{"id":4022,"date":"2020-07-02T10:24:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T07:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4022"},"modified":"2020-07-03T11:59:40","modified_gmt":"2020-07-03T08:59:40","slug":"hokand-hanliginda-uygurlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4022","title":{"rendered":"Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Uygurlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eerali KOLDA\u015eEV<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u00d6zet<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu makalede Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1709-1876) d\u00f6nemindeki Uygurlar\u0131n faaliyetleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayan\u0131larak onlar\u0131n Hanl\u0131ktaki siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi s\u00fcre\u00e7lere kat\u0131l\u0131m derecesi incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi topraklar\u0131 olan Fergana b\u00f6lgesindeki bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fim merkezinde yerle\u015fik hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fcren toplumlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, in\u015faat ve sulama i\u015flerinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdikleri, Hotan-ar\u0131k, \u00c7inabad gibi kanallar kazd\u0131klar\u0131, Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi arazilerinde bulunan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe toplumlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7melerine katk\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik ve zanaatla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na dair bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 Uygurlar\u0131n Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda edindikleri rol\u00fc \u00f6zetleyecek olursak, onlar\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca \u00c7in bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131, bazen de Hokand hanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Uygurlar\u0131 Fergana b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7e davet ettikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Say\u0131lar\u0131 birka\u00e7 bini a\u015fan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar, Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Nemengan, Andican, Hokand, Hocend, O\u015f gibi ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fehirlerine ve onlar\u0131n civarlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 ve zamanla yerli ahaliye kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anahtar S\u00f6zc\u00fckler: Uygur, Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Orta Asya, Do\u011fu Turkistan, Diaspora.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n tarihte Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan topraklar\u0131) ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan olarak bilinen, bug\u00fcnlerde ise Orta Asya ve \u00c7in\u2019in Sincan-Uygur \u00d6zerk rayonu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmakta olan b\u00f6lgeleri halklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok eski tarihlerden beri devam etmekte olan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden biridir. Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Pamir s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 bu iki b\u00f6lgeyi ikiye ay\u0131rsa da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve iktisadi ili\u015fkiler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak s\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle, \u00e7e\u015fitli siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar ve iktisadi buhranlar nedeniyle her iki b\u00f6lgede bulunan toplumlar\u0131n birinden di\u011ferine g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi bilinmektedir. Zamanla onlar g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri b\u00f6lgenin sosyal, iktisadi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131na kat\u0131larak yerli ahaliyle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar\u0131n Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1709-1876) topraklar\u0131ndaki faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok tarihi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ayd\u0131nlatmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken ba\u015fta \u00c7in ve Rus kaynaklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere miladi 18-20. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait Fars-Tacik ve T\u00fcrk dilinde yaz\u0131lan el yazma eserlerdeki bilgilerden yararlanmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Zeyniddin Muhammed Emin Sedri Ka\u015fgar\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cEser\u2019\u00fcl-F\u00fct\u00fch\u201d1, \u015eah Mahmud b. Fazil \u00c7uras\u2019\u0131n \u201cSalname\u201d2, Seng Muhammed Bedeh\u015fan\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i Bedeh\u015fan\u201d3, Muhammed Hakimhan\u2019\u0131n \u201cM\u00fcnteheb\u2019\u00fct-Tevarih\u201d4, \u0130mam Ali Kunduz\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cTevarih-i
\nMenzume\u201d5, Mirza Muhammed Heyder\u2019in \u201cTarih-i Re\u015fidi\u201d eserine Muhammed \u015eerif\u2019in ilavesi6, Mirza \u015eems Buhar\u00ee\u2019nin Buhara, Hokand ve Ka\u015fgar hakk\u0131ndaki hat\u0131ralar\u01317, Molla Niyaz Muhammed\u2019in \u201cTarih-i \u015eahruh\u00ee\u201d8, Mirza Alim Mu\u015frif\u2019in \u201cEnsab\u2019\u00fcs-Selatin ve Tevarih\u2019\u00fcl Havakin\u201d9, Muhammed Salih Ta\u015fkend\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i cedide-i Ta\u015fkend\u201d10, Muhammed Yunus Taib\u2019in \u201cTarih-i Al\u0131kul\u0131 Emirle\u015fker\u201d11, Avaz Muhammed Attar\u2019\u0131n \u201cTarih-i\u00a0 Cihannemai\u201d12, Tacir\u2019in \u201cGaraib-i sipah\u201d13, Dil\u015fadi Barna\u2019n\u0131n \u201cTarihi Muhaciran\u201d14, \u00dcveys\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cVakaati Muhammed Ali Han\u201d15, Muhammed Aziz Margilan\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i Azizi\u201d16, Ebu Ubeydullah Muhammed\u2019in \u201cHulaset\u2019\u00fcl-Ahval\u201d17, \u201cEncum\u2019\u00fct-Tevarih\u201d18, Mirza \u015eemsiddin Buhari\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i ceng-i Emir Nasrullahi ve Muhammed Ali Han\u201d19, Mirza Kalander Mu\u015frif \u0130brahim\u00ee\u2019nin \u201c\u015eahname-i \u00d6mer Hani\u201d20, Ebu el-Azim Sami\u2019nin \u201cTuhfe-i \u015eahi\u201d21, \u0130shakhan T\u00f6re\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i Fergana\u201d22, Molla Alim Mahdum\u2019un \u201cTarih-i T\u00fcrkistan\u201d23, Molla Halbek b. Molla Musa Andicani\u2019nin \u201cGaribname\u201d24, Mahmud Hakim Yayfani\u2019nin \u201cHulles\u2019\u00fct-Tevarih\u201d25, Muahmmed Fazilbek\u2019in \u201cM\u00fckemmel tarih-i Fergana\u201d26, \u201c\u015eahname-i Mutrib\u201d27, Abdulgafur\u2019un \u201cZafarname\u201d28, Bknazar\u2019\u0131n \u201cEmirle\u015fker cengnamesi\u201d29, \u201c\u015eahname-i Endelib\u201d30, Kurban Ali Ayaguzi\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i Hamsa-i \u015earki\u201d31, Molla \u0130brahim Fanahi\u2019nin \u201c\u015earki T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi\u201d32, Muhammed S\u0131dd\u0131k Ru\u015fdi\u2019nin \u201cTezkiret\u2019\u00fcl-Evliya-i T\u00fcrki\u201d33, Bilal Nizam\u2019\u0131n \u201cGazat der m\u00fclki \u00c7in\u201d34, \u0130lyas Ahund\u2019un \u201cKa\u015fgar tarihi\u201d35 gibi el yazma eserlerindeki Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihine ait bilgiler hala netlik kazanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi ile birlikte Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lara dair bilgiler de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

15. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7isi Abdurezzak Semerkandi\u2019nin \u201cMetle\u2019\u00fcs-Sedeyn\u201d eserinde bu konuyla ilgili \u015fu ifadeler yer almaktad\u0131r: \u201cEmirzade \u00d6mer \u015eeyh Ka\u015fgar\u2019a gitti. Mo\u011fulistan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) han\u0131 H\u0131z\u0131r Hoca O\u011flan ve Hudeydad Mo\u011fol \u015fehrini (Ka\u015fgar\u2019\u0131) b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmeye mecbur kald\u0131lar. Emirzade \u00d6mer \u015eeyh Hudaydad Mo\u011fol\u2019un anas\u0131n\u0131 ve Emir Aka\u2019y\u0131 hem de onlar\u0131n heremlerini ele ge\u00e7irerek onlar\u0131 Semerkand\u2019a yollad\u0131. Ka\u015fgar ahalisini de Andican\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u201d
\n36. Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Uygurlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu \u00fczerine tarihi kaynaklarda farkl\u0131 bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Uygurlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 324 bin olarak g\u00f6sterilirken37 di\u011fer kaynaklarda 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar Hokand topraklar\u0131nda 200-250 bin Ka\u015fgarl\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilir38.<\/p>\n

Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gelip yerle\u015fen s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131 tarihi kaynaklar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli edebiyatlardaki39 bilgilere dayanarak sosyal katmanlar\u0131na, etnik k\u00f6kenine ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mekanlara g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Yarkentli, U\u00e7-Turfanl\u0131, Hotanl\u0131, Ku\u00e7arl\u0131, Aksulu vb. i\u00e7inde Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r40. Etnik olarak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar Uygur, Dungan, Ka\u015fgar \u00e7ingeneleri ve di\u011fer etnoslardan olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyal
\nkatmanlar\u0131ndan temsilciler, y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f vekilleri, ileri gelenler, \u00e7ift\u00e7i, zanaat\u00e7\u0131, \u015fair ve bilim adamlar\u0131, bulunmu\u015ftur. D\u00f6nemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda bu s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u201cTa\u011fl\u0131k\u201d (Da\u011fl\u0131) tabiri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r41. 1850-1858 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a giden Kazak ileri gelenlerinden biri olan \u00c7okan Valihanov bu tabir \u00fczerine \u015f\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunur: \u201cDa\u011fl\u013142 \u2013 bu t\u00fcm K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buharal\u0131lar\u0131 (Uygurlar\u0131-yazar.) d\u00fczl\u00fcklerde ya\u015fayanlardan ay\u0131rt eden adlardan biridir, Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 m\u00fcltecilere nispeten kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d43. Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu tabirin faal olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yerli ahali Hokand \u015fehrinin ana kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini \u201cTa\u011fl\u0131k dervazas\u0131\u201d, bu kap\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a giden yolu \u201cTa\u011fl\u0131klar yolu\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r44. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u015fah\u0131s adlar\u0131na da Ta\u011fl\u0131k \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eklenmi\u015ftir. Yusuf Mingba\u015f\u0131 Ta\u011fl\u0131k45, Yunus Ta\u011fl\u0131k46 vs. \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u00d6mer Han (1810-1822), 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda askeri reformlar yaparak Hanl\u0131ktaki \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik gruplardan olu\u015fan askeri birlikler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Toplamda 50 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan farkl\u0131 tu\u011flar (askeri b\u00f6l\u00fcmler) olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve onlara Tu\u011fba\u015f\u0131 veya Tu\u011fbe\u011fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r47. Afganlardan olu\u015fan \u201cTu\u011f\u0131 Afgani\u201d, Taciklerden olu\u015fan \u201cTu\u011f\u0131 Taciki\u201d, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan \u201cTu\u011f\u0131 Ta\u011fl\u0131k\u201d onlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u201cTu\u011f\u0131 Ta\u011fl\u0131k\u201da Tu\u011fbegi olarak Ka\u015fgar\u2019dan gelen Yusuf Ka\u015fgari tayin olunmu\u015ftur. Bu askeri birlik Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015flara faal olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hizmetlerinden dolay\u0131 ona \u201cDadhah\u201d48 unvan\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbelerinden olan Mingba\u015f\u0131 (Binba\u015f\u0131)l\u0131\u011fa atan\u0131r ve Hanl\u0131k ordusunun ba\u015f komutan\u0131, yani Emirle\u015fker olarak tayin olur.19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan tarih\u00e7i Molla Alim Mahdum Hac\u0131 \u201cTarih-i T\u00fcrkistan\u201d eserinde: \u201c\u00d6mer Han nihayetde asayi\u015fte h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k eyleb, and\u0131n keyin (Mingba\u015f\u0131) G\u00fcli\u015fahi Marg\u0131lanl\u0131kn\u0131 Hokandga hakim k\u0131l\u0131b, an\u0131ng orn\u0131ga Yusuf Ka\u015fgarini Mingba\u015f\u0131 ve Emirle\u015fker k\u0131l\u0131b meslehet eylebd\u00fcrkim\u201d (\u00d6mer Han, son derecede refah i\u00e7inde y\u00f6neticilik yap\u0131p, sonradan (Binba\u015f\u0131) Marg\u0131lanl\u0131 G\u00fcli\u015fah\u2019\u0131 Hokand\u2019a hakim tayin ederek onun yerine Yusuf Ka\u015fgari\u2019yi Binba\u015fi ve Emirle\u015fker tayin etmi\u015fti.) der49.<\/p>\n

Yusuf Ka\u015fgari, \u00d6mer Han taraf\u0131ndan Hokand askeri kuvvetlerinin yeni ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 olarak orduya ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f ve 1818 y\u0131l\u0131nda Buhara Emirli\u011fi ile nizal\u0131 b\u00f6lge olan Oratepe \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Ordu, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn zarf\u0131nda Oratepe\u2019den Semerkand civarlar\u0131na ula\u015fan topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Bu askeri zaferlerden sonra ikna olan \u00d6mer Han, Molla Alim Mahdum Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaydettiklerine g\u00f6re ba\u015fkomutana \u201c\u015fahane surepa inam eyleb, hizmet k\u00f6rsetgen yi\u011fitlening her kayular\u0131ga surepa ve m\u00fcnasib ahvali emel ve yarl\u0131k berib, kelt\u00fcrgen olcan\u0131 yi\u011fitlerge taksim k\u0131l\u0131b bermakka fermayi\u015f eylebd\u00fcr\u201d (\u015eahane k\u0131yafetler hediye ederek eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en askerlerin hepsine k\u0131yafet ve levazim ve yarl\u0131k verip, elde edilen ganimetleri askerlere b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ferman vermi\u015ftir)50. Yusuf Binba\u015f\u0131 Ta\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ordusu Ta\u015fkent, T\u00fcrkistan, De\u015fti K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u2019a kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bu topraklar\u0131n belirli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Hanl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta devletin ileri gelenleri ve askeri kitlesi aras\u0131nda \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n temsilcisi\u201d Yusuf Ka\u015fgari\u2019nin n\u00fcfuzu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hatta \u00d6mer Han onun k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 Muhammed Ali Han\u2019la evlendirerek akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. O sadece Hanl\u0131ktaki askeri i\u015flerde de\u011fil, devlet ve toplum hayat\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli yerler edinmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynaklarda \u00d6mer Han vefat etti\u011finde Yusuf Ka\u015fgari\u2019nin onun defin merasiminde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilir. \u201cMuhammed Ali\u2019nin kaynatas\u0131 Yusuf Mingba\u015f\u0131 Ta\u011fl\u0131k serkerde ve umeraya ba\u015fkan ve meslehet ba\u015f\u0131 imi\u015f. Taht\u0131n etraf\u0131na muhafazat
\n(koruma) i\u00e7in has ve mutelid adamlar\u0131 tayin ederek, ondan sonra \u00d6mer Han\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r eylemi\u015ftir. O g\u00fcn g\u00fcya kiyameti sa\u011f\u0131r (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kiyamet) berpa olmu\u015f gibi t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, emir ve vezir, \u015fah ve geda \u00d6mer Han\u2019a yas tutup a\u011flayarak cenaze i\u00e7in dehmeye gitmi\u015ftir. O esnada halk\u0131n kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan cenazeyi sokakta g\u00f6t\u00fcrmenin imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmam\u0131\u015f Yusuf Mingba\u015f\u0131 onu bin me\u015fakket ile dehme-i \u015fahane getirerek anne babalar\u0131 yan\u0131na defnetmi\u015ftir\u00bb51 diye yazmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6mer Han vefat etti\u011fi vakit Muhammed Ali Han 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi52. Yusuf Mingba\u015f\u0131 onu Hokand taht\u0131na oturtarak devlet y\u00f6netimini kendi eline alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, Muhammed Ali Han\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netiminin be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k boy g\u00f6stererek Hokand Han\u0131 kay\u0131npederini Margilan \u015fehrine h\u00e2kim olarak yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra ise Yusuf Ka\u015fgari bu g\u00f6revinden azledilerek hacca g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Kaynaklarda Yusuf Ka\u015fgari\u2019nin yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r53.<\/p>\n

Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Muhammed Ali Han (1822-1842) kendi ordusuyla 1826-1827 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r54. Ancak, onun askerleri Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Ka\u015fgar \u015fehrinde bulunan \u00c7in (Man\u00e7ur) askeri ve idari kararg\u00e2hlar\u0131ndan biri olan G\u00fclba\u011f kalesini ku\u015fat\u0131rken Hokand\u2019a d\u00f6nmeye mecbur kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun Hakkul\u0131 Le\u015fkerba\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir k\u0131s\u0131m askeri \u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 isyan \u00e7\u0131karan Cihagir Hoca\u2019ya yard\u0131m i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir55. Fakat 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde \u00c7inlilerin G\u00fclba\u011f kalesini ele ge\u00e7iren Hakkul\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Hokand ordusu Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine Man\u00e7ur h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hemen \u00c7in\u2019in \u015eansu, Gansu, Haylon, \u015eandung, \u00c7aylung gibi vilayetlerinden 36 bin asker, 20 bin at, 10 binden fazla deve ve toplam 70 bin ordu ile \u00f6nce Aksu\u2019ya ve sonradan Ka\u015fgar\u2019a y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr56. Sonu\u00e7ta Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n askerleri Hakkul\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde 70 bin Uygur ailesini Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve onlar\u0131 buradaki \u015fehirlere yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Hokand tarih\u00e7ilerinden Muhammed Salih Hoca \u201cTarih-i Cedide-i Ta\u015fkend\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 bu m\u00fcltecilerin durumu hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cHokand Han\u0131 Muhammed Ali Han 12.600 m\u00fclteciyi O\u015f57, Andican58, \u015eehrihan59, Nemengen60, Margilan61, T\u00f6rekorgan62, Hocend63, Oratepe64, Kurama65 ve Ta\u015fkent66 vb.<\/p>\n

\u015fehirlere yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir67. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda Yusuf Mingba\u015f\u0131dan ba\u015fka Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n siyasi hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yer edinen di\u011fer \u201cTa\u011fl\u0131k\u201dlar hakk\u0131nda da bilgiler bulanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1856-1857 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Andican\u2019\u0131n h\u00e2kimi Hoca Kelan Ka\u015fgari68, Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Melle Han (1858-1862) d\u00f6neminin ileri gelen isimlerinden biri olan Molla Fethiddin Hekim Ka\u015fgari69 vb. \u015fahsiyetlerin de Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n siyasi hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hotanl\u0131 m\u00fclteciler taraf\u0131ndan Hotanar\u0131k70, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda ise \u00c7inabad ar\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r71. Bu sulama kanallar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bo\u015f araziler sulanarak \u00e7\u00f6l araziler bah\u00e7elere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, m\u00fcltecilerin yerle\u015fmesiyle yaylalar\u0131n k\u0131salmas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7ebe K\u0131p\u00e7ak, K\u0131rg\u0131z boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 zenginlerin hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve arazilerini Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 m\u00fcltecilere satt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr72. Fakirle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ahali ise m\u00fclteciler ve yerli ahalinin etkisiyle yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin yerlisi haline gelen m\u00fclteciler \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve kavun, karpuz, kabak, so\u011fan, havu\u00e7 gibi sebze ve di\u011fer g\u0131dalar pazarlara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr73. Bununla birlikte, m\u00fclteciler \u00e7e\u015fitli zanaatlar\u0131 da \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Onlar\u0131n \u00fcrettikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli zanaat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri O\u015f, Andican ve di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r74. M\u00fcltecilerin Hokand Han\u0131 Hudayar Han Ordas\u0131 (kararg\u00e2h\u0131) in\u015fas\u0131nda da faal olarak i\u015ftirak ettikleri bilinmektedir75.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 m\u00fclteciler aras\u0131nda Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131nda daimi olarak ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayanlarla birlikte ilkbaharda Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131na gelip, sonbahara kadar buralarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p yeteri kadar mebla\u011f toplad\u0131ktan sonra ailesine d\u00f6nenler de bulunmu\u015ftur76. Yine de Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda bulunan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu burada s\u00fcrekli olarak ya\u015famay\u0131 tercih eden insanlar olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu gruplar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerli ahalisiyle etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Fergana ahalisi aras\u0131nda korunmakta olan Uygur mutfa\u011f\u0131, kuyumculukta devam eden ka\u015fkarbaldak77, mimarideki eyvan, Ka\u015fgarca baca78, a\u011fa\u00e7 oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilikteki Ka\u015fgar\u00e7a usuller79 bu s\u00fcrecin sonucudur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi, sosyal, iktisadi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131na faal olarak i\u015ftirak ettikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu Hanl\u0131ktaki \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revlerde yerli ahaliyle birlikte g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, askeri g\u00f6revlerde bulunan m\u00fclteci say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilik ve sulama i\u015flerinde, zanaat\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli dallar\u0131nda ve ticarette yerli halk ile yan yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tarz ili\u015fkileri ara\u015ft\u0131rmak Orta Asya tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalr<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 8816. \u2013 767 varak. 25 Mahmud Hakim Yayfani. Hulles\u2019\u00fct-Tevarih.. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki
\n\u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 304. 26 Muhammed Fazilbek. M\u00fckemmel tarihi Fergana. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki
\n\u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 5971. \u2013 546 varak. 27 Mutrib. \u015eahamane-i Mutrib. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\nElyazmalar Fonu, No. \u0422\/2412. \u2013 25 varak. 28 Abdulgafur. Zafername. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\nElyazmalar Fonu, No. 598. \u2013 65 varak. 29 Beknazar. Emirle\u015fker cengnamesi. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k
\nEnstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, 1225. \u2013 27 varak. 30 \u015eahmame-i Endelib. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\nElyazmalar Fonu, No. 696, 596. 31 Imom qori Qurbon Ali (Chuguchakiy) valid Xo\u2019ja Xolidbek Ayaguziy. Tavarix xamsa-i Sharqi \/ Izdana na osnove
\nrukopisi, napisannoy v Chuguchake. \u2013 \u041a\u0430zan, 1910. \u2013 212 s. 32 Molla Muhammed \u0130brahim Fanahi. \u015earki T\u00fcrkistan tarihi. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni
\nad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 12663. \u2013 230 varak. 33 Muhammed S\u0131dd\u0131k Ru\u015fdi. Tezkiret\u2019\u00fcl-Evliya-i T\u00fcrki. Nizami ad\u0131ndaki Ta\u015fkent Devlet Pedagoji \u00dcniversitesi
\nk\u00fct\u00fcphanesi. No. 646. 34 Bilal Nazim. Gazat der m\u00fclki \u00c7in. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k
\nEnstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 1837. 35 \u0130lyas Ahund. Ka\u015fgar tarihi. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\nElyazmalar Fonu, No. 415. \u2013 56 varak.<\/p>\n

36 Abdurazzak Samarkandiy. Matla us -sadayn \/\/ Materiali po istorii kirgizov I Kirgizii. Vip. III. \u2013 Moskva., 1973. \u2013 S. 154. 37 Isxakov G. \u041c. Etnograficheskoe izucheniya uygurov Vostochnogo Turkestana russkimi puteshestvennikami
\nvtoroy polovini XIX veka. Alma-\u0410ta, 1975. \u2013 S. 48. 38 Zaxarova I.V. Materialnaya kultura uygurov Sovetskogo Sayuza \/\/ Sovetskoe etnograficheskoe sbornik. II. \u2013 \u041coskva., 1959, \u2013 S. 223. 39 Sang \u041cuxammad. Istoriya Badaxshana \/ Izd. v tekste A.N. Boldirevim. \u2013 Leningrad., 1959. \u2013 S. 57; Molla
\nMuhammed \u0130brahim Fanahi. \u015earki T\u00fcrkistan tarihi. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki
\n\u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 12663. \u2013 230 varak; Gubaeva S.S Naselenie Ferganskoy dolini v
\nkonse XIX – nachale XX v (etnokulturnie pr\u043esessi). \u2013 \u0422\u0430shkent, 1991. \u2013 S. 54: Abdullaev U. Farg\u2019ona vodiysida
\netnoslararo jarayonlar ( XIX – XX asr boshlari). \u2013 \u0422\u043eshkent, 2005, \u2013 B 69. 40 Gubaeva S.S Naselenie Ferganskoy dolini v konse XIX – nachale XX v (etnokulturnie pr\u043esessi). \u2013 \u0422\u0430shkent,
\n1991. \u2013 S. 54: Abdullaev U. Farg\u2019ona vodiysida etnoslararo jarayonlar ( XIX – XX asr boshlari). \u2013 \u0422\u043eshkent, 2005, \u2013 B 69. 41 Beysimbiev T.\u041a. \u00ab\u0422\u0430rixi Shaxruxi\u00bb kak istoricheskiy istochnik. \u0410lma-\u0430t\u0430, 1987. \u2013 S. 80. 42 Asl\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n iki gruba: \u201cAk-Ta\u011fl\u0131klar\u201d (Ak-Da\u011fl\u0131lar) ve \u201cKara-Ta\u011fl\u0131klar\u201d (Kara- Da\u011fl\u0131lar) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan gruplara ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 kaydedilir. Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise onlar\u0131 genel olarak
\n\u201cTa\u011fl\u0131klar\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda bu gruplar\u0131 Hacegan camias\u0131 temsilcisi Fergana vadisinin Kasansay
\n\u015fehri sakini Mahdumi Azam\u2019\u0131n (1461-1542) iki o\u011flu kurmu\u015ftur. Bu iki grup ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta birer din\u00ee f\u0131rka olarak
\nfaaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, sonradan siyasete kar\u0131\u015farak y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir42. Onlar sadece Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da
\nde\u011fil, belki de Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi ve sosyal hayat\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli rol oynamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle
\nHanl\u0131k ahalisi aras\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Hocalar\u0131n mevkii ve etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015ftur (Voxidov Sh.\u0425. XIX-XX asr
\nboshlarida Qo\u2019qon xonligida tarixnavislikning rivojlanishi. Tarix fanlari doktori ilmiy darajasini olish uchun
\ntaqdim etilgan dissertasiyasi. Toshkent, 1999. \u2013 B. 16.)
\n43 Valixanov Ch.Ch. \u041e sostoyanii Altishara ili shesti vostochnix gorodov kitayskoy provinsii Nan-lu (Maloy
\nBuxarii) v 1858-1859 godax \/\/ sobr soch v pyati tomax. \u0422. 3. \u0410lma-\u0430t\u0430, 1985. \u2013 S. 179. 44 Beysimbiev T.\u041a. a.g.e<\/p>\n

45 Mahmud Hakim Yayfani. Hulles et-Tevarih. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi \u015eark\u015f\u0131nasl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc litografi
\nyay\u0131n. No. 304, s. 19. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eserin yine bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hokand \u015fehrindeki \u015eumakov matbaas\u0131nda
\nbas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, bug\u00fcnlerde Kokan (Hokand) edebiyat\u0131 m\u00fczesinde korunmaktad\u0131r. Biz \u015fu n\u00fcshadan yararland\u0131k. 46 Mirzo Olim Mushrif. Qo\u2019qon xonligi tarixi. \/ Nashrga tayyorlovchilar A. Matg\u2019oziyev, \u041c.Usmonova. \u2013 \u0422oshkent, 1995. \u2013 B. 35. 47 Beysimbiev T.\u041a. \u00ab\u0422\u0430rixi Shaxruxi\u00bb kak istoricheskiy istochnik. \u0410lma-\u0430t\u0430, 1987. \u2013 S. 80. 48Dadhah \u2013 adalet arayan, Han ad\u0131na yaz\u0131lan arznameleri kabul alarak, onlar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011fi veya aksi
\nhakk\u0131nda bilgi veren g\u00f6revli. 49Mullo Olim Mahdum Hoji. Tarixi Turkiston. \u2013 Qarshi, 1992. \u2013 B. 38. 50Mullo Olim Mahdum Hoji. Tarixi Turkiston. \u2013 Qarshi, 1992. \u2013 B.38. 51Molla Alim Mahdum Hac\u0131.. Tarih-i T\u00fcrkistan… \u2013 s. 43.<\/p>\n

52 Molla Alim Mahdum Hac\u0131.. Tarih-i T\u00fcrkistan… \u2013 s. 43. 53Mahmud Hekim Yayfani. Hulles et-Tevarih… s. 25. 54 Bkz. Pan Chjipin. Chjunya Xaoxango yuy Sinday Sinszyan (Kokandskoe xanstvo v Sentralnoy Azii i Sinszyan
\nperiod Sin). \u2013 Urumchi, 1991. \u2013 B. 45-53; Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yazar. Hokand devleti ve Garbi Yurt siyaseti. \u2013 Beijing, 2006. \u2013 069-070 \u0431. \u00c7ince). 55 Muhammed Hakimhan T\u00f6re. Munteheb\u2019\u00fct-Tevarihi. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni
\nad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, No. 594. 313\u0430-b varak. 56 Sinszyan, Kitayskaya zemlya: proshloe i nastoyashee \/ Glavniy redactor Li Shen. \u2013 Urumchi, Sinszyan
\nnarodnoe izdatelstvo, 2006. \u2013 S. 132; Lyu Chjisyao. Uyg\u2019ur tarixi. \u2013 Benjing, Millatlar nashriyoti. 1987. \u2013 B. 1127.<\/p>\n

57 O\u015f \u2013 K\u0131rg\u0131zistan Cumhuriyetinde bulunan \u015fehir. Buras\u0131 Orta Asya ile \u00c7in\u2019i ba\u011flayan Hokand \u2013 Ka\u015fgar yolu
\n\u00fczerindeki \u00f6nemli bir yer oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Erdana (1753-1763) kendi askerleriyle 1762
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir (Ploskix V. Kirgizi I Kokandskoe xanstva. \u2013 Frunze., 1977. \u2013 S.132 ). O\u015f\u2019ta Hokand\u2019dan
\n\u00c7in\u2019e giden ve gelmekte olan ticaret kervanlar\u0131ndan vergi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kun A. \u041echerki Kokanskogo xanstva \/\/ Izd.
\nImperatorskie Rossiyskie Geograficheskoe Obshestva, 1876, \u0442. XII. \u2116 1. \u2013 S. 68). Fergana vadisi Uygurlar\u0131n\u0131n
\ndilini inceleyen R. Sadvakasov O\u015f\u2019ta da Uygurlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehir civar\u0131ndaki Ka\u015fgar k\u00f6y\u00fc Zahiriddin
\nMuhammed Babur (1494 \u2013 1530) d\u00f6neminden beri mevcut oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Sadvokasov G.K. Yazik
\nuygurov Ferganskoy doline. \u0422-1. \u2013 Alma-\u0410t\u0430., 1970, \u2013 S. 268). 58 Andican \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde bulunan bir \u015fehrin ve vilayetin ad\u0131. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda buras\u0131 14-19.
\ny\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7in \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131daki \u00f6nemli ticaret \u015fehirlerinden biri olarak kaydedilir (Bkz. Kitayskiy
\ndokumenti i materiali po istorii Vostochnogo Turkestana, Sredney Azii i Kazaxstana XIV-\u0425X vv. \u2013 Alma-\u0410t\u0430.,
\n1994. \u2013 S. 255). V.V. Bartold\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re: \u201cOrta Asya ile Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan aras\u0131ndaki ticari ili\u015fkiler
\n\u201cAndicanl\u0131\u201d t\u00fcccarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O taraflarda Andican o kadar me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur ki,hatta Orta
\nAsya\u2019dan gelen di\u011fer ticaret\u00e7iler ve zanaat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da Uygurlar \u00fclkesinde \u201cAndicanl\u0131lar\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d
\n(Bartold V.V. Andijan \/\/ Sochinenie. \u2013 \u041coskva., 1965. \u0422. III. \u2013 S. 326). Bunun \u00c7ince belgelerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc
\nJapon bilim adam\u0131 Toro Saguchi teyit etmi\u015ftir (Saguchi T. The Eastern trade of the Khokand khanate (The
\nOrieantre Labrery) \u2116 2. \u2013 Tokyo, 1965. \u2013 \u0420. 67). Andicanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7i bilim adam\u0131 S. Calilov\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re:
\n\u201cUygurlar\u0131n Andican topraklar\u0131na gelip yerle\u015fmeleri 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Nedeni Sincan\u2019daki sosyal
\nve iktisadi durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r (Jalilov S. Farg\u2019ona vodiysi sharqiy rayonlarining sug\u2019orilishi tarixidan. Tarix fanlari nozodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun taqdim etilgan dissertasiyadan. \u2013 \u0422\u043eshkent., 1965. \u2013 B. 51). 18.
\ny\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan tarih\u00e7i Seng Muhammed Bedeh\u015fani kendisinin \u201cTarihi Bedeh\u015fan\u201d eserinde 1759 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nUygurlar\u0131n 9 bin ailesi Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Sang \u041cuxammad. Istoriya Badaxshana \/ Izd. V tekste
\nA.N. Boldirevim. \u2013 Leningrad., 1959. \u2013 S. 57). Andican \u015fehrinde Uygurlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201cEskilik\u201d mavzesi
\nbulunmu\u015ftur (Valixanov Ch.Ch. \u041aashgarskiy dnevnik \/\/ Sob.soch. v pyati tomax. \u0422-2. \u2013 Alma-\u0410t\u0430., 1962. \u2013 S. 222).
\nEskiden Hokandl\u0131lar\u0131n yazl\u0131k arazileri olan Kokank\u0131\u015flak (\u015fimdiki Pahtaabad)\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu taraf\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klarda
\nUygurlar kendi mahallesini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Pahtaabad il\u00e7esinde ya\u015fayan 91 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki
\nYunusali \u0130shakov\u2019un s\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re: \u201cBundan 165-170 y\u0131llar \u00f6nce buralara g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Uygur aksakallar\u0131ndan
\nS\u0131dd\u0131k \u00c7akkan Bak\u0131 Ahund, Molla Rahman, Usman Kara Uygur k\u00f6y\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in her aileye birer araziyi
\nbelirleyerek yerleri b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir\u00bb ( Qoldash J. Paxtaobod tarixi. \u2013 \u0410ndijon, \u2013 B. 14). Uygurlar\u0131n buradaki
\nTaka (anlam\u0131 Uygurcada \u201cbir aya\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa adam\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r), Pu\u015fman (ya da Pu\u015feyman, etraf\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k ve
\nkurtlar\u0131n bolca oldu\u011fundan Uygurlar\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131na zarar getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in buralara bo\u015funa gelmi\u015fiz anlam\u0131nda
\n\u201cpi\u015fman\u201d olmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r) ve Azak, \u015eor\u0131k, Kavul, \u00c7engat, Ati\u015f gibi eski mahalle adlar\u0131 da \u015fimdiye kadar
\nkorunmu\u015ftur. Andican eski \u201cEskilik\u201d k\u00f6y\u00fcnde de K\u0131zmas\u0131, A\u011fu\u015fluk, Korgantegi, Hekend gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mahalleler de
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. 59 \u015eahrihan \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Andican vilayetindeki \u015fehir. Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u00d6mer Han (1810- 1822) ferman\u0131na g\u00f6re 1812-1816 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mahmud Eyub ad\u0131ndaki m\u00fchendis taraf\u0131ndan Avrupaca
\n\u201c\u015fahmatn\u00fcsha\u201d tarz\u0131ndaki projeye g\u00f6re in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eahrihan\u2019a esasen Hokand (Kokan), Margilan \u015fehri
\nsakinleri ve Uygur ustalar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6mer Han, \u015eahrihan\u2019da ticaretin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcccarlardan bir ka\u00e7
\ny\u0131l vergi al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir (Jalilov S. Farg\u2019ona vodiysi sharqiy rayonlarining sug\u2019orilishi tarixidan. Tarix
\nfanlari nozodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun taqdim etilgan dissertasiyadan. \u2013 \u0422\u043eshkent., 1965. \u2013 B. 51). Rus
\ntarih\u00e7isi A. Kun \u201c\u015eahrihan k\u0131sa bir vakit i\u00e7inde iri bir t\u00fccaret \u015fejhrine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u00bb \u2013 diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kun \u0410.
\nNekotorie svedeniya o Ferganskoy doline \/\/ Voenniy sbornik. \u2013 SPb., 1856. \u2013 S. 430). \u00d6mer Han\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu
\nMuhammed Ali Han (1822-1842) d\u00f6neminde Uygurlar\u0131n 20 bin ailesi \u015eahrihan\u2019a yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 60 Nemengen \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyetindeki \u015fehir ve vilayet merkezi. Kazakistanl\u0131 bilim adam\u0131 G.S.
\nSadvakasov: \u201cNemengen \u015fehrinin ilk sakinlerinden biri Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar olmu\u015ftur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcnlerde
\nNemengenlilerin konu\u015ftu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131z Uygur lah\u00e7elerinden biri say\u0131l\u0131r\u00bb \u2013 diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Sadvokasov G.K. Yazik
\nuygurov Ferganskoy doline. \u0422-1. \u2013 Alma-\u0410t\u0430., 1970, \u2013 S. 3). Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Rus do\u011fubilimcileri A.N. Borovkov ve \u0130.\u0130.
\nGoyerler de kendi eserlerinde not d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir (Borovkov A.N. Uzbekskiy govorov Namanganskiy oblaste. \u2013 \u041coskva., 1956, \u2013 S. 28; Goyer I.I. Ves Russkiy Turkestan. \u2013 \u0422ashkent., 1909, \u2013 S. 253). Ancak, bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin
\nkayna\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fildir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ne gibi ger\u00e7eklere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya aksi oldu\u011fu gelecekteki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara muhta\u00e7
\nkalmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Nemengen \u015fehri civar\u0131nda bug\u00fcnlerde bile Ka\u015fgarmahalle, Uygur gibi k\u00f6y adlar\u0131
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. 61 Margilan \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Fergana vilayetinde bulunan \u015fehir. Buras\u0131 ticaret merkezi olmakla
\nbirlikte Hanl\u0131ktaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zanaat merkezi s\u0131fat\u0131yla da \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gelen
\nRus el\u00e7isi F. Nazarov: \u201cBurada \u00e7e\u015fitli kuma\u015flar dokuyan fabrikalar bulundu\u011fu\u201dnu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nazarov F. Zapiski
\no nekotorix narodax i zemlyax sredney chasti Azii. \u2013 \u041coskva, 1968, \u2013 S. 48). O, burada \u201cEsas olarak Fars par\u00e7alar\u0131
\nve \u00e7e\u015fitli Asya kuma\u015flar\u0131: bahmal, kimhab, zerbaflar dokurlar ve Buhara hem de Ka\u015fgar pazarlar\u0131na yollarlar\u201d
\ndiye vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nazarov F. Zapiski o nekotorix narodax i zemlyax sredney chasti Azii. \u2013 \u041coskva, 1968, \u2013 S.
\n48). 1855-1858 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a giden \u00c7okan Valihanov kendi hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle ya\u015famaktad\u0131r: \u201cBuradaki pazarlar s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z serbestlikler ve imtiyaz sahipleri olan Orta Asya zenginlerini kendisine celbetmi\u015ftir.
\n\u00d6zellikle, Margilan ve Ka\u015fgar aras\u0131ndaki ticaret faald\u0131r\u201d (Valixanov Ch.Ch. Sobranie sochinenie v 5 tomax. \u0422. 2. \u2013 \u0410lma-\u0410t\u0430, 1987, \u2013 S. 201). Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019la y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ticaret ili\u015fkileri y\u0131ll\u0131k 30-40 bin alt\u0131n\u0131
\nolu\u015fturmu\u015f (Bobobekov X.N. Narodnie dvijeniya v Kokandskom xanstve I ix sosialno-ekonomicheskie i
\npoliticheskie predposilki (XVIII-XIX vv). \u2013 Tashkent, 1991. \u2013 S. 19), Hokand\u2019dan Margilan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Ka\u015fgar\u2019a
\nipek ve yar\u0131 ipek kuma\u015flar, bez g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ka\u015fgar\u2019dan Hokand\u2019a ise \u00e7ay, hal\u0131, ne\u015fatir ve ke\u00e7e getirilmi\u015ftir
\n(\u0412\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0417\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0412. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u041a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., 1856, \u2013 \u0421. 356-358). Hokand ve Margilan
\nfabrikalar\u0131nda \u00fcretilen ipek ve yar\u0131 ipek kuma\u015flar Ka\u015fgar ve Yarkend pazarlar\u0131ndaki esas mallardan say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBir ka\u00e7 Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 m\u00fcltecinin Margilan\u2019da \u00c7in nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla s\u00fcslenen hal\u0131lar dokumu\u015flard\u0131r (Valixanov Ch.Ch.
\nSobranie sochinenie v 5 tomax. \u0422. 2. \u2013 \u0410lma-\u0410t\u0430, 1987, \u2013 S. 201). Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki \u00c7in \u00fcr\u00fcnleri: \u00e7ay, kal\u0131p
\ng\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, ipek, \u00c7in seramik e\u015fyalar\u0131, \u00c7in fincanlar\u0131 ise Margilan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Rusya, Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerine
\nhem de Buhara Emirli\u011fi ve Hive Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 62 T\u00f6rekorgan \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti Nemengen vilayetindeki \u015fehir ve il\u00e7e merkezi. Bug\u00fcnlerde
\nT\u00f6rekorgan\u2019\u0131n Al\u00e7\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki mahalle g\u00fczeri Ka\u015fgarg\u00fczer ol\u0430rak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Ka\u015fgar
\n\u00c7ingeneleirinden olan Pavanlar da T\u00f6rekorgan\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. 63 Hocend \u2013 Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki \u015fehir ad\u0131. \u00c7ok eski \u015fehirlerden biri olan bu \u015fehir 1725-1726 y\u0131llar\u0131
\nHokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1872 y\u0131la ait bilgilere g\u00f6re Hocend\u2019de toplam 50 adet Uygur ailesi
\nya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada G\u00fczeri Ahund mahallesi bulunmakta olup, Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. 64 Oratepe \u2013 Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki \u015fehir. \u015eehir 1727 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oratepe ve
\nHocend Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar\u0131n sabit olarak bulunduklar\u0131 \u015fehirler say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde Oratepe yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki
\nKanibadam il\u00e7esi ahalisinin d\u00f6rtte birini \u00d6zbekler olu\u015fturur. Ancak, yerli Tacik ahali onlar\u0131 \u201cKa\u015fgar\u0131ha\u201d, yani
\n\u201cKa\u015fgarl\u0131lar\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Onlar bak\u0131r i\u015flemecili\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olup, onlar\u0131n oturduklar\u0131 mahalle \u201c\u00c7akari
\nKa\u015fgariha\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kanibadam\u2019\u0131n Kassaban mahallesinde de Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar\u0131n iki ailesi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\nB\u00f6lgedeki \u0130sfara il\u00e7esi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Hanabad k\u00f6y\u00fcnde de Kokan civar\u0131ndaki Ka\u015fgar k\u00f6y\u00fcnden pek \u00e7ok ahali gelip
\nyerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. 65 Kurama \u2013 \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Ta\u015fkent vilayetinde bulunur. Buraya Uygurlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiklerine dair
\nkesin bilgiler edinemedik. 66 Ta\u015fkent \u2013 Ta\u015fkent 1809 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hokand h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alim Han taraf\u0131ndan Hanl\u0131k topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131
\nge\u00e7en \u015fehirin hakimi \u201cKu\u015fbegi\u201d g\u00f6revi ile birlikte kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderme, askerleriyle birlikte ahaliden
\nvergi toplama gibi haklara sahip olmu\u015ftur. Ta\u015fkent\u2019e 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Muhammed Ali Han taraf\u0131ndan Do\u011fu
\nT\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen ahali \u015fimdiki Anhar kanal\u0131n\u0131n sol havzas\u0131ndaki arazilere, yani \u015fehrin \u201cYeni\u015fehir\u201d
\nk\u0131sm\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Toshkentnoma. \u2013 \u0422oshkent, 1992. \u2013 B. 444). Onlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 \u00d6zbekler olup,
\nticaret ve \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015fard\u0131r. Ta\u015fkent\u2019te Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar yerle\u015fmesinden sonra \u015fehrin
\n\u00f6nceden T\u00fcrk, Akkorgan ve Hitay adland\u0131r\u0131lan kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cKa\u015fgar dervaze\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n(Muhammed Salih Hoca. Tarih-i cedide-i Ta\u015fkend. Elyazma, \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi \u015eark\u015f\u0131nasl\u0131k
\nEnstit\u00fct\u00fcs\u00fc, No. 7793). 67Damulla Muhammed Salih Hoca veledi Damulla Rahim Hoca Ta\u015fkendi. Tarih-i cedide-i Ta\u015fkend. \u00d6zbekistan Bilimler Akademisi Ebu Reyhan Biruni ad\u0131ndaki \u015eark\u015f\u0131nas\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Elyazmalar Fonu, 7791. 430 \u0430-b, 423, 426 b-varaklar. 68Beysimbiev T.K. \u00abTarixi Shaxruxi\u00bb o Vostochnom Turkestane \/\/ Iz istorii Sredney Azii i Vostochnogo Turkestana. XV-XIX vv. -\u0422oshkent., 1987. \u2013 S. 169. 69Mirzo Olim Mushrif. Qo\u2019qon xonligi tarixi. \/ Nashrga tayyorlovchilar A. Matg\u2019oziyev, \u041c.Usmonova. \u2013 \u0422oshkent, 1995. \u2013 B 65. 70Jalilov S. Farg\u2019ona vodiysi sharqiy rayonlarining sug\u2019orilishi tarixidan. Tarix fanlari nozodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun taqdim etilgan dissertasiyadan. \u2013 \u0422\u043eshkent., 1965. \u2013 B. 62. 71 Beysimbiev T.\u041a. \u00ab\u0422\u0430rixi Shaxruxi\u00bb kak istoricheskiy istochnik. \u0410lma-\u0430t\u0430, 1987. \u2013 S. 80. 72Nalivkin V.P. Kratkiy istoriya Kokandskogo xanstva. Kazan. 1886. \u2013 S. 34.<\/p>\n

73Abdullaev U. Farg\u2019ona vodiysida etnoslararo jarayonlar ( XIX – XX asr boshlari). \u2013 Toshkent, 2005. \u2013 B.69. 74Gubaeva S.S. Naselenie Ferganskoy dolini v konse XIX – nachale XX v (etnokulturnie pr\u043esessi). \u2013 \u0422\u0430shkent,
\n1991. \u2013 S. 45. 75Ismoilova F., Abduqahharov N. Qo\u2019qon me\u2019moriy yodgorliklari \/\/ Qo\u2019qon \u2013 asrlar silsilasida. Respublika ilmiy\u2013amaliy anjuman materiallar \/ Qo\u2019qon., 2004. \u2013 B. 162-162. 76Gubaeva S.S. a.g.e. s. 45. 77Umarov A., Umarova Z. Qo\u2019qon xalq amaliy san\u2019ati tarixidan \/\/ Qo\u2019qon \u2013 asrlar silsilasida. Respublika ilmiy \u2013amaliy anjuman materiallar \/ Qo\u2019qon., 2004. \u2013 B. 174-175. 78Voronina V. L. Starie jile doma v Fergani. Arxitektura SSSR. \u2013 1940.- \u2116 3. \u2013 S. 62: O\u2019sha muallif. Uzbekskoe narodnoe jilishe \/\/ Sovetskoy Etnografiya. \u2013 \u041c\u043eskva., 1949.- \u2116 2. \u2013 S. 70. 79Pesherova M. \u0415. Goncharnoe proizvodstva Sredney Azii. \u2013 \u041coskva-Leningrad., 1959. \u2013 S. 203: Abdullaev T. XIX- XX asrlarda o\u2019zbek kandakorligi. \u2013 \u0422oshkent., 1974. \u2013 B. 37.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eerali KOLDA\u015eEV \u00d6zet Bu makalede Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1709-1876) d\u00f6nemindeki Uygurlar\u0131n faaliyetleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayan\u0131larak onlar\u0131n Hanl\u0131ktaki siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi s\u00fcre\u00e7lere kat\u0131l\u0131m derecesi incelenmi\u015ftir. Uygurlar\u0131n Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi topraklar\u0131 olan Fergana b\u00f6lgesindeki bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fim merkezinde yerle\u015fik hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fcren toplumlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, in\u015faat ve sulama i\u015flerinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdikleri, Hotan-ar\u0131k, \u00c7inabad gibi kanallar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4022"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4063,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions\/4063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}