmak 4. k\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f k\u00e4rg\u00e4k bolup s\u00e4n\u00e4kt\u00e4s akat\u0131n 5. altm\u0131\u015f altun al\u0131p mub\u00e4r\u00e4k hoc atl\u0131g 6. oglumn\u0131 m\u00e4n atas\u0131 kutlug t\u00e4m\u00fcr aka- 7. s\u0131 \u00e4r tugm\u0131\u015f akas\u0131 toktam\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00e4g\u00fc birl\u00e4 8. bo *lup to+guru tuml\u0131tu satd\u0131m m\u00e4n bu 9. ogulka mi\u014b y\u0131l t\u00fcm\u00e4n k\u00fcnk\u00e4 t\u00e4gi 10. s\u00e4\u014b\u00e4kt\u00e4s aka \u00e4rklig bolzun 11. taplasar \u00f6zi tutzun taplamasar 12. ad\u0131n ki\u015fik\u00e4 \u00f6tk\u00fcr\u00fc satzun biz 13. N[in o]nlukumuz y\u00fczl\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz al\u0131m\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z 14. berim\u00e7imiz akam\u0131z inimiz kim kim 15. m\u00e4 bolup \u00e7am \u00e7ar\u0131m k\u0131lmazunlar 16. apam bir\u00f6k \u00e7amlasarlar bo ki\u015fi 17. T\u00e4\u014bin\u00e7\u00e4 iki ki\u015fini berip s\u00f6zl\u00e4ri 18. yo*r\u0131maz+unlar tanuk soma tanuk 19. karagunaz t(a)nuk k\u0131p\u00e7ak bo ni\u015fan bizni\u014b 20. ol m\u00e4n as\u0131g bolm\u0131\u015f olar- 21 ka in\u00e7g\u00e4 ay\u0131t\u0131p bitidim bo bitig 22 a * + n\u0131\u014b b\u00e4gi adarn\u0131\u014b t\u00e4gr\u00e4sin- 23 t\u00e4 bitidim 24 bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk soman\u0131\u014b ol 25 bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk karagunazn\u0131\u014b ol 26 bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk k\u0131p\u00e7akn\u0131\u014b ol<\/a><\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. < y\u0131l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ay(\u0131n) d\u00f6rd(\u00fcnc\u00fc) g\u00fcn- 2. \u00fcnde < Kutlug Tem\u00fcr, Er Togm\u0131\u015f 3.
\nToktam\u0131\u015f, onlara kullan\u0131lacak sikke 4. g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gerek olup Senektez a\u011fabeyden 5. altm\u0131\u015f alt\u0131n al\u0131p
\nMuberek Hoca adl\u0131 6. o\u011flumu ben babas\u0131 Kutlug Tem\u00fcr, a\u011fabeyi 7. Er Togm\u0131\u015f, a\u011fabeyi
\nToktam\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcz birlikte 8. olup do\u011fruca tamamen satt\u0131m. Bu 9. o\u011fula bin y\u0131l on bin g\u00fcne
\nkadar 10. Senektez a\u011fabey sahip olsun. 11. \u0130sterse kendisi tutsun istemezse 12. ba\u015fka ki\u015fiye
\ndo\u011frudan sats\u0131n Bizim 13. onlu\u011fumuz y\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, alacakl\u0131m\u0131z, 14. bor\u00e7lumuz b\u00fcy\u00fck ve
\nk\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fimiz hi\u00e7 kimse 15. itiraz etmesin. 16. E\u011fer itiraz ederlerse bu ki\u015fi 17. dengince iki
\nki\u015fiyi verip s\u00f6zleri 18. ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n. Tan\u0131k Soma, tan\u0131k 19. Karagunaz, tan\u0131k K\u0131p\u00e7ak. Bu ni\u015fan
\nbizimdir. 20. Ben As\u0131g Bolm\u0131\u015f onlara 21. iyice sorup yazd\u0131m. Bu senet 22. a..-n\u0131n begi Adar\u2019\u0131n 23.
\nhuzurunda yazd\u0131m. 24. Bu ni\u015fan, ben tan\u0131k Soma\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. 25. Bu ni\u015fan ben tan\u0131k
\nKaragunaz\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r. 26 Bu ni\u015fan ben tan\u0131k K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r (\u00d6zyetgin 2004: 198).<\/p>\n

Sa27<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. to\u014buz y\u0131l ikinti ay \u00fc\u00e7 y(a)\u014b\u0131ka 2. ma\u014ba kukdmun\u0131 t(a)mun\u0131ka yu\u014blak- 3. l\u0131k b\u00f6z k\u00e4rg\u00e4k bolup alp\u0131\u015f- 3. t\u0131n \u00e4lig tas b\u00f6z eligt\u00e4 4. al\u0131p \u00f6z\u00fcmni\u014b yu\u014b\u00e7\u0131 atl(\u0131)g 5.on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015far \u00e4r olann\u0131 6. alp\u0131\u015fka togru tuml\u0131tu satd\u0131m 7. eligt\u00e4 al\u0131p bo bitigni 8. k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcn \u00fcz\u00e4 m\u00e4n alp\u0131\u015f 9. t\u00fck\u00e4l s(a)n(a)p berdim m\u00e4n kukdmun\u0131 10. ym\u00e4 t\u00fck\u00e4l s(a)nap ald\u0131m bir \u00e4gs\u00fck-11. s\u00fcz bo yu\u014b\u00e7\u0131ka mi\u014b y\u0131l t\u00fcm\u00e4n 12. k\u00fcnk\u00e4 t\u00e4gi alp\u0131\u015f \u00e4rklig bolzun 13. taplasar \u00f6zi tutzun tapl(a)masar 14. ad\u0131n ki\u015fik\u00e4 \u00f6tk\u00fcr\u00fc satzun 15. bo yu\u014b\u00e7\u0131n\u0131\u014b so\u014b bayan 16. ogr\u0131s\u0131 yalgan\u0131 bolsa t\u00e4vi kaza- 17. s\u0131 bolsa onluk\u0131 y\u00fczl\u00fcki bolup 18. \u00e7am \u00e7ar\u0131m k\u0131lsar m\u00e4n kukdmun\u0131 19. bilir m\u00e4n alp\u0131\u015f bilm\u00e4z kim kim 20. m\u00e4 bolup \u00e7am \u00e7ar\u0131m k\u0131lsar 21. ulug s\u00fc\u00fck\u00e4 ak yastuk b\u00e4g- 22. l\u00e4rk\u00e4 \u00e4d\u00e4rk\u00e4 yaragu at 23. verip s\u00f6zl\u00e4ri yor\u0131mazun 24. bo ni\u015fan tamga m\u00e4n kukdmun\u0131- 25. n\u0131\u014b ol t(a)nuk \u00f6tg\u00e4k t(a)nuk el\u00e7i buka 26. t(a)nuk t\u00fc\u015ft(\u00e4)m\u00fcr bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuk 27.\u00f6tg\u00e4kni\u014b ol 28. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuk el\u00e7i bukan\u0131\u014b 29. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n t(a)nuk t\u00fc\u015ft(\u00e4)m\u00fcrni\u014b ol 30. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n togan tugdkann\u0131\u014b ol 31. m\u00e4n \u015fila kukdmun\u0131ka in\u00e7g\u00e4 ayt\u0131p 32. bititim<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. Domuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnde 2. bana Kukdmun\u0131 Tamun\u0131\u2019ya kullanmak i\u00e7in 3.
\nb\u00f6z gerek olup Alp\u0131\u015f\u2019tan 4. elli b\u00f6z elden al\u0131p 5. benim Yun\u00e7\u0131 ad\u0131ndaki 6. on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki
\nk\u00f6lemi 7. Alp\u0131\u015f\u2019a do\u011frudan satt\u0131m. 8. elden al\u0131p bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi 9. d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi gibi ben Alp\u0131\u015f
\n10. tamamen say\u0131p verdim. Ben Kukdmun\u0131 11. da eksiksiz tamamen say\u0131p ald\u0131m. 12. Bu
\nYun\u00e7\u0131\u2019ya bin y\u0131l on bin g\u00fcne 13. kadar Alp\u0131\u015f sahip olsun 14. \u0130sterse kendi (elinde) tutsun 15.
\nistemezse ba\u015fka ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131p sats\u0131n 16. Bu Yun\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonradan 17. h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yalan\u0131 olursa veya
\n18. kazas\u0131 olursa onlu\u011fu y\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gelip 19 itiraz ederse ben Kukdmun\u0131 20. sorumluyum. Alp\u0131\u015f
\nsorumlu de\u011fil. 21. Her kim olursa olsun itiraz ederse 22. b\u00fcy\u00fck orduya ak yastuk beylere 23.
\neyerli at verip 24. s\u00f6zleri ge\u00e7mesin. 25. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben Kukdmun\u0131\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. 26. Tan\u0131k \u00d6tgek, tan\u0131k
\nEl\u00e7i Buka 27. tan\u0131k T\u00fc\u015ftemir, bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben 28. \u00d6tgek\u2019indir. 29. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben tan\u0131k El\u00e7i
\nBuka\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. 30. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben tan\u0131k T\u00fc\u015ftemir\u2019indir. 31. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben Togan Tudkan\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r 32
\nBen \u015eila Kukdmun\u0131\u2019ya s\u00f6yleyip 33. yazd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Sa28<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. be\u00e7in y\u0131l \u00e7ah\u015faput ay iki ya\u014b\u0131 2. ka ma\u014ba t\u00e4dmilig kara buka 3. ik\u00e4g\u00fck\u00e4 kar\u00e7l\u0131k k\u00e4r\u00e4k bolup 4. kutlug atl\u0131g katun ki\u015fini sat\u0131p 5. kutlug t\u00e4m\u00fcrtin y\u00fcz \u00e4lig kal\u0131n b\u00f6z 6. ald\u0131m\u0131z bo y\u00fcz \u00e4lig b\u00f6zni 7. sat\u0131g k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcn \u00fcz\u00e4 biz 8. t\u00e4dmilig kara buka ik\u00e4g\u00fc t\u00fck\u00e4l 9. sanap alt\u0131m\u0131z m\u00e4n kutlug t*\u00e4m\u00fc+r 10. ym\u00e4 t\u00fck\u00e4l sanap berdim bo kutlug 11. atl\u0131g katun ki\u015fik\u00e4 mi\u014b y\u0131l 12. t\u00fcm\u00e4n k\u00fcnk\u00e4 t\u00e4gi kutlug t\u00e4m\u00fcr \u00e4rklig 13. bolzun taplasa \u00f6zi tutzun 14. taplamasa ad\u0131n ki\u015fik\u00e4 \u00f6tk\u00fcr\u00fc satzun 15. biz t\u00e4dmilig kara buka ik\u00e4g\u00fc- 16. n\u00fc\u014b akam\u0131z inimiz onlukumuz 17 y\u00fczl\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz kim kim m\u00e4 bolup 18. \u00e7am \u00e7ar\u0131m k\u0131lmazun \u00e4rklig b\u00e4g 19. e\u015fi el\u00e7i yalava\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7in tutup 20. \u00e7amlasarlar yulay\u0131n alay\u0131n tes\u00e4rl\u00e4r 21. bo kutlug t\u00e4g iki ki\u015fi yaratu 22. berip s\u00f6zl\u00e4ri yor\u0131mazun \u00e7amlagu\u00e7\u0131 23. ki\u015fi korlug bolun kutlug t\u00e4m\u00fcr 24. korsuz bolzun tanuk t\u00f6r\u00e4d\u00fc tanuk 25. tonur mu\u014bsuz tanuk tor\u00e7\u0131 tanuk toy\u0131n 26. bo ni\u015fan biz t\u00e4dmilig kara buka ik\u00e4g\u00fc 27. ni\u014b ol m\u00e4n to\u014bma bah\u015f\u0131 t\u00e4dmilig 28. kara buka ik\u00e4g\u00fck\u00e4 in\u00e7g\u00e4 ay\u0131t\u0131p bitidim 29. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk t\u00f6r\u00e4d\u00fcni\u014b ol 29. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk mu\u014bsuzn\u0131\u014b ol 30. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk tor\u00e7\u0131n\u0131\u014b ol 31. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n tanuk toy\u0131nn\u0131\u014b ol 32. Kutlugn\u0131\u014b 33. ba\u015f biti\u011fi ol<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. Maymun y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n on ikinci ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fcnde 2. bana Tedmilig ve Kara Buka\u2019ya 3.
\nikimize kar\u00e7l\u0131k gerek olup 4. Kutlug adl\u0131 hatunu sat\u0131p 5. Kutlug Tem\u00fcr\u2019den y\u00fcz elli b\u00f6z 6. ald\u0131k.
\nBu y\u00fcz elli b\u00f6zi 7. satt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mal \u00fczerine biz 8. Tedmilig ve Kara Buka ikimiz tamamen 9. say\u0131p
\nald\u0131k. Ben Kutlu Tem\u00fcr 10. tamamen say\u0131p verdim. Bu Kutlu 11. adl\u0131 hatuna bin y\u0131l 12. on bin
\ng\u00fcne kadar Kutlug Tem\u00fcr sahip 13. olsun isterse kendi elinde tutsun 14. istemezse ba\u015fkas\u0131na
\nsats\u0131n. 15. Biz Tedmilig ve Kara Buka ikimizin 16 a\u011fabeyi, karde\u015fi, onlu\u011fu, 17. y\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her kim
\nolursa olsun 18. itiraz etmesin. N\u00fcfuz sahibi bey veya 19. bey kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcyle 20. itiraz
\nederlerse zorla alay\u0131m derlerse 21. bu Kutlug gibi iki ki\u015fi verip s\u00f6zleri ge\u00e7mesin. 22. \u0130tiraz eden
\nzararl\u0131 olsun Kutlug Tem\u00fcr 23. zarars\u0131z olsun. Tan\u0131k T\u00f6red\u00fc, tan\u0131k 24. Tonur Munsuz, tan\u0131k
\nTor\u00e7\u0131, tan\u0131k Toy\u0131n. 25. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr biz Tedmilig ve Kara Buka ikimizindir. 26. Ben Tonma Bak\u015f\u0131 Tedmilig ve Kara Buka\u2019ya ikisine 27. \u00f6ylece s\u00f6yleyip yazd\u0131m. 28. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben tan\u0131k
\nT\u00f6red\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 29. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben tan\u0131k Tor\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. 30. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben tan\u0131k Toy\u0131n\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r. 31.
\nKutlug\u2019un 32. belgesinin asl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mi07<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. koyn y\u0131l \u00e7ah\u015faput ay yegirmik\u00e4 m\u00e4n yuka 2. basa togr\u0131ln\u0131\u014b s\u00e4vig b\u00fcrt bil\u00e4- 3. ki \u00e7aml\u0131g \u00e4dg\u00fc konturulm\u0131\u015f olar bil\u00e4 4. bitig k\u0131l\u0131p bermi\u015f as\u0131gl\u0131g k\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f- 5. tin basa togr\u0131ln\u0131\u014b bas\u0131gka t\u00e4g6. mi\u015f s\u00e4kiz s\u0131t\u0131r k\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcg m\u00e4n yuka 7. alt\u0131m \u00f6g bitig t\u0131t\u0131p basa togr\u0131l 8. ka \u00e7am\u0131m yok \u00f6zg\u00e4 onluklar\u0131nta 9. \u00e7am\u0131m \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00e4y\u00fckk\u00e4 \u00f6g biti\u011fin 10. berm\u00e4tim tanuk T\/MW\/Y tanuk bulat 11. bo tamga m\u00e4n yukan\u0131\u014b ol<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/strong><\/span>
\n1. Koyun y\u0131l\u0131, on ikinci ay\u0131n yirmisinde ben Yuka 2. Basa Togr\u0131l\u2019\u0131n Sevig B\u00fcrt ile 3. daval\u0131
\nolan Edg\u00fc ve Kuturulm\u0131\u015f onlar ile 4. senet yap\u0131p verdi\u011fi faizli g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften 5. Basa Togr\u0131l\u2019\u0131n bas\u0131g
\n(vergisine) ait 6. sekiz s\u0131t\u0131r g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ben Yuka 7. ald\u0131m. \u00d6nceki senedi y\u0131rt\u0131p Basa Togr\u0131l\u2019a 8.
\nitiraz\u0131m yok. Ba\u015fka onluklar\u0131nda 9. itiraz\u0131m iptal olmayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nceki senedi 10. vermedim.
\nTan\u0131k T< tan\u0131k Bulat. 11. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben Yuka\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. (\u00d6zyetgin 2004: 215)<\/p>\n

Mi24<\/p>\n

1. it y\u0131l s*\u00e4ki+zin\u00e7 ay y*e+g(i)rmi alt\u0131ka m\u00e4n 2. mu\u014bsuz k(a)ya turm\u0131\u015f t\u00e4m\u00fcrk\u00e4 bitig ber\u00fcr m\u00e4n 3. apamn\u0131\u014b \u00f6g\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00fcrk\u00e4 \u00fcl\u00fc\u015f k\u0131l\u0131p kodm\u0131\u015f 4. \u00e7ug ad\u0131r\u0131p te\u014b\u00e4z\u00e4 borluk\u0131nka a*pa+m*n\u0131\u014b+ 5. biti\u011fi * + \u00e7\u0131n tep \u00e7\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn te\u014b\u00e4z\u00e4tin 6. satg\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f ba\u015f biti\u011fin berip bo borlukta 7. \u00e7am\u0131m karga\u015fa yok t\u00e4p bitig b\u00e4rtim munt\u0131n 8. so\u014bgara m\u00e4n \u00f6z\u00fcm o\u011flan\u0131m aka inim 9. onlukum y\u00fczl\u00fck\u00fcm kim kim m\u00e4 \u00e7am 10. karga\u015fa k\u0131lmazunlar \u00e7amlasarlar s\u00f6z- 11. l\u00e4rimiz yor\u0131mazun bo s\u00f6zk\u00e4 kora k\u0131tay tanuk 12. k\u00fc\u00e7t\u00e4m\u00fcr a\u00e7buka t\u00fck\u00e4l kaya buyan kaya tanuk 13. bo ni\u015fan m\u00e4n mu\u014bsuz kayan\u0131\u014b ol m\u00e4n togda 14. mu\u014bsuz kayaka ayt\u0131p bitidim<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. K\u00f6pek y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sekinzci ay\u0131n\u0131n yirmi alt\u0131s\u0131nda ben 2. Munsuz Kaya, Turm\u0131\u015f Tem\u00fcr\u2019e
\nsenet veriyorum. 3. B\u00fcy\u00fckbabam\u0131n \u00d6g\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7e Tem\u00fcr\u2019le ortak oldu\u011fu ve 4. \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nTeneze \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fckbabam\u0131n 5. sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yerin senedinin asl\u0131n\u0131 verip bu
\n\u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131nda 6. hakk\u0131m\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir senet verdim. Bundan sonra 7. ben, o\u011flum,
\na\u011fabeyim, karde\u015fim, 8. onlu\u011fum, y\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm her kim olursa olsun 9. itiraz etmesinler. 10. \u0130tiraz
\nedersek s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz ge\u00e7mesin. 11. Bu s\u00f6ze Kora K\u0131tay tan\u0131kt\u0131r. 12. K\u00fc\u00e7temir A\u00e7buka, T\u00fckel Kaya,
\nBuyan Kaya tan\u0131kt\u0131r. 13. Bu m\u00fch\u00fcr ben Munsuz Kaya\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. Ben Togda 14 Munsuz Kaya\u2019ya
\ns\u00f6yleyip yazd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki alt\u0131 belgede de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere belgelerde ge\u00e7en onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri Arat\u2019\u0131n mukavele \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve buna itirazda bulunabilecek kimselerin zikri k\u0131sm\u0131nda ge\u00e7en s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cidari birim\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin sadece alt\u0131 belgede tan\u0131klanmas\u0131 bu idari birimlere t\u00fcm Uygurlar\u0131n tabi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu sordurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski Uygur hukuk belgelerinin Uygurlar\u0131n Mo\u011follar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu idari birimleri Mo\u011follar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgilerle de desteklenmektedir. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ke\u015fi\u015f seyyahlar\u0131ndan olan Rubruk, Mo\u011follara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahatte Uygurlar i\u00e7in \u201con veya iki y\u00fcz ki\u015fi bir arada ya\u015farlar.\u201d notunu d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Ayan 2019: 99).
\nUygurlar\u0131n onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck \u015feklinde idari birimlere ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Mo\u011follar\u0131n imparatorluk topraklar\u0131nda yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, \u00f6denecek vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131n ve de\u011ferinin tahminini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve becerikli ustalar ile zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131 bulup kendi te\u015fkilatlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, ayr\u0131ca ordular\u0131 i\u00e7in asker\u00ee kaynak bulmakt\u0131 (\u00d6zyetgin 2004:26).<\/p>\n

Thomas Allsen, Mo\u011follar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey \u00c7in\u2019de 1234-1236 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, M\u00f6nke Han zaman\u0131nda ise t\u00fcm imparatorlu\u011fu kapsayacak \u015fekilde n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Allsen, bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda Uygurlar\u0131n da oldu\u011funu, \u00f6zellikle Kubilay Han d\u00f6neminde 1284 ve 1296 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda Uygurlar\u0131n ondal\u0131k sistem temelinde onluk, y\u00fczl\u00fck, binlik ve t\u00fcmen \u015feklinde asker\u00ee ve idar\u00ee b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder (1983: 262). Allsen bu bilgiler i\u00e7in kaynak olarak \u00c7in\u2019de 1370 y\u0131l\u0131nda Song Lian taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Yuan Shi \u201cY\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 eseri verir.<\/p>\n

\u201cYuan Shi\u201d ve Rubruk Seyahatnamesi gibi tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgiler do\u011frultusunda onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin Uygur hukuk belgelerinin tarihlendirilmesi sorununa bir nebze \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011fu ve yukar\u0131daki alt\u0131 belgenin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihinin XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayr\u0131ca belgelerin s\u00f6zvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse:<\/p>\n

Sa26\u2019n\u0131n be\u015finci sat\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7en Muberek Hoca ki\u015fi ad\u0131ndaki (unvan\u0131ndaki) Muberek s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arap\u00e7a, Hoca s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise Fars\u00e7ad\u0131r. Yine belgenin yedinci sat\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7en aka s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mo\u011folcad\u0131r. Bu tarz Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Uygur metinlerinin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Sa27\u2019nin be\u015finci sat\u0131r\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015far \u00e4r olann\u0131 (oglann\u0131) ifadesindeki on \u00fc\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate de\u011ferdir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede birle\u015fik say\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 sistemi vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u00fcst onluk sistemi, ilaveli say\u0131 sistemi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alt onluk say\u0131 sistemidir.<\/p>\n

Eski Uygurcada alt onluk sistemi 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1350 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Totenbuch\u2019ta \u00fcst onluk ve alt onluk say\u0131 sistemi birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ferruh A\u011fca, 13-14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerin en belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olarak birle\u015fik say\u0131 sisteminde kullan\u0131lan alt onluk say\u0131 sistemi oldu\u011funu ifade eder (2006: 378).<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Sa27\u2019nin yirmi birinci sat\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ulug s\u00fc\u00fck\u00e4 ak yastuk ifadesinde ge\u00e7en ulug s\u00fc\u00fc \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u011fan\u201d tamlamas\u0131 dikkate de\u011ferdir. Larry Clark, Uygur hukuk belgelerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7en bu ulug s\u00fc\u00fc ibaresinin Y\u00fcan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na \u00f6zellikle Kubilay Han\u2019a i\u015faret etti\u011fini ifade etmektedir (1975: 14). Bu durum belgenin Kubilay Han d\u00f6neminde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belgelerden biri olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sa28\u2019in on alt\u0131nc\u0131 sat\u0131r\u0131nda mukavele \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve buna itirazda bulunabilecek kimselerin zikri k\u0131sm\u0131nda ge\u00e7en Mo\u011folca aka \u201ca\u011fabey\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de yine belgelerin XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli i\u015faretlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Mo\u011folca s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yo\u011fun olarak 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Uygurlar\u0131n 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Mo\u011fol hakimiyeti alt\u0131na girmesiyle birlikte bu tarihten sonra yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerde Mo\u011folca s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Doerfer, Uygur metinlerinde tan\u0131klanan Mo\u011folca s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin listesini vermi\u015ftir ve o s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerden biri de aka s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr (1993: 189). Mo\u011folca a\u011fabey anlam\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk dillerinde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mi07\u2019nin alt\u0131nc\u0131 sat\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u201cs\u00e4kiz s\u0131t\u0131r k\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcg\u201d tamlamas\u0131ndaki s\u0131t\u0131r s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc So\u011fdca k\u00f6kenli olup \u201c\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimi, para \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. So\u011fdcaya da Yunanca stater \u201cg\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan kelime bazen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k bazen de para birimi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ayazl\u0131 2016: 207). S\u00f6zc\u00fck Y\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck para birimi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mi24, yukar\u0131daki belgeler i\u00e7erisinde yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 en net olan belgedir. Mi24\u2019\u00fcn on ikinci ve on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sat\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7en T\u00fckel Kaya, Buyan Kaya ve Munsuz Kaya adl\u0131 ki\u015filer 1348- 1360 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Turfan Uygurlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki han olan \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na mensup Tu\u011fluk Timur\u2019un y\u00fcksek memurlar\u0131d\u0131r (Clark 1975: 109). Tu\u011fluk Tem\u00fcr, 1347-1363 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden belgenin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi bu y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrkler, Asya Hunlar\u0131ndan itibaren askeri te\u015fkilatlanmada on ve onun katlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f ve ordunun d\u00fczeni bu onluk sisteme g\u00f6re sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok kavim bu onluk askeri sistemi T\u00fcrklerden alm\u0131\u015f ve kendi devlet kurumlar\u0131na tatbik etmi\u015ftir. Bu kavimlerden biri de Mo\u011follard\u0131r. Cengiz Han d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan imparatorlu\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 yerle\u015fik n\u00fcfustan vergi alma sistemi zamanla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131yla toplanan verginin kontrol\u00fc
\nsa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cengiz Han\u2019dan sonra M\u00f6nke Han zaman\u0131nda bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131na Uygurlar da d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ise 1284 ve 1296 y\u0131llar\u0131nda n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu say\u0131mlarda Uygurlar\u0131n onluk, y\u00fczl\u00fck gibi idari birimlere ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygur hukuk belgelerinin Yamada ne\u015frindeki 121 belge tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onluk ve y\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri alt\u0131 belgede tespit edilmi\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu belgelerin Y\u00fcan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 1284-1368 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin belgelerdeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hem de di\u011fer dillik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerden ortaya konmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re Sa16 ve Sa26 kodlu belgelerde y\u0131l ad\u0131 okunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan herhangi bir tarih verilememi\u015ftir; ancak belgelerde ge\u00e7en Fars\u00e7a ve Mo\u011folca s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hareketle yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihlerinin XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Sa27\u2019nin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 olarak domuz y\u0131l\u0131 notu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Domuz y\u0131l\u0131 miladi takvime g\u00f6re 1287, 1299, 1311, 1323 1335, 1347 ve 1359 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelmektedir. Sa27\u2019de ge\u00e7en ulug s\u00fc\u00fck\u00e4 \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u011fana\u201d tamlamas\u0131 ise Clark\u2019a g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok Kubilay Han i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen bir unvan oldu\u011fundan belgenin Kubilay Han (1294) \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce yani 1287 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Sa28\u2019in yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 maymun y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Maymun y\u0131l\u0131 miladi takvime g\u00f6re 1284, 1296, 1308, 1320, 1332, 1344, 1356 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelmektedir. Sa28\u2019in yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi bu y\u0131llardan biri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mi07\u2019nin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 koyun y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Koyun y\u0131l\u0131 miladi takvime g\u00f6re 1295, 1307, 1319, 1331, 1343, 1355 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelmektedir. Mi07\u2019nin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 bu y\u0131llardan biri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son olarak Mi24\u2019\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 k\u00f6pek y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6pek y\u0131l\u0131 miladi takvime g\u00f6re 1286, 1298, 1310, 1322, 1334, 1346, 1358 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelmektedir. Mi24\u2019te ge\u00e7en ki\u015fi adlar\u0131ndan T\u00fckel Kaya, Buyan Kaya ve Munsuz Kaya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanlar\u0131ndan Tu\u011fluk Timur\u2019un memurlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Tu\u011fluk Tem\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llar 1347-1363 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan bu belgenin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi 1358 y\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz bu tarihlerin kesin oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Ancak tarih\u00ee kaynaklar ve dillik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu alt\u0131 belgenin 1284 ve 1368 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda, yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi belli olmayan metinler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak s\u00f6zvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6z konusu metinlerin tarihlendirilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir kez daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u011eCA, Ferruh (2006), Eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Eserlerin Ses ve \u015eekil \u00d6zelliklerine G\u00f6re
\nTarihlendirilmesi, Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Doktora
\nTezi.
\nALLSEN, Thomas T. (1983), \u201cThe Y\u00fcan Dynasty and Uyghurs of Turfan in the 13th Century\u201d, (Ed).
\nM. Rossabi, China among Equals: The Middle Kindom and its Neighbours, 10-14 Century,
\n243-280.
\nALMAS, Turgun (2013), Uygurlar, \u0130stanbul: Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\nARAT, Re\u015fit, Rahmeti (1987), \u201cEski T\u00fcrk Hukuk Vesikalar\u0131\u201d, Makaleler C 1 (Ed. Osman Fikri
\nSertkaya), Ankara:T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\nAYAN, Cevat Ergin (2019), Mo\u011follar\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Han\u0131na Seyahat, \u0130stanbul: Kronik Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\nAYAZLI, \u00d6zlem (2016), Eski Uygurca Din D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Metinlerin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 S\u00f6z Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Dil
\nKurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\nCLARK, V. Larry (1975), Introduction to the Uyghur Civil Documents of East Turkestan (13th-14th cc.)
\nDissertation of Indiana University, Bloomington.
\n\u0130ZG\u0130, \u00d6zkan (1989), \u00c7in El\u00e7isi Wang Yen\u2019te\u2019nin Uygur Seyahatnamesi, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu
\nBas\u0131mevi.
\n\u00d6ZYETG\u0130N, Melek (2004), Eski T\u00fcrk Vergi Terimleri, Ankara: K\u00d6KSAV Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\n\u00d6ZYETG\u0130N, Melek (2014), \u0130slam \u00d6ncesi Uygurlarda Toprak Hukuku, \u0130stanbul: \u00d6t\u00fcken Ne\u015friyat.
\nYAMADA, Nabou (1993), \u201cUygur sat\u0131\u015f mukavelesi belgelerinin \u015fekilleri.\u201d (\u00c7ev. Emine G\u00fcrsoy
\nNaskali), TDED, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Bas\u0131mevi, C XXVI.
\nYAMADA, Nabou (1993), Sammlung Uigurischer Kontrakte, Osaka: Osaka University Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. Arda KARADAVUT \u00d6zet K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orhon Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Karabalgasun\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle Uygurlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131ya, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney eteklerine, Tar\u0131m havzas\u0131na, kalanlar\u0131ysa g\u00fcneye, \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeyine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m havzas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Uygurlar burada tekrar \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek Uygur \u0130dikut Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f ve bu devlet XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Uygurlar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4141,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4139\/revisions\/4141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}