{"id":4019,"date":"2020-07-02T10:24:35","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T07:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4019"},"modified":"2020-07-03T11:58:32","modified_gmt":"2020-07-03T08:58:32","slug":"uc-efendilerin-nanking-ve-dogu-turkistandaki-mucadeleleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=4019","title":{"rendered":"\u00dc\u00e7 Efendilerin Nanking Ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki M\u00fccadeleleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/h5>\n
Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Emin KIRKIL<\/span><\/h5>\n
Do\u00e7. Dr. Tekin TUNCER<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan milli m\u00fccadele hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetleridir. Bu ki\u015filer uzun y\u0131llar vatanlar\u0131ndan uzakta Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Milliyet\u00e7i bir \u00e7izgi izleyen bu ki\u015filer \u00c7inli valiler taraf\u0131ndan engellenmi\u015f ve vatanlar\u0131na girmelerine izin verilmemi\u015ftir. Ancak m\u00fccadele \u00f6nderleri olan \u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler, davan\u0131n sadece vatan topraklar\u0131nda yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bunu her yerde olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015f \u00f6rnek ki\u015filerdir. Bu do\u011frultuda Nanking\u2019de ba\u015flayan m\u00fccadele hayatlar\u0131, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da devam etmi\u015f ve nihayetinde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 anavatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen terk ederek g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Efendilerin \u00c7in\u2019de ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini biz de bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zla ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Partisi, Ocak 1924\u2019te s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131 kapsayacak bir genelge yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu genelgeye g\u00f6re \u00c7in hudutlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan milletlerin kendi mukadderatlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesine y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n verilmesi karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu genelge yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Umumi valilerin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da uygulamaya konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan halk ise bu iki y\u00fczl\u00fc siyaset kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kumul Ayaklanmas\u0131 ile tepkilerini ortaya koyarak kendi geleceklerini belirlemek istemi\u015flerdir. Ancak isyan\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n da zedelenece\u011fini hisseden Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da verdi\u011fi destekle \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi Kumul Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir \u015feyler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i ayd\u0131nlar, \u00c7in\u2019in sadece ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rarak bu sorunu halledemeyece\u011fini dile getirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da isyanlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin yolunun Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Partisi\u2019nin program\u0131nda yer alan, her milletin kendi gelece\u011fini tayin etme vaadini yerine getirilmesinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini dillendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen d\u00f6nemin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Valisi Chin Shu-ren, isyan\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve h\u00e2kimiyetini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Ruslarla gizlice anla\u015f\u0131nca, Ekim 1932\u2019de \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, o d\u00f6nem \u00c7in’in ba\u015fkenti olan Nanking\u2019e gitmi\u015ftir1.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’in amac\u0131 Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Partisi\u2019nin program\u0131nda yer alan vaadi do\u011frultusunda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a
\nmuhtariyet verilmesini sa\u011flamak ve genel valinin Ruslarla imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fmay\u0131 feshettirmektir. Bu yolla Rusya’n\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 istila etmesini \u00f6nlemek istemi\u015ftir. \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, bu fikrini Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Partisi Lideri Chan Kai-\u015fek ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere devlet adamlar\u0131na anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, halk \u00fczerinde uygulanan bask\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimin Kumul Ayaklanmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu, \u00c7inli genel valinin isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Ruslarla anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ruslar\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a m\u00fcdahale eder duruma geldi\u011fini iletmi\u015ftir. Genel valinin Ruslarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fman\u0131n Ruslara geni\u015f imtiyazlar verdi\u011fini ve bunun Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da bir Rus h\u00e2kimiyetine2 neden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a ilk etapta muhtariyet verilmesini savunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da olup bitenlerden habersiz \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mesur Sabri Baykozi\u2019nin bu talebini kabul etmemi\u015ftir3.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’in Rusya’y\u0131 do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alan bir politika i\u00e7ine girmesi sebebiyle Kumul Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7iren Rus varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’in uzun y\u0131llar Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a girememesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu d\u00f6nemde de bo\u015f durmayan \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve dava arkada\u015flar\u0131
\n\u201cT\u00fcrkistan Avaz\u0131\u201d, \u201cTiyan\u015fan\u201d ve \u201cAltay\u201d isimli \u00c7ince ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ne\u015friyatlar \u00e7\u0131kartarak, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131na hizmet etmeye devam etmi\u015ftir4.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’in bu m\u00fccadelesine daha sonra Mesut Sabri Baykozi ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r5. T\u00fcrkiye’de t\u0131p e\u011fitimi alan Mesut Sabri Baykozi \u0130li\u2019nin Rus kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesi sonras\u0131nda 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hoten Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderi olan Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk \u00f6nce Afganistan’a daha sonra ise 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e giderek Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u00c7in’in merkezinde m\u00fccadelelerine devam etmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler\u201d6 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu ki\u015filer, \u00c7in’in ilk anayasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a muhtariyet verilmesi ve b\u00f6lgenin Sinkiang yerine Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan olarak resmen adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm gayretleri ile m\u00fccadele etmelerine ra\u011fmen bu isteklerini kabul ettirememi\u015flerdir7.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Yusuf Bey’in 1932, Mesut Sabri Baykozi\u2019nin 1934, Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra’n\u0131n 1942 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Rus tehdidi ve \u00c7in’in bu \u00fc\u00e7 milliyet\u00e7inin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a gitmelerini engellemeleri sebebiyle burada kald\u0131ktan sonra \u0130li \u0130htil\u00e2li sonras\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki yumu\u015fama bu \u00fc\u00e7 liderin yeniden anavatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmesinin yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r8. Memleketlerine d\u00f6nmeleri sonras\u0131nda halk\u0131n derin sevgisi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan bu \u00fc\u00e7 lider, \u00c7in’in merkezinde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri davalar\u0131n\u0131 bu defa da anavatanlar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme \u015fans\u0131 elde etmi\u015flerdir. Bu do\u011frultuda halk\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirmek ve milli bilinci canl\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in Temmuz 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’in, ba\u015fyazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Altay Ne\u015friyat Evi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r9. Bu ne\u015friyat evinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, o d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hem \u00e7ok zor hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olayd\u0131r. Halk\u0131n fikir ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak canl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Rus ve \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir politika izleyerek milliyet\u00e7i bir \u00e7izgide yay\u0131n yapmak o d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok zor olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunu g\u00f6ze alarak yay\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 devam
\nettirmi\u015flerdir. Yine bu d\u00f6nemin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir di\u011feri de halk\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde de par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00c7in taraftarlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi Rus taraftarlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bu ikisini de reddeden bir politika i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131, i\u015flerini biraz daha zor hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in ve Rusya ile m\u00fccadele etmek \u00e7ok zor bir durum iken T\u00fcrklerin i\u00e7inde \u00c7in ve Rus sempatizan\u0131 ki\u015filerin olmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 kandan ve soydan olanlarla da m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirmi\u015ftir ki bu \u00e7ok zor bir durum olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Efendilerin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a geldikleri d\u00f6nemde Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda idiler. Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 bu karma h\u00fck\u00fcmet, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn etkinli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131p \u00c7in’in etkinli\u011fi azal\u0131nca Merkezi \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, gidi\u015fat\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki \u00c7in h\u00e2kimiyetinin bitmesi anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini hissedince, bu duruma m\u00fcdahale etme l\u00fczumunu hissetmi\u015ftir10. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle Merkezi \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1 Haziran 1947\u2019de karma h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u00f6revden alarak, y\u00f6netimi milliyet\u00e7ilere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesut Sabri Baykozi genel valilik g\u00f6revine, Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra Tamirat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ise genel sekreterlik g\u00f6revine getirilmi\u015ftir11. Bunun \u00fczerine Ruslar, karma h\u00fck\u00fcmette g\u00f6rev alan Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130li\u2019ye geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmete y\u00f6nelik bir nevi protesto hareketi i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdir12.<\/p>\n

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi do\u011fal olarak Ruslar\u0131n aleyhinedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ruslar hayata ge\u00e7irmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irme emellerine bu durum y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ula\u015famam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Milliyet\u00e7ilerin i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi halkta b\u00fcy\u00fck memnuniyet yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi halk i\u00e7indeki \u00c7in ve Rus sempatizan\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri de yava\u015f yava\u015f unutulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda halk\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Rus sempatizan\u0131 olmalar\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli sebep, \u00c7in’in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcm politikas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in zulm\u00fcnden kurtulmak isteyen halk Ruslar\u0131 bir kurtar\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak milliyet\u00e7ilerin iktidara gelmesi sonras\u0131 Rus sempatizan\u0131 denilen kesimler de milliyet\u00e7ilere yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r13.<\/p>\n

Yeni H\u00fck\u00fcmetin ilk icraat\u0131 e\u011fitim sahas\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131llardan beri politikaya alet edilmi\u015f olan ve gen\u00e7 beyinlerin
\ny\u0131kanmas\u0131na hizmet eden e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden dizayn edilebilmesi i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7erek T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimi ve milliyet\u00e7i doktrini esas alan yeni bir e\u011fitim modeline ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. \u0130dari alanda da eski h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6neminde kalan, Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7izgiye hizmet eden vali ve kaymakamlar\u0131n yerine milli kadrolar atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r14. Bu sayede k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede milliyet\u00e7i bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet profili \u00e7izen bir devlet h\u00e2line gelinmi\u015f, bu durum en fazla Ruslar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in Rusya, Alma At\u0131 ve Ta\u015fkent Radyolar\u0131nda Mesut Sabri Baykozi ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin’i emperyalist ve Pant\u00fcrkist olmakla itham eden yay\u0131nlar yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r15. \u0130deolojik olarak milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7izgide olan \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi de yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin politikalar\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in silahl\u0131 kuvvetleri komutan\u0131 bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin izledi\u011fi siyasetin Ruslardan daha tehlikeli oldu\u011funa dair bir beyanat yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f ve arkas\u0131ndan \u00c7in’in Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da kurulan yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 tavr\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bir taraftan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki Milliyet\u00e7i H\u00fck\u00fcmeti etkisiz hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7areler ararken; di\u011fer taraftan her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ilerleyen Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7inlilerle u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kansu ve Kokonor Eyaletlerine do\u011fru ilerleyen kom\u00fcnistler, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Durumdan istifade ederek, Rusya’n\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a m\u00fcdahale etmesinden \u00e7ekinen \u00c7in Merkezi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu geli\u015fmeyi bahane ederek Mesut Sabri Baykozi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetini g\u00f6revden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17 Temmuz 1948\u2019de Mesut Sabri Baykozi\u2019nin yerine Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee, yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ise Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra getirilmi\u015ftir16.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6reve geldikten sonra hem \u00c7in hem de Rusya ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kuran Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee, \u00c7in makamlar\u0131n\u0131n isteklerini yerine getirdi\u011fi gibi Rus Konsolosu ile de s\u0131k s\u0131k bir araya gelerek onun fikirlerini de alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r17. \u00c7ift tarafl\u0131 siyaset izleyen bir politikac\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra gibi bir milliyet\u00e7inin olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de onun bu
\ng\u00f6revi kabul etmesinde \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mesut Sabri Baykozi\u2019nin fikirleri etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bu ki\u015filerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonras\u0131 vali yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini kabul etmi\u015ftir.18<\/p>\n

Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee g\u00f6reve geldikten sonra ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fcten Shung Hsi-lien\u2019i g\u00f6revden alarak yerine Tao Chi-y\u00fceh\u2019i getirmi\u015ftir19. Ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nemin en s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olaylar\u0131ndan biri de Rusya ile olan ticaret ili\u015fkilerinin \u00e7ok az olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum Ruslar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z etmi\u015ftir. Bundan dolay\u0131 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya, \u00c7in ile bir ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131 yapmak istedi\u011fini bildirince i\u00e7inde Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra’n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bir heyet 10 \u015eubat 1949\u2019da ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Rusya ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n ekonomik hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli oldu\u011funu Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra dile getirmi\u015fse de bu antla\u015fma 12 Nisan 1949\u2019da baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle kabul edilmi\u015ftir20.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da bunlar ya\u015fan\u0131rken Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in kuvvetleri May\u0131s 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Shan-shi eyaletini i\u015fgal etmi\u015f ve Kansu\u2019yu tehdit etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme sonras\u0131 Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee\u2019nin ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine getirdi\u011fi Tao Chi-y\u00fceh, \u00f6nceden anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kom\u00fcnistlerin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a girmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl 1949\u2019da Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7inliler, hi\u00e7bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a girmi\u015flerdir21. Bu duruma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 \u00c7inli generaller, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra’ya yak\u0131nla\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r22. Generaller i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemlisi olan ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ile Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019ya destek veren ise Ma Chin-shan olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece yeni olu\u015fuma kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 10 A\u011fustos 1949\u2019da Urum\u00e7i Ba\u015fkonsolosu Aleksander Sevilof, Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in’in Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 Tao Chi-y\u00fceh ve Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee\u2019ye b\u00fct\u00fcn generallerin teslim olmas\u0131 yolunda bir muht\u0131ra vermi\u015ftir. Bu geli\u015fme sonras\u0131 Ma Chin-shan, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 kuvvetleri teslim ederek, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 terk etse de \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, kom\u00fcnistlere teslim olmay\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015flerdir23.<\/p>\n

\u0130li \u0130htil\u00e2lcilerinin ak\u0131betlerine gelince, bunlar kom\u00fcnist olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00c7in y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 idiler. Rusya’n\u0131n Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee ile ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 ve yeni y\u00f6netimle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7ine girmesi, \u0130li \u0130htil\u00e2lcilerinin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sovyetler 26 A\u011fustos 1949\u2019da bu ki\u015filerin havayoluyla \u00c7in\u2019e gitmelerini istemi\u015ftir. Ancak bu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n daha sonra d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu u\u00e7akta bulunan Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee, General \u0130shakbek, Abd\u00fclkerim Abbas\u00ee, General Delilhan \u015e\u00fck\u00fcrbay, Gazi Kerim, Abd\u00fclkerim \u0130min ve Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee\u2019nin karde\u015fi Osmancan Kasim\u00ee\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmi\u015ftir24.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in topraklar\u0131nda h\u00e2kimiyeti tamam\u0131yla ele ge\u00e7iren Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadelenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n felaketine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen milliyet\u00e7iler i\u00e7in art\u0131k h\u00fcr d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 terk etmeye karar vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderleri olarak kabul edilen Mesut Sabri Baykozi, Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde ilan etti\u011fi genelgeile \u00c7in hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumlara kendi mukadderatlar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftu. Buna ra\u011fmen 1924 genelgesi Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da uygulanmay\u0131nca b\u00f6lgede s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve tepkiler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen ile b\u00f6lge olaylar\u0131na Sovyet Rusya\u2019da m\u00fcdahil olunca olaylar devletler aras\u0131 bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu B\u00f6yle bir ortamda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u00f6nderleri, ba\u015fkent
\nNanking\u2019de kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n problemlerini ve olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 anlatma \u00e7abas\u0131na giri\u015ftiler. Onlara g\u00f6re Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ahalisinin sorunlar\u0131 1924 genelgesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde b\u00f6lgeye muhtariyet verilmesi ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilirdi. Bu ama\u00e7la Nanking\u2019de devlet adamlar\u0131 ile bir dizi temaslarda bulunmu\u015flar ve seslerini daha etkili bir \u015fekilde duyurmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ne\u015friyat faaliyetleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130li \u0130htilali ve Ahmetcan Kas\u0131mi\u2019nin Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 politikalar\u0131, \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan y\u00f6netiminde \u00dc\u00e7 Efendileri de\u011ferlendirmesi sonucunu do\u011furdu. 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme ile Mesut Sabri Baykozi Genel Vali, M. Emin Bu\u011fra Tamirat Bakan\u0131, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin de Genel Sekreter oldular. B\u00f6ylece Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimi, b\u00f6lge ve b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk soylu topluluklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini y\u00f6nlendiren bir kadronun eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu. Ancak bu uzun s\u00fcrmedi.<\/p>\n

Bir yandan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da etkin olmak isteyen Sovyet Rusya b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmelere m\u00fcdahil olumu\u015f \u00f6te yandan \u00c7in\u2019de kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flayan kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netim Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal edince \u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler i\u00e7in yurtlar\u0131nda kalma \u015fans\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oldu. Onlar da gurbette m\u00fccadele karar\u0131n\u0131 alarak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/p>\n

1 \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, Esir Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in-1, \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in M\u00fccadele Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, Haz. \u00d6mer Kul, Berikan Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara 2010, s.218-228; Forbes, bu gidi\u015f tarihini A\u011fustos 1932 olarak belirtmektedir. Andrew D.W. Forbes, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Harp Beyleri (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n 1911-1949 Aras\u0131 Siyasi Tarihi), \u00c7ev. Enver Can, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, M\u00fcnih 1990, s.447.<\/p>\n

2 Sheng Shih-tsai art\u0131k \u00fclkeyi Sovyet m\u00fcste\u015farlar ve polisleri kontrol\u00fcnde y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. A. A. Whiting, \u201cSoviet Strategy in Sinkiang 1933-49\u201d, Sinkiang: Pawn or Pivot, Haz. A. S. Whiting-Sheng Shih-ts\u2019ai, Michigan UP, East Lansing 1958, s.69.
\n3 Alptekin, a.g.e., s.282.
\n4 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi, Co\u011frafi ve \u015eimdiki Durumu, G\u00fcven Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul 1952, s.55; Alptekin, a.g.e., s.262-263. Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, ne\u015friyat hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini bildikleri i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldikten sonra da devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. Bu do\u011frultuda 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkistan\u201d dergisini, 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u201cT\u00fcrkistan Sesi\u201d dergisini \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bkz. Tekin Tuncer, \u201cMehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n Mektuplar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistan Sesi Dergisinin \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00fcreci\u201d, Ege \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u0130ncelemeleri Dergisi, C. 17\/2, K\u0131\u015f 2017, s. 52.
\n5 Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.55; Abdullah Bak\u0131r, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Hareketi ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2005, s.67; Alptekin, a.g.e., s.427; Forbes, a.g.e., s.459-460.
\n6 H\u0131z\u0131rbek Gayretullah, \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Efendi\u201d tabirini kabul etmeyerek bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine Can\u0131mhan Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da al\u0131n\u0131p \u201cD\u00f6rt Efendiler\u201d denilmesini savunmu\u015ftur. H\u0131z\u0131rbek Gayretullah, Uzaklara Balam, Toker Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2009, s.71; Ancak bu tabire ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir kaynakta rastlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Uygur ve Kazak as\u0131ll\u0131 insanlarda bu tabiri kabul etmemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

7 Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.67-72; Hac\u0131 Yakup Anat, Hayat\u0131m ve M\u00fccadelem, Haz. Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n, \u00d6zkan Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara 2003, s.46-48; Tekin Tuncer, 1949-1964 Y\u0131llar\u0131 Aras\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u0130stiklal M\u00fccadelesi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yap\u0131lan G\u00f6\u00e7ler, Manisa Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Manisa 2015, s.155-156.
\n8 Alptekin, a.g.e., s.447, Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.77; Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.59; Ama\u00e7 Karahoca, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u00c7in M\u00fcstemlekesi, Fak\u00fclte Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1960, s.25; F. Aubin, \u201c\u0130slam et sinocentrisme: la Chine, terre d\u2019Islam\u201d, L\u2019Islam de la seconde expansion, Association pour I\u2019Avancement des Etudes Islamiques, Paris 1981, s.11; Tekin Tuncer, \u201cDo\u011fu
\nT\u00fcrkistan Y\u00f6netiminde \u00c7in-Sovyet \u00c7eki\u015fmesi\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 Akademik Bak\u0131\u015f Dergisi, S. 54, Mart-Nisan 2016, s. 1062.
\n9 Alptekin, a.g.e., s.469-470; Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.83; Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.60; Anat, a.g.e., s.63-70; Tuncer, a.g.t., s. 156; Kaz\u0131m G\u00fcltepe, \u201cTutsak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Bitmeyen \u00c7in MezalimiII\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tarih Dergisi, S.119, Kas\u0131m 1996, s.56; Kemal \u00c7apraz-Giray Saynur Altu\u011f, \u201cUlu M\u00fccahitlerimiz: \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve M\u00fcstecip \u00dclk\u00fcsal\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tarih Dergisi, \u015eubat 1995, S.98, s.52.<\/p>\n

10 Tuncer, \u201cDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Y\u00f6netiminde \u00c7in Sovyet \u00c7eki\u015fmesi\u201d, s. 1055-1056
\n11 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ger\u00e7ek birer Uygur Milliyet\u00e7ileriydiler ve Sovyetlerin de iddia etti\u011fi gibi birer Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuklas\u0131 de\u011fildiler. Fakat her ikisi de Sinkiang\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark edince, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden ziyade \u00c7in d\u00e2hilinde bir otonomiyi tercih ettiler. A. D.
\nBarnett, China on the Eve of the Communist Takeover, Thames&Hudson, London 1963, s.256-257, 272-273; Milliyet\u00e7i yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan Uygur vatanseverleri olarak kabul edilirler. Baymirza Hayit, T\u00fcrkistan, Rusya ile \u00c7in Aras\u0131nda, Ota\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1975, s.330; Muhammed Said \u0130sm\u00e2il-Muhammed Aziz \u0130sm\u00e2il, \u201cMoslems in the Soviet Union China\u201d, JPRS, S.3936, 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1960, s.29; Fakat Lattimore onlar\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in \u00f6z y\u00f6netim talep eden Pan-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc olarak ele\u015ftirir. O. Lattimore, Pivot of Asia, Xinjiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China, Little, Brown&Co., Boston 1950, s.112-114. Jack Chen bile uzun s\u00fcredir b\u00f6lgede olan faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n Mesut Sabri\u2019den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclaritesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. J. Chen, The Sinkiang Story, Macmillan, New York 1977, s.251. \u00d6mer Kul ve Tekin Tuncer, kom\u00fcnistlerin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Ke\u015fmir’e iltica eden Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n eski Genel Vali Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra ve eski Genel Sekreteri \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in
\nHindistan ve Pakistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye isk\u00e2nl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak yerle\u015ftirilmeleri i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelip faaliyette bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedirler. \u00d6mer Kul-Tekin Tuncer, \u201cXX. As\u0131rda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da G\u00f6\u00e7ler\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve G\u00f6\u00e7, Haz. Nesrin Sar\u0131ahmeto\u011flu-\u0130lyas Kemalo\u011flu, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne Hizmet
\nVakf\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2015, s. 221. 12 26 A\u011fustos\u2019ta ise Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u0130li B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin vekillerinin
\ntamam\u0131 Urum\u00e7i\u2019yi terk ederek Gulca\u2019ya gider. Lattimore, a.g.e., s.98; Aubin, Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019y\u0131 Gulca grubunun bir bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stererek hata etmi\u015ftir. Aubin, a.g.m., s.11; Sovyet taraftar\u0131 Gulca vekillerinin adamlar\u0131 sokaklarda Baykozi aleyhine bildiriler da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lattimore, a.g.e., s.97.<\/p>\n

13 Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.62.
\n14 Alptekin, a.g.e., s.521-524.
\n15 Lattimore, a.g.e., s.112-14.
\n16 Baymirza Hayit, \u201cDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00d6nemi\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tarih Dergisi, S.145, Ocak 1999, s.38; Mesut Sabri Baykozi\u2019ye \u0130ran\u2019daki \u00c7in B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi teklif edilmi\u015ftir. Fakat o, \u00c7in\u2019de kalmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir. Baykozi, Kom\u00fcnist otoritelerce 5 Nisan 1951\u2019de tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ve Mart 1952\u2019de hapisteyken \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. H. L.Boorman-R.C.Howard, Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, C.I, Columbia UP, New York 1967, s.4; Hayit, a.g.e., s.331.
\n17 Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.62-63.
\n18 \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019ya yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revinin teklif edilmesinden sonra bu g\u00f6revi kabul etme noktas\u0131nda teredd\u00fct ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve bu g\u00f6revle ilgili olarak: \u201c\u2026H\u00fck\u00fcmetten, \u00fc\u00e7 milliyet\u00e7i birden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n. H\u00fck\u00fcmete getirdi\u011fimiz \u00e7ok milliyet\u00e7iler var. Onlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, himayesi laz\u0131md\u0131r. Sizin himayenize ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 var. Ben ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edersem, karde\u015flerim k\u0131r\u0131lacak m\u0131, g\u00f6n\u00fclleri kalacak m\u0131 demeyin. En \u00f6nemli mesele, b\u00f6yle \u00f6nemli bir mevkie gelmek suretiyle, bizim y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz icraat\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye, milliyet\u00e7ileri muhafaza ve
\nm\u00fcdafaa etmeye gayret etmenizdir.” Diyerek Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019y\u0131 rahatlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alptekin, a.g.e., s.536.
\n19 Forbes, a.g.e., s.468.
\n20 Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.64-65; Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.88.
\n21 Whiting, a.g.m., s.117-118; D. H. McMillen, Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977, Colorado&Folkestone, Weatviev 1979, s.24; Karahoca, a.g.e.,s.23; Hac\u0131 Yakup Anat, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Kuomintang\u2019\u0131n askeri komutan\u0131 General Tao, Eyalet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Burhan \u015eehid\u00ee ve \u00dc\u00e7 Vil\u00e2yet temsilcisi Seyfettin Aziz\u00ee ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 teslimiyet\u00e7i komplo sonucunda Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in Ordusu\u2019nun Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 tek kur\u015fun atmadan ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini ifade etmektedir. Hac\u0131 Yakup Anat, \u201cSafsatalara Cevap\u201d, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, S.183-184, \u0130stanbul 1999, s.20.
\n22 \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, a.g.e., s.550-553; Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.89.
\n23 Bu\u011fra, a.g.e., s.66; Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.89.
\n24 \u0130klil Kurban, \u015earki T\u00fcrkistan Cumhuriyeti, 1944-1949, TTKB, Ankara 1992, s.87; Bak\u0131r, a.g.e., s.90; Whiting, a.g.m., s.143; Hayit, a.g.e., s.22; B. Davidson, Turkestan Alive: New Travels in Chinese Central Asia, Jonathan Cape, London 1957, s.132-133; McMillen, a.g.e., s.24; J. T. Dreyer, \u201cThe Kazakhs in China\u201d, Ethnic Conflict in
\nInternational Relations, New York 1977, s.155; O. E. Clubb, China and Russia: The \u201cGreat Game\u201d, Columbia UP, New York 1971, s.371; Chen, a.g.e., s.275; Karahoca, a.g.e.,s.25; Asl\u0131nda bu kaza ile ilgili bir s\u00fcr\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fma ve ku\u015fkular vard\u0131r. Pekin bu haberi 4 ay sonra duyurmu\u015ftur. Bu bile kazay\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli hale getiren \u00f6nemli bir noktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131
\nbat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin bu kazadaki rol\u00fc hakk\u0131nda c\u00fcmleler sarf etmi\u015ftir. Ahmetcan Kasim\u00ee\u2019nin torunu bu konuda, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin bilerek ve kasten Gulca liderlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u201cA Strained Type of Unity\u201d, FEER, Hong Kong 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1979, s.8-9; Kasim\u00ee ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile ilgili eldeki kaynaklar yetersiz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in halen bu kaza veya \u00f6l\u00fcmler tam olarak izah edilememi\u015ftir. Ancak bu ki\u015filerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00c7in kom\u00fcnistlerinin i\u015fine gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ki\u015filer Sovyet taraftar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00c7inlilerin i\u015fine gelirken Sovyetler i\u00e7in ise b\u00f6lgede siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir darbe olmu\u015ftur; Miao Pu-sheng\u2019e g\u00f6re u\u00e7akta toplam 17 ki\u015fi bulunmaktayd\u0131. Miao Pu-sheng-Ma Ping-yen-Li-sheng, Lishi shang de Xinjiang, (y.y.), Urum\u00e7i 2006, s.435.<\/p>\n

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\nEast Lansing: Michigan UP.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Emin KIRKIL Do\u00e7. Dr. Tekin TUNCER \u00d6zet \u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan milli m\u00fccadele hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetleridir. Bu ki\u015filer uzun y\u0131llar vatanlar\u0131ndan uzakta Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Milliyet\u00e7i bir \u00e7izgi izleyen bu ki\u015filer \u00c7inli valiler taraf\u0131ndan engellenmi\u015f ve vatanlar\u0131na girmelerine izin verilmemi\u015ftir. Ancak m\u00fccadele \u00f6nderleri olan \u00dc\u00e7 Efendiler, davan\u0131n sadece vatan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4019"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4062,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019\/revisions\/4062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}