{"id":4129,"date":"2020-07-08T10:25:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T07:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4129"},"modified":"2020-07-08T10:25:04","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T07:25:04","slug":"turk-kultur-dunyasinda-uygur-askeri-muzigi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4129","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Uygur Asker\u00ee M\u00fczi\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dr. Ha\u015fmet ALTIN\u00d6L\u00c7EK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011fin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk devletlerine kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bu T\u00fcrk devletlerinden biri olan Uygur asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011fine, daha \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk devletleri olan Hun ve K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi, tu\u011f m\u00fczi\u011fi denilmi\u015ftir. Tu\u011f, T\u00fcrk asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011finin Orta Asya\u2019daki ilk ad\u0131d\u0131r. Tu\u011f, bayrak ve davul eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve yetki belgesi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da vazge\u00e7ilmeyen bir te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131 daha sonraki T\u00fcrk devletlerine esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015f ve daha da geli\u015fip te\u015fkilatlanarak farkl\u0131 isimlerle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/span> Asker\u00ee M\u00fczik, Bayrak, Davul, Hakan.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinden olan Uygurlar, Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki Orhun, Selenga ve Tola Nehirlerinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede MS.744 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Tung Ba\u011fa Tarkan d\u00f6neminde \u00c7in entrikalar\u0131 nedeniyle zay\u0131flayan Uygur Devleti\u2019ne, 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar son vermi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Uygurlar, \u00c7in\u2019in Kansu b\u00f6lgesinde, Kansu Uygur Devleti\u2019ni (Sar\u0131 Uygurlar) kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Uygurlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 ise \u0130\u00e7 Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Be\u015f Bal\u0131k, Turfan ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde, yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan (Turfan) Uygur Devleti\u2019ni olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.1 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da kurulan Uygur Devleti, Asya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin de varisi konumundad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hunlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olan Uygurlar\u0131n, birden fazla devlet kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Turfan Uygurlar\u0131, 1206 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kara Hitaylar\u0131n, 1209\u2019da da Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda \u00f6nemli idar\u00ee g\u00f6revler alan Uygurlar, Mo\u011follar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de etkilemi\u015flerdir. Onlara Uygurcay\u0131 \u00f6\u011freterek Uygur dilinin Mo\u011follar\u0131n resm\u00ee dili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Uygurlar bug\u00fcn, Sincan-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.2<\/p>\n

Uygurlar daha \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk devletlerine nazaran g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015famdan yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7meleri nedeniyle her alanda oldu\u011fu gibi m\u00fczik sanat\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015flerdir. Uygurlar Budizm, G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 dini3 ve Maniheizm4 gibi din\u00ee inan\u00e7lar\u0131 benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Hunlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Uygur T\u00fcrklerinde asker\u00ee m\u00fczik, tu\u011f m\u00fczi\u011fi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tu\u011f, bayrak ve davul eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve yetki belgesi say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Eski T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanlar\u0131, yeni tayin edilen komutanlar\u0131 ile beylerine, belirli bir say\u0131da tu\u011f verirlerdi. Bu nedenle \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 tu\u011f T\u00fcrk kavmi\u201d vb. gibi deyimler \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrk kaynaklar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k ge\u00e7en haberlerdi. T\u00fcrk ka\u011fan\u0131ndan tu\u011f alm\u0131\u015f olan boylar, bunlar\u0131 di\u011fer kom\u015fular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ve imtiyaz sebebi gibi kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Tu\u011f g\u00f6nderen hakan imtiyaz\u0131na sahip olmak, T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck hakan olman\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerindendi. Tu\u011f kelimesi \u00e7alg\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131makta olup T\u00fcrk asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011finin Orta Asya\u2019daki ilk ad\u0131d\u0131r. Tu\u011f tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kat say\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ifade ederdi. Yani h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00fc\u00e7 tu\u011f kullan\u0131yorsa tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131 da \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 olmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrklerde b\u00fcy\u00fck generallere, vezirlere, hakan\u0131n hatunlar\u0131na ve ka\u011fandan sonra gelen yabguya da davul ile bayrak veriliyordu. Fakat bunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 hakan\u0131nkinden fazla olmazd\u0131.5 Uygur tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131nda davul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcflemeli \u00e7alg\u0131lar da bulunuyordu.6<\/p>\n

Tu\u011f, ayn\u0131 zamanda ucuna bit miktar at kuyru\u011fu k\u0131llar\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f m\u0131zra\u011fa verilen add\u0131r. Tu\u011flar Orta Asya\u2019da T\u00fcrk hakan ve hanlar\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k simgeleriydi. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet \u00f6ncesi tu\u011flar\u0131n tepesinde alt\u0131n bir kurt ba\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.7 Daha sonralar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde tu\u011flar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi bazen g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften bir hil\u00e2l bulunur bazen de bulunmazd\u0131.8<\/p>\n

Tu\u011f, Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti-t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te hakan \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131nan k\u00f6s ve davul, n\u00f6bet davulu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u201cXan t\u00fcg urd\u0131.\u201d9 \u201cHan, n\u00f6bet davulunu vurdu.\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fi ile tu\u011f\u2019un a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tu\u011f\u2019un kelime olarak ba\u015fka anlamlara geldi\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bizim yayg\u0131n olarak bildi\u011fimiz tu\u011f yine Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te, alem \u201ctoguz tu\u011flug xan\u201d \u201cdokuz tu\u011flu han, hakan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.10 Tu\u011f\u2019un ba\u015fka anlamlar\u0131 da vard\u0131: Su bendi, herhangi bir \u015feyin kapa\u011f\u0131 ya da t\u0131pas\u0131.11<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve sosyal d\u00fczeninde yedi say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmakta ve u\u011furlu bir say\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir. Uygur \u00f6ncesi K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nde ka\u011fana ait tu\u011f tak\u0131mlar\u0131 yedi katl\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra dokuz katl\u0131 tak\u0131mlara ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski T\u00fcrklerde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn derinliklerinin dokuz katl\u0131 oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2kimiyet alan\u0131 ne kadar geni\u015f ya da r\u00fctbesi ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsun, bir hakan dokuzdan fazla tu\u011f kullanamazd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dokuz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furlu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu u\u011furluluk zaman zaman kutluluk ve m\u00fcbareklili\u011fe kadar uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tu\u011flar \u201cbar\u00e7\u0131n\u201d ad\u0131 verilen kuma\u015ftan ya da turuncu renkteki ipekten yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu renkleri de u\u011furlu sayarlard\u0131.12 B\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fcksek medeniyetlerin ana yurdu say\u0131lan Orta Asya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini benimsemesiyle T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n egemenlik simgesi olarak davul ve sancak kullanmalar\u0131 t\u00f6resi, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2lemine de yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dokuz say\u0131s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131na mahsus olan mehter tak\u0131m\u0131 dokuz katl\u0131yd\u0131. Yani bir \u00e7alg\u0131dan ka\u00e7 tane var ise mehter o kadar katl\u0131 oluyordu. Kat say\u0131s\u0131 olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck, mehter padi\u015faha mahsus olan mehter tak\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Bu mehter, Yavuz Sultan Selim ve Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren \u201cMehter\u00e2n-\u0131 Tabl-\u0131 Alem-i H\u00e2ssa\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2miyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrklerde Kurultay\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile hakan\u0131n kurultaya geli\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda davullar \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131p tu\u011flar dikilirdi. Ayr\u0131ca tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca eylemi \u201cTu\u011f vurma\u201d, bir sava\u015f alameti olarak nitelendirilmekte, sava\u015fa giderken ve sava\u015ftan gelirken \u00e7al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Bu t\u00f6re, T\u00fcrklerdeki devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nemli olaylarda veya farkl\u0131l\u0131klarda, davul ile beraber di\u011fer m\u00fczik aletleri de haberci durumundayd\u0131. Egemenlik ve g\u00fcc\u00fc simgeleyen sancak ve davulun elden gitmesi ise idare ve ordunun da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in kutsal say\u0131lan sancak ile davul bir b\u00fct\u00fcn durumundayd\u0131 ikisi birlikte de tu\u011f diye nitelendirilirdi ve tu\u011fun a\u00e7\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p dalgaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da bir sava\u015f habercisi olarak say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.13 Sava\u015f\u0131n habercisi olarak tu\u011fun a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p dalgaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gelene\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne de ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde sava\u015f ilan edildi\u011fi zaman sancak-\u0131 \u015ferif Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda mehter e\u015fli\u011finde getirilip dikilirdi. B\u00f6ylece sava\u015f ilan edilmi\u015f olurdu. Askerlerin
\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in sanca\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmekteydi.14 T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyet al\u00e2meti olarak davul ve sancak kullanmalar\u0131 usul\u00fc, T\u00fcrkler vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131. T\u00fcrkler kurduklar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m devletlerinde bu eski gelene\u011fi devam ettirdiler.15<\/p>\n

XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd da tu\u011f i\u00e7in \u201cdavul ve k\u00f6s\u201d diyordu. Ba\u015fka bir yorumda bulunmuyor ve di\u011fer musik\u00ee aletlerinden s\u00f6z a\u00e7m\u0131yordu. Ancak tu\u011fun ikinci ve as\u0131l manas\u0131, \u201csancak\u201d demekti. Cengiz Han da gece n\u00f6bet\u00e7ilerine verdi\u011fi emir ve yasalarda, hakanl\u0131k ota\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde tu\u011flar ile davullar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 emrediyordu. Yani tu\u011f ile davul, birbirinden ayr\u0131lmayan iki devlet sembol\u00fc idiler.16<\/p>\n

Tu\u011f kelimesini ilk olarak M\u00d6 IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan, T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 tahmin edilen ve hanedan dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olan Hiung-nu Devleti\u2019nde g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Siyas\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel m\u00fcnasebetler vesilesi ile \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131nda Hiung-nu dilinde tespit edilen \u201cTanr\u0131, kut, ordu, tu\u011f, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u201d vb. ifadeler T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olup T\u00fcrk dilinin en eski kelimelerini te\u015fkil etmektedir.17<\/p>\n

VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 ve \u201c\u015eine-Usu\u201d Yaz\u0131t\u0131\u2019nda k\u00fclp\u00fcge ve tu\u011f \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir. Yaz\u0131tlarda ge\u00e7en \u201ctu\u011f \u00e7alg\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131\u201d ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201csancak tak\u0131m\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 kaynakta, T\u00fcrklerin Orta Asya\u2019daki tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015funlar oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: Y\u0131ra\u011f (Zurna), Borguy, Bur veya Bu\u011f (Boru, nefir), K\u00f6vr\u00fc\u011f (K\u00f6s), T\u00fcmr\u00fck (Davul) ve Ceng (Zil).18 \u0130\u015fte bu \u00e7alg\u0131lardan Uygur zurnas\u0131, eski d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n boynuzundan yap\u0131lan, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde ise erik a\u011fac\u0131 ve bak\u0131rdan yap\u0131lan \u00fcflemeli bir \u00e7alg\u0131d\u0131r.19<\/p>\n

\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00c7inli bir general siyas\u00ee g\u00f6revle Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n Ku\u00e7a, Balagasun gibi \u00f6nemli merkezlerinde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n saray\u0131na misafir olur. General, \u00fclkesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde T\u00fcrklerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131larla saray\u0131nda tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kurar. \u00c7inli generalin \u00fclkesine getirdi\u011fi sazlar i\u00e7inde \u201cHou Kya\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan ileri d\u00f6n\u00fck boyunlu, perde delikli, m\u00fcthi\u015f ses \u00e7\u0131karan bir boru \u00e7e\u015fidinin oldu\u011fu da bu kaynakta belirtilmi\u015ftir.20<\/p>\n

K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi daha sonraki T\u00fcrk ka\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde de davul vuruldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u0130bn Hald\u00fbn, T\u00fcrk devletlerinde, ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir tu\u011f ve sancak ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7ok bayra\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ve davul ve k\u00f6s\u2019\u00fcn T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.21<\/p>\n

Asker\u00ee m\u00fczik tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 davul idi, nevbet vurma da davul ve k\u00f6slerin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nevbet gelene\u011fi ilk olarak Hun T\u00fcrklerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd da h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131nan k\u00f6s ve davula \u201ctu\u011f\u201d denildi\u011fini, \u201cHan tu\u011f urd\u0131.\u201d deyiminin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmdar nevbet \u00e7ald\u0131.\u201d demek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Uygur Devleti\u2019nde de \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk devletlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi nevbet yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu gelenek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nevbet (n\u00f6bet, navba, naubat) kelimesi, s\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cdevir, f\u0131rsat, topluluk, felaket\u201d ve \u201casker\u00ee m\u00fczik toplulu\u011funun ota\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde davul vurarak icra etti\u011fi m\u00fczik\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.22 T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan nevbet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir uyand\u0131rmad\u0131r, uyarmad\u0131r, haber vermedir ve zaman ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ifadesidir.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinde sava\u015flar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck merasimlerden \u00f6nce hanl\u0131k ota\u011f\u0131 kurulur, tu\u011f dikilir ve davul vurulmaya ba\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131.23 Bunun i\u00e7in \u201cTu\u011f vuruldu.\u201d deyimi \u201cHanl\u0131k davullar\u0131n\u0131n vuruldu\u011fu\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.24 Uygur hakan\u0131 da ulu, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, kutsanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fidir. Her g\u00fcn nevbet vurulmas\u0131, Uygur hakan\u0131n\u0131n kutsanmas\u0131, selamlanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn vurgulanmas\u0131 gibi anlamlar bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.25<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrkler, Tanr\u0131ya at kurban ederler ve at\u0131n k\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 da tu\u011flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131rlard\u0131. Belki tu\u011fun kutsal say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de bu olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca onlar, kurban edilmi\u015f bir at\u0131n k\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n da saklanmas\u0131n\u0131n insana u\u011fur getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu gelenek devam etmekte ve at\u0131n nal\u0131n\u0131 saklaman\u0131n ya da evin bir yerine asman\u0131n, o haneye u\u011fur getirebilece\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki T\u00fcrkler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn co\u011frafyada iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7evresine yayarak geleneklerini hep canl\u0131 ve geli\u015fmeye a\u00e7\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar d\u00f6neminde m\u00fczik, K\u00f6k T\u00fcrkler d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re her bak\u0131mdan \u00e7ok daha geli\u015fmi\u015f, \u00e7ok daha \u00e7e\u015fitlenip zenginle\u015fmi\u015f olarak devlet, toplum ve birey ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n, din ve devlet t\u00f6renlerinin, bayram, \u015f\u00f6len ve e\u011flencelerin ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez \u00f6\u011felerinden biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.26 Uygurlar, T\u00fcrk m\u00fczi\u011fi ezgisinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak \u201ck\u00f6k\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n davul, eski Uygur yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u201calt\u0131n k\u00f6vr\u00fcg\u201d olarak ge\u00e7er. Bu da bir saltanat k\u00f6s\u00fc veya davulu olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eaman davulu ise b\u00fcy\u00fck bir defti.27 Eski bir Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle deniliyordu; \u201c\u2026Alt\u0131n Davulu (alt\u0131n k\u00f6vr\u00fcg), her g\u00fcn b\u00f6yle d\u00f6\u011f\u00fcp tokmaklay\u0131p\u2026\u201d Bu dizeden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki her g\u00fcn belirli bir zamanda alt\u0131n davul \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131yordu. Burada davulun kasna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n ya da alt\u0131n kaplama oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.28 Davul\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 ise bir nevi \u201cnevbet\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131
\nolarak yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 duyurmak i\u00e7in de alt\u0131n davulu kullanmaktayd\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc alt\u0131nl\u0131 devlet k\u00f6sleri veya davullar eski T\u00fcrklerde, hakan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyordu. Ayr\u0131ca davulun g\u00fcne\u015fi simgeledi\u011fi i\u00e7in kutsal say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve davul verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n da kutsand\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tu\u011f ise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sembol\u00fc olmaktan ba\u015fka devlet i\u00e7inde hiyerar\u015fide bir ayr\u0131m vas\u0131tas\u0131 ve mevki sembol\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck davullar ve k\u00f6sler daha \u00e7ok sava\u015f aletidir. Tu\u011flar ve bayraklar ile birlikte bulunur ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015ftururlard\u0131. Bu gelenek \u00c7in\u2019de de vard\u0131. Eski bir Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manal\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile \u201cutmak yigedmelik k\u00f6vr\u00fcg-\u00fcg\u201d diye bir \u201cfetih ve zafer davulu\u201dndan s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu metin \u00fcnl\u00fc Buda gezgini Hs\u00fcan Tsang\u2019\u0131n gezi raporundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00c7ince metinde yaln\u0131zca \u201cdavul\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7mektedir.29<\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrklerinde, \u201cm\u00fcjde\u201d veya \u201czafer\u201d davuluna \u201cUtmak yigedmelig k\u00f6vr\u00fcg\u201d denirdi. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201cutmak\u201d, \u201cyenmek, galip gelmek\u201d demektir. Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yenmi\u015f er veya yi\u011fit i\u00e7in de \u201cutmu\u015f er\u201d denirdi. \u201cUtmak-yigedmek\u201d de birle\u015fik bir deyimdir. \u201cYigedmek\u201d, as\u0131l anlam\u0131 olan iyile\u015fmenin yan\u0131nda \u201cyenme ve y\u00fckselme\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131verirdi.30<\/p>\n

Roger Finch Uygur asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011finde kullan\u0131lan davul \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir: \u201cOnlar g\u00fcn ve g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, davula vururlar, bu adet ile duyurular\u0131 yaparlar.\u201d, \u201cAy\u0131n on yedinci g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fafak s\u00f6kerken Prens Kalyanamkara en b\u00fcy\u00fck davulun \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p vurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve nelerin oldu\u011funun duyurulmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti.\u201d \u201cVe alt\u0131n davul her yan\u0131ndaki g\u00fczel \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar ile sanki bir g\u00fcne\u015f gibi parlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d31<\/p>\n

Tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan di\u011fer bir \u00e7alg\u0131 da burga, (boru, daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde nefir de denilmekte) en eski \u00fcflemeli \u00e7alg\u0131lardan biridir. Bu \u00e7alg\u0131 eski d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan boynuzundan ya da ke\u00e7i boynuzundan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Burga ya da borgu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7alg\u0131, daha sonralar\u0131 bak\u0131rdan da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n debdebe yapma, co\u015fturma, sava\u015flarda kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 \u00fcrk\u00fctme gibi g\u00f6revlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra devlet merasimi, gelen misafirlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcjdeli olaylar\u0131n duyurulmas\u0131 gibi nevbet vurma g\u00f6revleri de vard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli Uygur \u015f\u00f6lenlerinde de tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nevbet vurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. T\u00fcrklerin hakanl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen nevbet, her zaman h\u00fcrmet ve sayg\u0131 i\u00e7inde dinlenmi\u015ftir.32 Cesaretlerini davulun titre\u015fimlerinde bileyen atalar\u0131m\u0131z, taktiklerini davul ile duyurmu\u015f ve davulu ordunun etkin bir silah\u0131 olarak
\nkullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hakan olmak, davula sahip olmak ve davulun sesi ile \u00fclkesine h\u00e2kimiyetini duyurmak ile e\u015f de\u011fer olmu\u015ftur.33<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyet al\u00e2meti olarak davul ve sancak kullanmalar\u0131 usul\u00fc, T\u00fcrkler vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde de yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asker\u00ee m\u00fczik tak\u0131mlar\u0131 Abbas\u00eelerde, Harzem\u015fahl\u0131larda, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019nda, Meml\u00fbklarda ve Anadolu Beylikleri\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.34 Bu gelenek, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7inde geni\u015fleyerek, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir kurulu\u015f olarak y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tabii bir sonucu olarak bu tarih\u00ee gelenek bug\u00fcn de ya\u015fat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyet al\u00e2metlerinden olan tu\u011f tak\u0131m\u0131, hakan\u0131n ha\u015fmetinin bir g\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015f ve sava\u015fan askerleri \u015fevke getirerek co\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca tu\u011f, bayrak ve davul eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve yetki belgesi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asker\u00ee m\u00fczik \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan davul da her d\u00f6nem kutsal say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asker\u00ee m\u00fczik, sava\u015fta ordunun d\u00fczen ve disiplini bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ordunun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, hareketi, d\u00fczeni ve asker\u00ee taktikler hep davul \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davullar\u0131n ve k\u00f6slerin g\u00f6k g\u00fcrlemesine benzer \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkutucu t\u0131n\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015fman askerinin sinir sistemini tahrip etmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk askerinin de maneviyat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek mill\u00ee duygular\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcceltmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fcnya tarihinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de asker\u00ee m\u00fczik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir millet olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 Saadettin G\u00f6me\u00e7, Uygur T\u00fcrkleri Tarihi, Berikan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2009, s. 12-36.<\/p>\n

2 Timur Vural, \u201cT\u00fcrklerde Erken D\u00f6nem Askeri M\u00fczik\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye
\nStratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014, s. 1092.
\n3 Budizm: Buda taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bir dindir. Budizm MS 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrkistan, 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kore, 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda
\nJaponya, 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Tibet\u2019te yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4 G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 Dini: En eski inan\u00e7 sistemidir. T\u00fcrklerin, Mo\u011follar\u0131n ve Asya g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerinin eski dinidir.
\n5 Maniheizm: 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda Mani taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir
\nco\u011frafyaya yay\u0131lan bir din. Mani dini en parlak d\u00f6nemini 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Uygur Devleti\u2019nin mill\u00ee dini olarak il\u00e2n
\nedilmesi ile ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mani kelimesinin Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u201cMeng\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr ve \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde
\n\u201cTanr\u0131\u201d demektir.
\n6 Bahaeddin \u00d6gel, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihine Giri\u015f, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, C. VIII, Ankara 1991, s. 49.
\n7 \u0130brahim Kafeso\u011flu, T\u00fcrk Milli K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1995, s. 342.
\n8 G\u00fcl\u00e7in \u00c7andarl\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cUygur Devletleri Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, T\u00fcrkler Ansiklopedisi, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, C.
\nII, Ankara 2002, s. 210.<\/p>\n

9 \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Saray Te\u015fkilat\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1988, s.264.
\n10 K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd, Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk, Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2005, s. 589.
\n11 K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd, age., s. 589.
\n12 K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd, age., s. 589.
\n13 K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd, age., s. 589.<\/p>\n

14 Nazmi \u00d6zalp, T\u00fcrk Musikisi Tarihi, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 2000, s. 43.
\n15 F\u0131rat Bozta\u015f, Onalt\u0131nc\u0131 Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sonuna Kadar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Tabl ve Alem Mehterleri Te\u015fkilat\u0131, \u0130stanbul
\n\u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Tarih Anabilim Dal\u0131, Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul
\n2009, s. 10.
\n16 Ha\u015fmet Alt\u0131n\u00f6l\u00e7ek, \u201cAsker\u00ee M\u00fbsik\u00ee Gelene\u011fi ve Mehterh\u00e2nenin Bir Kurum Olarak Yerle\u015fme S\u00fcreci\u201d, Yeni
\nT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y\u0131l: 10, S. 57, Ankara
\nMart-Nisan 2014, s. 1114.
\n17 Bahaeddin \u00d6gel, age., s. 196.
\n18 \u0130brahim Kafeso\u011flu, T\u00fcrk Milli K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2005, s. 59.
\n19 Pars Tu\u011flac\u0131, Mehterhane\u2019den Bando\u2019ya, Cem Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 1986, s. 3.
\n20 Mahmud R. Gazimihal, T\u00fcrk Nefesli \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2001, s. 32.<\/p>\n

21 Pars Tu\u011flac\u0131, age., s. 3.
\n22 Ahmet Tezba\u015far, Mehter Tarihi, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 ve Mar\u015flar\u0131, Berksoy Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 1975, s. 15.
\n23 Abd\u00fclkerim \u00d6zayd\u0131n, \u201cNevbet\u201d, D\u0130A, C. XXXIII, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2007, s. 39.
\n24 Erdo\u011fan Mer\u00e7il, Sel\u00e7uklularda H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k Alametleri, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2007, s. 116.
\n25 Ha\u015fmet Alt\u0131n\u00f6l\u00e7ek, \u201cBir G\u00fc\u00e7 Simgesi Olarak Ey\u00fcp Mehteri\u201d, XI. Ey\u00fcpsultan Sempozyumu Tebli\u011fler, Ey\u00fcp
\nBelediyesi K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sosyal \u0130\u015fler M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2012, s. 159.
\n26 Timur Vural, \u201cT\u00fcrklerde Erken D\u00f6nem Askeri M\u00fczik\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye
\nStratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014, s. 1092.<\/p>\n

27 Ahmet \u015eahin Ak, T\u00fcrk M\u00fczi\u011fi Tarihi, Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2003, s. 37.
\n28 \u00d6gel, age., s. 196.
\n29 \u00d6gel, age., s. 196.
\n30 \u00d6gel, age., s. 198.
\n31 \u00d6gel, age., s. 114.<\/p>\n

32 Roger Finch, \u201cMusical Instruments in Uigur Literatureand Art\u201d, Uluslararas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u00d6ncesi T\u00fcrk Kongresi
\nBildirileri, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, S. 119, Ankara 1997, s. 321.
\n33 Henry George Farmer, \u201cTablhane\u201d, \u0130A, C. XI, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 1979, s. 604.
\n34 Timur Vural, \u201cT\u00fcrk Askeri M\u00fczik Gelene\u011fi\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014, s. 1066.<\/p>\n

B\u0130BL\u0130YOGRAFYA<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak, Ahmet \u015eahin, T\u00fcrk M\u00fczi\u011fi Tarihi, Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2003.
\nAlt\u0131n\u00f6l\u00e7ek, Ha\u015fmet. \u201cBir G\u00fc\u00e7 Simgesi Olarak Ey\u00fcp Mehteri\u201d, XI. Ey\u00fcpsultan Sempozyumu Tebli\u011fler, Ey\u00fcp Belediyesi K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sosyal \u0130\u015fler M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2012.
\nAlt\u0131n\u00f6l\u00e7ek, Ha\u015fmet. \u201cAsker\u00ee M\u00fbsik\u00ee Gelene\u011fi ve Mehterh\u00e2nenin Bir Kurum Olarak Yerle\u015fme
\nS\u00fcreci\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi
\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014.
\nBozta\u015f, F\u0131rat, Onalt\u0131nc\u0131 Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sonuna Kadar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Tabl ve Alem Mehterleri
\nTe\u015fkilat\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Tarih Anabilim Dal\u0131, Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul 2009.
\n\u00c7andarl\u0131o\u011flu. G\u00fcl\u00e7in, \u201cUygur Devletleri Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, T\u00fcrkler Ansiklopedisi, C. II, Ankara
\n2002.
\nFarmer, Henry George. \u201cTablhane\u201d, \u0130A, C. XI, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 1979.
\nFinch, Roger. \u201cMusical Instruments in Uigur Literatureand Art\u201d, Uluslararas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u00d6ncesi
\nT\u00fcrk Kongresi Bildirileri, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, S. 119, Ankara 1997.
\nGazimihal, Mahmud Rag\u0131p, T\u00fcrk Nefesli \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2001.
\nG\u00f6me\u00e7, Saadettin, Uygur T\u00fcrkleri Tarihi, Berikan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2009.
\nKafeso\u011flu, \u0130brahim, T\u00fcrk Milli K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1995.
\nK\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd, Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcg\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk, Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2005.
\nKayabal\u0131, \u0130smail – Arslano\u011flu, Cemender, \u201cMehter Musikisi\u201d, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, S. 130, 131, 132, \u0130stanbul 1973.
\nMer\u00e7il, Erdo\u011fan, Sel\u00e7uklularda H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k Alametleri, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara
\n2007.
\n\u00d6gel, Bahaeddin, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihine Giri\u015f, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, C. VIII, Ankara 1991.
\n\u00d6zalp, Nazmi, T\u00fcrk Musikisi Tarihi, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 2000.
\n\u00d6zayd\u0131n, Abd\u00fclkerim, \u201cNevbet\u201d D\u0130A, C. XXXIII, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2007, s. 116.
\nTezba\u015far, Ahmet, Mehter Tarihi, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 ve Mar\u015flar\u0131, Berksoy Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 1975.
\nTu\u011flac\u0131, Pars, Mehterhane\u2019den Bandoya, Cem Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 1986.
\nUzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Saray Te\u015fkilat\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarihi Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,
\nAnkara 1988.
\nVural, Timur, \u201cT\u00fcrklerde Erken D\u00f6nem Askeri M\u00fczik\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131,
\nYeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014.
\nVural, Timur, \u201cT\u00fcrk Askeri M\u00fczik Gelene\u011fi\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk M\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Y. 10, S. 57, Ankara 2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dr. Ha\u015fmet ALTIN\u00d6L\u00c7EK \u00d6zet T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011fin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk devletlerine kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bu T\u00fcrk devletlerinden biri olan Uygur asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011fine, daha \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk devletleri olan Hun ve K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi, tu\u011f m\u00fczi\u011fi denilmi\u015ftir. Tu\u011f, T\u00fcrk asker\u00ee m\u00fczi\u011finin Orta Asya\u2019daki ilk ad\u0131d\u0131r. Tu\u011f, bayrak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turk-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4131,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4129\/revisions\/4131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}