![\"\"](\"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/\u0633\u06be.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. M. Bilal \u00c7EL\u0120K<\/p>\n
\u00d6zet<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tarih boyunca Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buhara, Ka\u015fgarya, Alt\u0131\u015fehir, Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131, \u00c7inT\u00fcrkistan\u0131 ve Sincan (Sinkiang) isimleriyle an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede1514-1696 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmesinin ard\u0131ndan, Nak\u015fibend\u00ee tarikat\u0131 mensubu veHocalar olarak maruf olan ki\u015filer y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 1762 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede \u00c7in hakimiyeti kurulana kadar b\u00f6lgeyehakim olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir iktidar olmasa da, nispeten merkez\u00ee biry\u00f6netim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hocalar d\u00f6nemi yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde bu d\u00f6nem ile ilgiliaz\u0131msanamayacak say\u0131da kayna\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 incelenmemi\u015f olan bueserleri tan\u0131tmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.Giri\u015f<\/p>\n
Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Ka\u015fgar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da isimlendirilen Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcn \u00c7in’in bat\u0131 topraklar\u0131 olan ve ismi \u00c7in T\u00fcrkistan\u0131 veya Sinkiang (Sincan, \u015eincan) denilen b\u00f6lgede kurulmu\u015ftur. Tarihte buras\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buhara, Ka\u015fgarya ve Alt\u0131\u015fehir (Aksu, \u00dc\u00e7 Turfan, Hotan, Ka\u015fgar, Yarkend ve Ku\u00e7a) is imleriyle de an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 ismi de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kurulan hanl\u0131k, ismini devleti kuran Sultan Said Han’dan (1514\u20131533) alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Said Han, \u00c7a\u011fatay Han neslinden Tu\u011fluk Timur\u2019un soyundan gelmektedir. M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehr\u2019de \u00d6zbeklere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Sultan Said Han, b\u00f6lgeyi terk ederek Mirza Ebubekir’in h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ka\u015fgar’a gelmi\u015ftir. Sultan Said onu yenilgiye u\u011fratarak 1696 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar hayatiyetini devam ettirecek ve birbiri ard\u0131 s\u0131ra neslinden on d\u00f6rt han\u0131n iktidara gelece\u011fi bir hanl\u0131k kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mirza Ebubekir’i yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131p y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra \u00e7evre \u015fehir ve b\u00f6lgelere \u00fcst \u00fcste ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 seferler d\u00fczenleyen Sultan Said Han g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ispat etmi\u015ftir. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra iktidara gelen o\u011flu Abdurre\u015fid Han (1533\u20131560) d\u00f6neminde merkezi y\u00f6netimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ad\u0131na hanl\u0131ktaki etkin kabileler sindirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak onun zaman\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle, hanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131z kabilelerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta bu kabilelerin hanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fczenledikleri ak\u0131nlardan birinde han\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Abdullatif \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr1. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen onun iktidar devresi sanatsal geli\u015fmelere tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nemde hanl\u0131kta ya\u015fayan kabilelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yerle\u015fikli\u011fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi m\u00fc\u015fahede edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Abdurre\u015fid Han’ dan sonra tahta ge\u00e7en o\u011flu Abdulkerim Han (1560\u20131591) d\u00f6neminde hanl\u0131kta \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fclmezken onun yerini alan karde\u015fi Muhammed Han\u2019\u0131n (1591\u2013 1609) iktidar devresinde devlet zirve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar d\u00f6neminde Buhara \u00d6zbek Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 II. Abdullah Han, Ka\u015fgar’a sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.2<\/p>\n
Muhammed Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hanl\u0131kta karga\u015faya yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve otuz y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle y\u00f6netime h\u00e2kim olmak isteyen gruplar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok s\u0131k han de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abdullah Han (1636\u20131667) d\u00f6neminde hanl\u0131k tekrar toparlanma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir.3 Pek \u00e7ok muhalif ileri gelen \u00fclkeden s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, Oyratlara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla m\u00fccadele edilmi\u015f, hatta ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00c7in, Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc ve Buhara saray\u0131yla el\u00e7i teatisinde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Ne var ki, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra artan Oyrat bask\u0131s\u0131, ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkede daha etkin olan Karada\u011fl\u0131 hocalara kar\u015f\u0131 Akda\u011fl\u0131 hocalar\u0131n muhalefeti merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimi zor durumda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten sonunda da Hocalar y\u00f6netime h\u00e2kim olacak ve Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n hayatiyetine son vereceklerdir.<\/p>\n
Akda\u011fl\u0131 (Akta\u011fl\u0131k, \u0130\u015fkiye, Afakiye) hocalar4 ve Karada\u011fl\u0131 (Karata\u011fl\u0131k, \u0130shakiye) hocalar olarak isimlendirilen bu iki grup Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131na mensupturlar. Her iki grubun lideri konumundaki ki\u015filer me\u015fhur Nak\u015fibendi \u015feyhi Ahmed Kas\u00e2ni nin (Mahdum-1 \u00c2zam, 1461\u20131543) nes lindendirler. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Muhammed (\u0130\u015f\u00e2n-1 Kel\u00e2n) ile\u00a0 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc o\u011flu \u0130shak Veli tarikat\u0131n liderli\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fmi\u015fler, b\u00f6ylece iki rakip ve muhalif grup ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Akda\u011fl\u0131lar ve Karada\u011fl\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e2n-\u0131 Kel\u00e2n nes linden olan Akda\u011fl\u0131 hocalar\u0131n lideri Muhammed Yusuf, Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Yolbars (1667\u20131670) d\u00f6neminde, han\u0131n deste\u011fini alarak \u00fclkede etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ancak sonraki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u0130smail Han (1670\u20131680) zaman\u0131nda, bu n\u00fcfuz sona ermi\u015ftir.5 Akda\u011fl\u0131 hocalar\u0131n yerini liderleri \u0130shak Veli neslinden olan Karada\u011fl\u0131 hocalar alm\u0131\u015f ve hanl\u0131kta g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Akda\u011fl\u0131 hocalar\u0131n lideri Afak Hoca (\u00f6. 1694) ise \u00fclkeyi terk ederek \u00f6nce Ke\u015fmir’e, daha sonra ise Tibet’e gitmi\u015ftir.6 Buradan Cungar han\u0131 Galdan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na ge\u00e7en Afak Hoca, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan bu ki\u015fiyi Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi konusunda te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Onun da y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle Galdan, 1680 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 120.000 ki\u015filik bir orduyla Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f, ancak y\u00f6netimi Afak Hoca’ ya vermemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylelikle sonraki 16 y\u0131l (1696’ya kadar) Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cungarlara tabi olarak hayatiyetini devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde Afak Hoca ve o\u011flu is yan giri\u015fimlerinde bulunmu\u015flar, hatta iki y\u0131l kadar iktidar\u0131 ellerinde tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ne var ki, \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u015fka bir isyan onlar\u0131n sonunu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.7 Bir yandan Cungarlar\u0131n hanl\u0131kta h\u00e2kimiyetlerini kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131, bir yandan yerel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n etkinliklerini art\u0131rma gayretleri, bir yandan da merkez\u00ee otoritenin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kendi elinde toplama giri\u015fimi, sonu b\u00fct\u00fcn taraflar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7an \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. 1696 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cungarlar\u0131n hanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fczenledikleri sefer, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 etkisiz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n da sonunu getirmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgede s\u00f6z sahibi olmak isteyen bir di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 \u00c7in’in King (Ch’ing, Man\u00e7u) Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1697 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cungar han\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Cungar h\u00e2kimiyetini peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sonraki d\u00f6nemde Cungarlar, Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131’nda do\u011frudan y\u00f6netime kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015flar, b\u00f6lgeyi tabi eyalet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde idare etmi\u015flerdir. Yerel y\u00f6neticilerin ve y\u00f6netimde etkinli\u011fi olan ki\u015filerin o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 Cungar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti \u0130li’de rehin tutarak, hem b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6neticilerini kontrol alt\u0131nda bulundurmu\u015flar, hem de d\u00fczenli vergi almay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015flerdir.8<\/p>\n
Hocalar devrinin belki de en dikkat \u00e7eken y\u00f6neticisi Cihan Ar\u015fi’dir (1685\u20131756). Bu \u015fah\u0131s Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n 1736\u20131756 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda idarecili\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nemde \u00fclke k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelere tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu arada Cungar h\u00e2kimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 zaman zaman isyanlar meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Cungar han\u0131 Galdan’\u0131n 1745 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lmesi ve m\u00fcteakiben Cungar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren taht kavgalar\u0131, Cungarlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcketti\u011fi gibi, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan siyasetine gerekli \u00f6nemin verilmesini engellemi\u015ftir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerinde isyan eden yerel y\u00f6neticiler zaman zaman \u00c7in\u2019in de yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015fler, hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 King Hanedan\u0131\u2019na itaatlerini bildirmi\u015flerdir.9 Yerel y\u00f6neticilerin bu talepleri, sonunda \u00c7in y\u00f6netimini harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve 1755 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Cungarlar \u00fczerine asker\u00ee seferler d\u00fczenlemeye y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. 1762 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise King Hanedan\u0131, resm\u00ee olarak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Genel Valili\u011fi’nin kuruldu\u011funu duyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2.Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131ndan XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131na kadar ana hatlar\u0131yla \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihinin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ne\u015fri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ne\u015fredilmemi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Belki de bu y\u00fczden Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hocalar devri birka\u00e7 istisna d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda10 incelenmemi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu giri\u015ften sonra Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hocalar Devri’ne ait \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kaynaklar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n 2.1. Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me:<\/strong><\/p>\n Vakayinamenin yazar\u0131 Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed Bab\u00fcr XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrkistan tarihinin en \u00f6nemli siyasi fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Onun \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda siyasi bir ki\u015filik olarak Timur’un be\u015finci bat\u0131ndan torunu olmas\u0131ndan \u015eiban\u00ee Muhammed Han ile T\u00fcrkistan h\u00e2kimiyeti i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmesine, T\u00fcrkistan halk\u0131 tarafindan b\u00fcy\u00fck sevgi ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rmesinden T\u00fcrklerin kurdu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerden birini Kuzey Hindistan’da in\u015fa etmesine kadar pek \u00e7ok husus yer al\u0131r. Ancak en az siyasi ki\u015fili\u011fi kadar onun edebi y\u00f6n\u00fc de dikkat \u00e7ekici olup \u00c7a\u011fatayca kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me isimli eser \u00e7ok erken bir tarihten itibaren bilim \u00e2leminin yak\u0131n ve \u00f6zel ilgisine mazhar olmu\u015f ve ba\u015fta \u0130ngilizce11, Frans\u0131zca12 ve Rus\u00e7a13 olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 dile terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi’ne de \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.14<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn eserinin bir ismi yoktur. Sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me, Vek\u00e2yi veya T\u00fcz\u00fck-i Bab\u00fcr\u00ee olarak nitelenmi\u015ftir. Vakayiname temelde bir an\u0131 kitab\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilece\u011fi gibi aym\u0131 zamanda bir co\u011frafya, etnografya, folklor, tip, botanik ve zooloji kitab\u0131d\u0131r.15 Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 10 n\u00fcshas\u013116 olan Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn eseri 10 Haziran 1494 ten 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1529’a kadarki bir d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Ancak onun baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131 eksiktir.<\/p>\n Eseri kabaca \u00fc\u00e7 ana k\u0131sma ay\u0131rabiliriz. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131mda m\u00fcellif M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehr ve Fergana \u015fehirlerinin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ile bu iki b\u00f6lgedeki faaliyetlerini anlat\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00d6zbek Muhammed Han \u015eiban\u00ee ile girdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele ve di\u011fer olaylar bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131sm\u0131n ana mevzuu Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn Kabil\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na hasredilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mda ise Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn Hindistan hayat\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vakayinamenin Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011feri onun Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kurucusu Sultan Said Han’\u0131n erken d\u00f6nem hayat\u0131ndan bahsetmesinden ileri gelir. Bab\u00fcr ile Sultan Said, Do\u011fu \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Yunus Han (1462-1487)\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan olma torunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me\u2019de Sultan Said Han’\u0131n babas\u0131 Sultan Ahmed Han ile amcas\u0131 Sultan Mahmud Han hakk\u0131nda bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, onun Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn yan\u0131na geli\u015fi, Muhammed Han \u015eiban\u00ee\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Bab\u00fcr ‘\u00fcn onu Endican\u2019a g\u00f6ndermesinden s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n 2.2. Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n Tam ad\u0131 Mirza Muhammed Haydar K\u00fcregen b. Muhammed H\u00fcseyin b. Muhammed Haydar b. Emir-i Kebir Said Ali b. Emir Ahmed b. Hudaydad b. Emir Bulac\u0131 olan m\u00fcellif Du\u011flat Kabilesi’ne mensuptur. O ayn\u0131 zamanda Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn teyze o\u011fludur. H. 905 (M. 1499\u20131500) y\u0131l\u0131nda Ta\u015fkent`te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemi Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Muhtemelen Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn \u00d6zbekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcst \u00fcste ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilgilerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 1512 yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lan Mirza Haydar, kuzeni Sultan Said Han b. Sultan Ahmed\u2019in yan\u0131na gitmi\u015ftir.17 \u00d6zbekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamayan Sultan Said’in Ka\u015fgar’a gitmesi \u00fczerine onunla Ka\u015fgar’a gelen m\u00fcellif burada kurulan Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00f6netim kademelerinde, genellikle asker\u00ee komutanl\u0131klar olan, \u00e7e\u015fitli vazifeler \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak Sultan Said Han \u00f6l\u00fcp yerine o\u011flu Abdurre\u015fid Han ge\u00e7ince dengeler de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yeni han iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasfiye harek\u00e2t\u0131na giri\u015fince,18 bu harek\u00e2ta maruz kalmaktan \u00e7ekinen Mirza Haydar, 1536 y\u0131l\u0131nda onun y\u0131l\u0131nda hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 terk ederek Bedeh\u015fan ve Kabil \u00fczerinden o s\u0131rada Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn o\u011flu Kamran 19 Mirza\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi Lahor’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.19 Burada b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6ren m\u00fcverrih, Hindis tan\u2019\u0131n Kamran’a tabi olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n valisi olmu\u015ftur. 1539 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Mirza Haydar, H\u00fcmayun\u2019un maiyetinde yer alarak ona dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra ise Ke\u015fmir\u2019i Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler nam\u0131na ele ge\u00e7irerek buran\u0131n sonraki on bir y\u0131l boyunca y\u00f6neticili\u011fini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Mirza Haydar 1551 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir sava\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.20<\/p>\n Kendisini Mo\u011fullar\u0131n21 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f devrinin tarih\u00e7isi olarak tavsif eden Mirza Muhammed Haydar’\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eser XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihi ile ilgili kaleme\u00a0Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hocalar Devri Kaynaklarn\u0131 (1514-1762) 70 al\u0131nan en dikkate de\u011fer tarih\u00ee kaynaklardan biridir. M\u00fcellif onu Ke\u015fmir valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1541\u2013 1546 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Afganistan, De\u015ft-i K\u0131p\u00e7ak, T\u00fcrkistan ve Hindistan tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n Tarih-i Re\u0219id\u00ee, her biri defter olarak isimlendirilen iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm tarih\u00ee eserlerden yararla\u0131larak kaleme al\u0131nan k\u0131s\u0131mken, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm yazar\u0131n bizzat \u015fahit oldu\u011fu veya anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131n akt\u00f6rleriyle yak\u0131n tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Mirza Haydar ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc birincisinden \u00f6nce yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve hacim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Mirza Muhammed Haydar, \u00c7a\u011fatay evlad\u0131 olan Mo\u011fulistan hanlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihlerini Tu\u011fluk Timur’dan (1347\u20131363) itibaren anlatmaktad\u0131r. Olaylar Sultan Said Han’\u0131n 1533 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar gelmektedir. Bu zaman dilimi i\u00e7erisinde birinci defterde (b\u00f6l\u00fcmde) Tu\u011fluk Timur d\u00f6nemi ve onun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olu\u015fu, Emir Timur’un tarihi (\u00f6zellikle onun Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan seferleri), Veys Han ve Yunus Han d\u00f6nemleri, Do\u011fu \u00c7a\u011fatayl\u0131 Sultan Mahmud ve Sultan Ahmed hanlar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizi ilgilendiren ve orijinal olan ikinci defterde ise Muhammed Haydar Mirza, Muhammed Han \u015eiban\u00ee ile Bab\u00fcr’den bahsederek s\u00f6z\u00fc daha sonra Sultan Said Han’a ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131na getirmi\u015ftir. Sultan Said Han\u2019\u0131n \u00d6zbekler kar\u015f\u0131s \u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Ka\u015fgar’a gidi\u015fi, burada Mirza Ebubekir ile m\u00fccadelesi, onu yenerek tarihe \u201cSaidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f” veya \u201cYarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak ge\u00e7ecek devleti kurmas\u0131, Sultan Said Han\u2019\u0131n daha sonra \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi f\u00fctuhat hareketi, bu seferlerde kendisinin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6revler, o d\u00f6nemde Ke\u015fmir\u2019in durumu, Sultan Said Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra hanl\u0131kta meydana gelen olaylar eserin sayfalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vakayiname \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 ve orijinal bilgiler vermesinden ba\u015fka, o d\u00f6nemde co\u011frafyay\u0131 ele alan hemen hemen tek kaynak olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini hep \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Eserin bat\u0131 dillerine terc\u00fcmelerinden en \u00e7ok bilineni E. Denison Ross tarafindan yap\u0131lan\u0131d\u0131r.22 \u0130ngilizce \u00e7eviri olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma birka\u00e7 kez bask\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ross’un bu \u00e7evirisi T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Osman Karatay taraf\u0131ndan 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.23 Tarih-i Re\u015fidi’nin 1996’da, W. M. Thackston taraf\u0131ndan Fars\u00e7a24 ve \u0130ngilizce,25 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ta\u015fkent\u2019te yap\u0131lan Rus\u00e7a26 2004’te Tahran\u2019da yap\u0131lan Fars\u00e7a27 ve 2010’da Ta\u015fkent\u2019te yap\u0131lan \u00d6zbek\u00e7e28 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7eviri ve bas\u0131mlar\u0131 mevcuttur. Yukanda bahsedi len Mirza Muhammed Haydar Du\u011flat’a ait Tarih-i Re\u0219id\u00ee isimli ve orijinali Fars\u00e7a olan vakayinamenin XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lan Uygurca ne\u015fri ile ona yaz\u0131lan ilave (zeyl)den de s\u00f6z etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif, Tarih-i Re\u015fidi’yi Uygurcaya terc\u00fcme etti\u011fi gibi bu esere bir de ilave yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eser be\u015f ki\u015filik bir terc\u00fcme grubu taraf\u0131ndan Uygurca ve Japonca terc\u00fcmesi ile birlikte 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tokyo’da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.29 Ka\u015fgar h\u00e2kimi Emir Zuhuriddin, halk\u0131n kendi tarihlerini \u00f6\u011frenebilmesi i\u00e7in Tarih-i Re\u0219idi’nin terc\u00fcme edilmesi i\u015fini Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif’e vermi\u015f, o da bu k\u0131ymetli eseri Uygurcaya \u00e7evirerek ona 1253\/1837-1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilave bir k\u0131s\u0131m yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lave k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u00fcellif olaylar\u0131 1546 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak 1840’a kadar getirmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla eseri \u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Birincisi kendi d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nceki olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha \u00e7ok yazar\u0131n okudu\u011fu kitaplar \u00e7er\u00e7eves inde konular\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131m ise kendi d\u00f6neminde duydu\u011fu veya bizzat \u015fahit oldu\u011fu olaylara hasredilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Cungarlar ve King (Man\u00e7u) Hanedan\u0131 tara findan i\u015fgali, King i\u015fgali d\u00f6neminde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ile Ka\u015fgar h\u00e2kimi \u017duhuriddin’in faaliyetleri say\u0131labilir. Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif ilave k\u0131sm\u0131na \u201cMevl\u00e2na Kem\u00e2leddin Ebu’l-Hayr\u2019\u0131n Zikri” ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.30 Buhara \u00d6zbek Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnc\u00fc Han’\u0131n o\u011flu Abdullatif Han, Nevruz Ahmed Han olarak da bilinen Barak Han, \u0130skender Han\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu II. Abdullah Han’\u0131n faaliyetlerinden bahsettikten sonra s. 349a (s. 14)’dan itibaren Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir Bunlar aras\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere Abdurre\u015fid, Abdulkerim, \u015eucaeddin Ahmed, Abdullah ve di\u011fer hanlar say\u0131labilir. Eserde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f din adamlar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir. Son k\u0131s\u0131mda ise Zuhuriddin H\u00e2kim Bey’in vak\u0131fn\u00e2mesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2.13. Tezkire-i Hoca Muhammed Serif:<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkistan’da kaleme al\u0131nan tezkireler tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok fazla kullan\u0131lan kaynaklardan de\u011fildir. Asl\u0131nda bunlar sufi literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkistan halklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihini ayd\u0131nlatmada \u00f6nemli i\u015flevler g\u00f6rebilirler. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n sufi liderlerle ileti\u015fimi, bu liderlerin halk ve y\u00f6netici elit \u00fczerindeki itibar\u0131 ve n\u00fcfuzu, halk\u0131n de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u0130slamiyet ile ili\u015fkileri gibi pek \u00e7ok konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi tezkireler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile elde edilebilir. Burada ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk tezkire m\u00fcellifi bilinmeyen Tezkire-i Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif olup XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kayna\u011f\u0131n konusu olan ve H. 878\u2013973 (M. 1473\u20131474\/1565\u20131566) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif, \u00dcveysiye Tarikat\u0131\u2019na mensuptur. Bu tarikat Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6\u00e7ebeler aras\u0131nda \u0130slam’\u0131n kabul edilmesinden itibaren yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6neminde Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif tarikat\u0131n \u015feyhli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif Sayram’l\u0131d\u0131r. Semerkand’da medrese tahsili g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Medrese e\u011fitiminden sonra Ka\u015fgar’a gelerek burada g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u015famanlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapmas\u0131 nedeniyle olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnlenmi\u015f, m\u00fcridleri aras\u0131na Abdurre\u015fid Han da d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur. Hoca hana hem \u00f6\u011fretmenlik, hem de dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.31 Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif 1565\/1566 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015ftir. Ondan sonra da tarikat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na Muhammed Veli Sufi ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Tezkire, Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif’in \u00f6l\u00fcm hadisesinden sonra yeni \u015feyhe odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif, Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Abdurre\u015fid Han\u2019\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ve hanla yak\u0131n ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tezkirede siyasi olaylar zaman zaman yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserde en \u00e7ok dikkati \u00e7eken siyasi olay Abdurre\u015fid Han’\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zlarla olan sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n sebebi olarak da K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t vergisi vermeyi reddetmesi g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Han\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede Hoca Muhammed \u015eerif ona b\u00fcy\u00fck destek vermi\u015ftir.32 \u00d6zellikle K\u0131rg\u0131zlar tarafindan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen o\u011flu Sultan Abdullatif’in intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in ordu toplayan Abdurre\u015fid Han’a yapaca\u011f\u0131 fetva vermi\u015ftir.33<\/p>\n Tezkire men\u00e2kb-n\u00e2me tarz\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup onun bilinen \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00fcshas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla eserin bir ne\u015fri yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVI Vekov isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada 146b-147b sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131 Rus\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.34<\/p>\n 2.4. Heft \u0130klim:<\/p>\n Tezkire-i Heft \u0130klim olarak da bilinen kayna\u011f\u0131n yazar\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Rey \u015fehrinde do\u011fan ve soylu bir aileden gelen Emin Ahmed R\u00e2z\u00ee’dir. Eserin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirlerken etkili olan iklim kavram\u0131na g\u00f6re, yazar onu yedi b\u00f6l\u00fcme (iklim) ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. V. V. Barthold’un da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Tarih-i Re\u0219idi ile Bahru’l-Esr\u00e2r aras\u0131nda bir ge\u00e7i\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilir.35 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee olaylar\u0131 1546 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar getirebilmi\u015f, Bahru’l-Esr\u00e2r’\u0131n da yaz\u0131m\u0131na 1634`te ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Heft \u0130klim, kronolojik olarak Tarih-i Re\u015fidi nin devam\u0131d\u0131r denilebilir. M\u00fcellifin H. 996-1002 (1588-1594) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hindistan\u2019da tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tarih, co\u011frafya ve biyografi kitab\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Onu yazarken kendinden \u00f6nceki eserlerden istifade etti\u011fi gibi (mesela i\u00e7indeki bilgilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Tarih-i Re\u0219idi’den dev\u015firilmi\u015ftir) \u015fahsi g\u00f6zlemlerine de yer vermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerin co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleri, mevkileri, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131, halk\u0131n gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri, hatta sosyal ve iktisadi durumlar\u0131 yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, VII. ile XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u015feyh, bilim adam\u0131, yazar, \u015fair ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin biyografisi de mevcuttur.36<\/p>\n Yedi \u0130klim manas\u0131na gelen Heft \u0130klim isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda R\u00e2z\u00ee, birinci iklimi (b\u00f6l\u00fcm) Yemen; ikinci iklimi Mekke, Medine, Yemame, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz, Ahmedabad (Gucerat’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti) vd.; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc iklimi \u0130ran, Irak vd.; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc iklimi Merv, Abiverd, Serahs, Belh, Meymene, Bedeh\u015fan vd.; be\u015finci iklimi Harezm, Buhara, Endican, Hocend, Fergana vd.; alt\u0131nc\u0131 iklimi T\u00fcrkistan, Cend, Ka\u015fgar, Yarkend;<\/p>\n yedinci iklimi de Bulgar, Saklab ve Batikli’de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f 1560 ki\u015finin biyografisine hasretmi\u015ftir. Co\u011frafya ve biyografi eseri olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Heft \u0130klim, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir tarih\u00ee kaynakt\u0131r. Mesela Bab\u00fcr’\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Hindistan’daki Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc Devleti’nin durumu, Belh \u015fehri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u015eiban\u00eeler ile Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesi ve konumuzla esas ilgili olarak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihi, \u00f6zellikle Abdurre\u015fid Han sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem, vakayinamenin sayfalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vakayinamenin 1972 y\u0131l\u0131 ne\u015frinin be\u015finci cildinin 8-26 sayfalar aras\u0131 Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermektedir. Eser Tahran’da 3 cilt,37 Kalk\u00fcta’da da 5 cilt38 olarak farkl\u0131 tarihlerde birka\u00e7 kez ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 2.5. Bahru’l-Esr\u00e2r Fi Men\u00e2kibu\u2019l-Ahy\u00e2r:<\/strong><\/p>\n Vakayinamenin yazar\u0131 Astrahan\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Nadir Muhammed\u2019in maiyetinden olan Emir Veli’nin o\u011flu olup Mahmud b. Emir Veli veya Mahmud b. Veli olarak maruftur. Belh’te do\u011fan Mahmud b. Emir Veli iyi bir e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1625’te Belh’ten ayr\u0131larak Hindistan, Bengal, Sri Lanka (Seylan)’da bulunmu\u015f, gezisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 1628’de Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc Devleti imparatoru \u015eah Cihan ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.39 1630 y\u0131l\u0131nda Belh’e d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Mahmud b. Emir Veli ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim ve edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeler neticesinde pek \u00e7ok eser kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Muhabbet-N\u00e2me, Necm-i S\u00e2kib, Rev\u00e2yih-i Tayyibe, Risale-yi Bih\u00e2riye ve Ahl\u00e2k-t H\u00fcseyn\u00ee say\u0131labilir. Ancak onun abidev\u00ee eseri Bahru’l-Esr\u00e2r Fi Men\u00e2kibu ‘l-Ahy\u00e2r\u2019d\u0131r ve bununla o, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en se\u00e7kin m\u00fcellifleri aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma en eski zamanlardan XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n madenleri, tarih\u00ee co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve siyasi tarihi gibi pek \u00e7ok konuda zengin malzeme sa\u011flar.40<\/p>\n Nadir Muhammed Han’\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan ve ona ithaf edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmm a\u011fdal\u0131 bir Fars\u00e7a ile kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1 Rabiulahir 1044\/24 Eyl\u00fcl 1634 tarihinde yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, 1641’den sonra da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcverrih eserini yazarken \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitaptan istifade etmi\u015ftir.41 Barthold, Mahmud b. Emir Veli’nin eserini yazarken Haf\u0131z Tani\u015f’in eseri Abdullah- N\u00e2me’yi \u00f6rnek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, eseri ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle alakal\u0131 en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgiye ula\u015fabilece\u011fi bir kaynak olarak tan\u0131mlar. Yedi cilt olan vakayinamenin her cildi r\u00fckn ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.42 Bizi do\u011frudan ilgilendiren k\u0131s\u0131m alt\u0131nc\u0131 cildin ikinci r\u00fckn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm destan ismi verilen 50 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehr ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren \u00c7a\u011fatay evlad\u0131na hasredilmi\u015ftir. Tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da yakla\u015f\u0131k 1224`ten 1638’e kadar olaylar\u0131 hik\u00e2ye eder. \u00d6zellikle vakayinamenin Tarih-i Re\u0219idi’nin bir devam\u0131 ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Vakayiname XVI. ile XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da meydana gelen d\u00e2hili geli\u015fmelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kom\u015fu \u00d6zbek, Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131z devlet ve halklar\u0131yla ile ili\u015fkiler konusunda da bilgiler verir. Buna ilaveten b\u00f6lge tarihinin toplumsal ve iktisadi meselelerine de odaklan\u0131r.43 Mahmud b. Emir Veli alt\u0131nc\u0131 cildin ikinci r\u00fckn\u00fcn\u00fcn son k\u0131sm\u0131nda Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemini ele al\u0131r. Yani Sultan Abdurre\u015fid Han’\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan (1533) Sultan Ahmed Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Ka\u015fgar taht\u0131n\u0131n Abdurrahim Han’\u0131n o\u011flu Abdullah Han tara findan deruhte edilmesine kadarki hadiselere (1047\/1637-1638) eserinde yer verir. \u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nem olaylar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda i\u015flerken daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131klar nedeniyle Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a ka\u00e7an soylular\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na dayan\u0131r.44<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla eserin tam bir ne\u015fri yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak onun baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Riyazu’l-\u0130slam45 ve H\u00e5kim Muhammed Said, Seyyid Muinu’l-Hak, Ensar Zahid Han46 tara findan Fars\u00e7as\u0131 ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Materialt Po i\u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVIII Vekov isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada vakayinamenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirisi mevcuttur.47<\/p>\n 2.6. Ziy\u00e2u’l-Kul\u00fbb: <\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cKalplerin \u0130\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen Ziy\u00e2u’l-Kul\u00fbb isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 1012\/1603-1604 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcllifi Muhammed \u0130vaz Semerkandi’dir.48 Eser \u015eeyh Seyyid Ahmed Kas\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin (Mahdum-1 \u00c2zam) o\u011flu ve XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n en me\u015fhur sufilerinden Hoca \u0130shak\u2019\u0131 konu edinen bir tezkiredir. Eser b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Hoca \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n biyografisine hasredilmi\u015ftir. Onun biyografisi bundan ba\u015fka C\u00e2lis-i M\u00fc\u015ftak\u00een ve Men\u00e2k\u0131b-t Hoca \u0130shak isimli eserlerde de ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.48<\/p>\n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde m\u00fcellif Ziy\u00e2u’l-Kul\u00fbb\u2019un alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015f, ancak bu plan\u0131n\u0131 uygulayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tezkire, b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yerine hik\u00e2yelerden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcellif Hoca \u0130shak’\u0131n Kazaklar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Kalmuklar ile di\u011fer kabile ve halklardan \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131mlar sayesinde XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kabilelerin yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek nispeten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir.50<\/p>\n Hoca \u0130shak, Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Abdulkerim Han’\u0131n (1560-1591) \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z ve Kalmuklara ait 18 ibadethaneyi tahrip edip onlardan 18.000 ki\u015fiyi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131nca, hem b\u00f6lge y\u00f6neticileri hem de halk aras\u0131nda itibar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hoca \u0130shak, Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na Abdulkerim Han’\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine gelmi\u015f ve hanl\u0131kta 12 y\u0131l kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” Ancak Hoca \u0130shak daha sonra oradan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zeki Velidi Togan yazman\u0131n bir n\u00fcshas\u0131na Hokand\u2019da rastlam\u0131\u015f ve konuyla ilgili yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde tezkireden k\u0131saca s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. Onun ifadesine g\u00f6re, tezkire Mahdum-1 \u00c2zam’\u0131n o\u011flu Hoca \u0130shak hakk\u0131nda olup eserde Abdulkerim Han, Ebu’l-Muhammed ve Kurey\u015f Sultan gibi Ka\u015fgar y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler mevcuttur.52<\/p>\n Vakayinamenin bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla ne\u015fri yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olup Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii isimli es erde baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirisi mevuttur.53<\/p>\n 2.7. Tarih:<\/strong><\/p>\n Vakayinamenin yazar\u0131 \u015eah Mahmud b. Mirza Faz\u0131l \u00c7uras’t\u0131r. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7isi olan \u015eah Mahmud, Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nda n\u00fcfuz sahibi olan \u00c7uras Kabilesi’nden olup Nak\u015fibendiye Tarikat\u0131’na mensup Karada\u011fl\u0131 (\u0130shakiye) Hocalar\u0131n tara ftar\u0131d\u0131r. 4 \u015eah Mahmud eserini basit bir Fars\u00e7a ile kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak V. V. Barthold onun dilinin \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir ele\u015ftiride bulunmu\u015ftur.55 1673-1676 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan vakayinamenin asl\u0131nda bir ismi yoktur.56 Ahmet Zeki Velidi Togan 1913’te Ta\u015fkent’te yazman\u0131n bir n\u00fcshas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ismini \u201cTarih” koymu\u015f ve vakayinameyi k\u0131saca tan\u0131tt\u0131ktan sonra onun b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bir nevi \u201ci\u00e7indekiler” \u015feklinde haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.57 Eser Arlat kabilesinden Erke Bey’in iste\u011fi \u00fczerine kaleme al\u0131narak Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan \u0130smail Han\u2019a (1670-1680) ithaf edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Tarih bir giri\u015f ve zikr, guft\u00e2r veya k\u0131ssa olarak isimlendirilen 119 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden m\u00fcrekkeptir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk 56 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (3a-46b) Tarih-i Re\u0219id\u00ee`nin 77 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6zetidir denilebilir ve orijinal de\u011fildir. Kalan k\u0131s\u0131m (46b-85a) ise orijinaldir ve ki\u015fisel g\u00f6zlemleri ile olaylara m\u00fcdahil olan ki\u015filerden dinlediklerine dayan\u0131r. Vakayiname Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan y\u00f6neticilerini Yunus Han’dan (1462\u20131487) ba\u015flayarak \u0130smail Han’\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar hik\u00e2ye etmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kazaklar, \u00d6zbekler, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ve Kalmuklar hakk\u0131nda da eserde zengin malumat vard\u0131r.58 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada son bahsedilen hadise 11 Zilkade 1080\/2 Nisan 1670 tarihlidir.<\/p>\n Eseri saray vakayinamesi, yazar\u0131 \u015eah Mahmud \u00c7uras’\u0131 da Mo\u011ful kabile aristokrasisinin ideolojisini ifade eden biri olarak nitelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Tarih-i Re\u015fidi nas\u0131l Du\u011flat Kabilesi’nin bir tarihi ise, Tarih de \u00c7uras Kabilesi’nin bir tarihidir.59 Vakayinamenin orijinal k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki bilgilerin sunumunun \u00fc\u00e7 amaca hizmet etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bunlardan birincisi, eserinde Memleket-i Mo\u011fuliye olarak isimlendirdi\u011fi Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n tarihini yazmak, ikincisi \u00c7uras Kabilesi’nin hanl\u0131k i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemini vurgulamak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de Karada\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfuzunu ortaya koymakt\u0131r.60<\/p>\n Esas\u0131nda Hanl\u0131k i\u00e7inde siyasi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Karada\u011fl\u0131 hocalar hakk\u0131nda Tarih kadar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi veren ba\u015fka bir kaynak bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla yoktur. Ancak kaynak Akda\u011fl\u0131 hocalar hakk\u0131nda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemez.<\/p>\n Vakayinamenin orijinali Rus\u00e7a \u00e7evirisi ile birlikte O. F. Akimu\u015fkin tarafindan 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova’da ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.61 Bu \u00e7eviri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.62 Bundan ba\u015fka eser Uygurcaya da terc\u00fcme edilerek 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ka\u015fgar’da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.63<\/p>\n 2.8. Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar:<\/strong><\/p>\n Dili Uygurca olan vakayinamenin kim taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen O. F. Akimu\u015fkin yedi gerek\u00e7eye dayand\u0131rarak onun m\u00fcellifinin \u015eah Mahmud b. Mirza Faz\u0131l \u00c7uras oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.64 Vakayinameyi 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ta\u015fkent\u2019te bulup bilim \u00e2lemine ilk tan\u0131tan ki\u015fi olan V. V. Barthold, ona Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar ismini vermi\u015ftir.65 Barthold, vakayinamenin Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kesin olarak ortadan kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadarki hadiseleri olduk\u00e7a ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ba\u015fl\u0131kta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ka\u015fgar isminin bir \u015fehirden ziyade b\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ifadeden hareketle m\u00fcellifin vakayinamede Yarkend ismini Ka\u015fgar’a g\u00f6re daha fazla kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca devleti de \u201cMo\u011fuliye” olarak isimlendirdi\u011fini belirten Akimu\u015fkin, asl\u0131nda esere Tarih-i Mo\u011fuliye ismini vermenin daha do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.66<\/p>\n Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar`\u0131n yaz\u0131m tarihi muhtemelen 1696’d\u0131r. Vakayiname Ka\u015fgar merkezli Mo\u011ful tarihine odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 73 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada b\u00f6l\u00fcmler zikr, k\u0131ssa, guft\u00e2r ve dest\u00e2n gibi isimlerle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler ya h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren han\u0131n bir y\u0131l\u0131na, ya onun zaman\u0131nda meydana gelen bir olaya, ya da \u00f6zel bir konuya hasredilmi\u015ftir. Eserde ilk bahsedilen hadise Nuh peygamber ve onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tufand\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen sayfalarda \u00c7a\u011fatay Han ve evlad\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilerek \u00c7a\u011fatay ulusunun sonraki d\u00f6nemde Mavera\u00fcnnehr ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki tarihleri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 asl\u0131nda iki ana k\u0131sma b\u00f6lebiliriz. Sultan Said Han’a kadar olan tarih\u00ee olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 birinci k\u0131s\u0131m nispeten uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hik\u00e2ye etti\u011finden, konumuz itibariyle bizi fazla ilgilendirmezken, Sultan Said Han’dan itibaren67 son 27 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlat\u0131lanlar konumuzla do\u011frudan ilintilidir. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131mda Sultan Said Han’dan Muhammed M\u00fcmin Han’a (Akba\u015f Han) kadar Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nda meydana gelen olaylar aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1670 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar tamamen orijinaldir.<\/p>\n Vakayinamede Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yava\u015f yava\u015f n\u00fcfuz kazanmaya ba\u015flayan Akda\u011fl\u0131 ve Karada\u011fl\u0131 haceg\u00e2n\u0131ndan da bahis vard\u0131r. Bu hocalar hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eah Mahmud \u00c7uras’\u0131n Tarih isimli eserinden dev\u015firilmi\u015ftir. Ancak son 8 b\u00f6l\u00fcm (99b-105a) ise tamamen orijinaldir.68 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Akda\u011fl\u0131 haceg\u00e2n\u0131 Ka\u015fgar’\u0131, Karada\u011fl\u0131 haceg\u00e2n\u0131 ise Yarkend\u2019i kendilerine merkez edinerek XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkenin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik hayat\u0131na etki etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Vakayiname Rus\u00e7a kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6ns\u00f6zle birlikte O. F. Akimu\u015fkin tarafindan ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.69 Ayr\u0131ca Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii70 ve Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVIII Vekov71 adl\u0131 eserlerde baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131 Rus\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edilerek yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2.9. En\u00eesu’t-T\u00e2lib\u00een:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eah Mahmud bin Mirza Faz\u0131l \u00c7uras tara findan Men\u00e2k\u0131b-n\u00e2me tarz\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan eser, Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Muhammed M\u00fcmin Sultan\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi konusunda bir kaynakta 1639*72* y\u0131l\u0131 verilirken ba\u015fka bir kaynakta 1696*73* y\u0131l\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcellifin kapsaml\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerin en \u00f6nemlilerindendir. Nak\u015fibend\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130shakiye koluna dair bir men\u00e2k\u0131b-n\u00e2medir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u015eah Mahmud \u00c7uras taraf\u0131ndan Karada\u011fl\u0131 Hoca Danyal\u2019a ithaf edilmi\u015ftir. Eserin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f amac\u0131 Karada\u011fl\u0131 hocalar\u0131 \u00f6vme ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flerde onlar\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermedir. Ancak ya \u015fahit oldu\u011fu ya da m\u00fcdahil ki\u015filerden dinledi\u011fi olaylara eserinde yer verdi\u011finden bu bilgiler dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle eserin son k\u0131sm\u0131 Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlidir. Burada Hoca \u0130shak, Hoca \u015eadi, Hoca Danyal’\u0131n biyografileri verilirken Abdulkerim Han’dan itibaren Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 derinden sarsan hadiselere de temas edilmi\u015ftir.74<\/p>\n Fars\u00e7a yaz\u0131lan kayna\u011f\u0131n Uygurca \u00e7evirisi Refiku’t-T\u00e2lib\u00een olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7eviri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise Emir Devlet \u015eahbek ile o\u011flu Osman \u015eahbek’e ithaf edilmi\u015ftir. Eserin m\u00fctercimi Ebu Mansur’dur. Ancak \u00e7eviri tam de\u011fildir.75 Refiku’t-T\u00e2lib\u00een\u2019in 85b-96a sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131 Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii isimli eserde Rus\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.76<\/p>\n 2.10. Hid\u00e2yet-N\u00e2me:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1143\/1730-1731 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mir H\u00e2leddin el-K\u00e2tib b. Mevl\u00e2na Kad\u0131 \u015eah K\u00fc\u00e7ek Yarkend\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcellif Yarkendli olup Hoca Kel\u00e2n’\u0131n torunu Hoca Hid\u00e2yetullah (Hoca Afak)’\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Eserini de ona ithaf etmi\u015ftir. 63 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar 42 y\u0131l boyunca onun ve o\u011fullar\u0131 Hasan Hoca ile Yahya Hoca\u2019n\u0131n hizmetinde bulunmu\u015ftur.77 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mir H\u00e2leddin, Ka\u015fgar’da n\u00fcfuz sahibi olan Akda\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n (I\u015fk\u0131ye) taraftar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Uzun \u00f6mr\u00fc s\u00fcresince Yarkend Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taht\u0131nda Abdullatif Han\u2019dan Akba\u015f Han’a kadar 9 han g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 siyasi hayat\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi gibi pek \u00e7o\u011funa da bizzat kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru Cungarlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine ve bu s\u00fcrecin Akda\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar ile Karada\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eki\u015fmeden dolay\u0131 daha da h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olmu\u015ftur.78<\/p>\n Her ne kadar Hid\u00e2yet-N\u00e2me’nin ismini zikretmese ve m\u00fcellifinin ad\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 yazsa da bu eseri bilim \u00e2lemine ilk kez H. W. Bellew tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.79 Kitab\u0131nda bu eserden yararlanarak Hoca Afak hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Vakayiname b\u00e2b ismi verilen 26 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmakta ve XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131h\u0131n sonu ile XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00d6zellikle, Akda\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n taraftar\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Karada\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n taraftar\u0131 olan \u015eah Mahmud \u00c7uras’\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgileri hem kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma hem de tamamlamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem arz eder.<\/p>\n 2.11. Durru’l-Ahb\u00e2r:<\/strong><\/p>\n Vakayinamenin m\u00fcellifi Zeyneddin Muhammed Emin Sadr-1 Ka\u015fgar\u00ee olup eser Fars\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ebu Abdullah Sultan Seyyid Burhaneddin’e (1756\u20131760) ithaf edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan m\u00fcrekkeptir. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131m hilkatten ba\u015flayarak Emir Timur d\u00f6nemine kadar olaylar\u0131 tasvir eder. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131m ise Ebu Abdullah Sultan d\u00f6neminin ba\u015f\u0131ndan 1760 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihine hasredilmi\u015ftir.80<\/p>\n 2.12. \u0130slam-N\u00e2me:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eair Ahun lakapl\u0131 Molla Muhammed Abdulalim b. Ahund Muhammed tarafindan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi hakk\u0131nda iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r. Muginov81 ve M. Kutlukov*82* 1767 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 verirken, Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVIII Vekov isimli eserde*83* 1756 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n daha do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcellif, Hocam Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine bu eseri kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Manzum olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Uygur \u015feyhleri ile onlar\u0131n Oyratlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini konu edinmi\u015ftir.84 \u00d6zellikle Burhaneddin Hoca ve Han Hoca’dan \u00e7ok s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, o d\u00f6nemde Cungarya ve Cungarlar\u0131n durumu, hanl\u0131ktaki taht kavgalar\u0131, bu taht kavgalar\u0131nda Kazaklar\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle Ablay Han’\u0131n) yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00c7in-Cungar m\u00fccadeleleri gibi konular eserin sayfalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kayna\u011f\u0131n 1963’te metin ne\u015firi85 ile Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVIII Vekov isimli eserde*86* 50a-57b sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131 Rus\u00e7a \u00e7evirisi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n 2.13. Tezkire-i Haceg\u00e2n (Tezkire-i Aziz\u00e2n):<\/strong><\/p>\n Kaynak hem Tezkire-i Haceg\u00e2n, hem de Tezkire-i Aziz\u00e2n olarak maruftur. M\u00fcellifi Muhammed Sad\u0131k Ka\u015fgar\u00ee 1740-1849 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ka\u015fgar’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.87 \u00c7a\u011fatayca kaleme al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma H. 1182 (M. 1768\u20131769) y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tezkirenin bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla yirmiden fazla elyazmas\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bunlar Oxford, Londra, Paris, Berlin ve birka\u00e7 \u015fehrin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde de mevcuttur.88<\/p>\n Eserin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Muhammed Ka\u015fgar tezkireyi Ka\u015fgar h\u00e2kimi Osman Bek ibn H\u00e2di Bek ve onun annesinin talebi \u00fczerine kayda ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Eser, Mahdum-1 \u00c2zam (Ahmed Kas\u00e2n\u00ee) neslinden olup Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Nak\u015fibend\u00ee tarikat\u0131 mensubu Hoca \u0130shak Veli’ye ithaf edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ondan itibaren Hoca Afak (Apak) Hid\u00e2yetullah, Hoca Cihan Yakub ve di\u011ferleri anlat\u0131larak konu 1758 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Tezkire-i Haceg\u00e2n’da, Cungar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1680’den 1750’lere kadar meydana gelen \u00f6nemli olaylar tasvir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Muhammed Sad\u0131k Ka\u015fgar\u00ee bir yandan hocalar\u0131n Akda\u011fl\u0131 ve Karada\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden ve aralar\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleden s\u00f6z ederken bir yandan da o d\u00f6nemde (XVI. ile XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131) Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da meydana gelen di\u011fer olaylar\u0131 okuyucuya sunmaktad\u0131r.89 Bunlar aras\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6zellikle Karada\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n Kalmuklarla m\u00fccadeleleri ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n da bu m\u00fccadeleye d\u00e2hil olmalar\u0131 eserde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.90 Ayr\u0131ca, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Yarkend’e belirli aral\u0131klarla ya\u011fma ak\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeleri, her seferinde \u015fehir halk\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 esir almalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada s\u00f6z konusu edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Eserin \u00f6nemi daha bir y\u00fczy\u0131l ge\u00e7meden fark edilmi\u015f ve k\u0131smen ve \u00f6zet \u015feklinde de olsa Bat\u0131 dillerine \u00e7evrilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tezkire-i Haceg\u00e2n’\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ilk olarak \u00c7. \u00c7. Velihanov kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, eser Robert Barkley Shaw91 ile Martin Hartmann’\u0131n92 hacimli makalelerine kaynakl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda bu iki makaleyi Tezkire-i Haceg\u00e2n’\u0131n \u00f6zet \u00e7evirisi olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Eser Alma-At\u0131’da93 ve Ka\u015fgar’da94 ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 2.14. \u00c2s\u00e2ru’l-F\u00fct\u00fbh:<\/strong><\/p>\n Dili Fars\u00e7a olan kayna\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcellifi Zeyneddin Muhammed Emin Sadr-\u0131 Ka\u015fgari’dir. Eser Semerkand’da yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vakayinamenin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015eerefeddin Ebu \u0130brahim Emir Seyyid Muhammed Emin istemi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece eser H. 1205\u20131218 (M. 1790\u2013 1804) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131narak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.95 Durru’l-Ahb\u00e2r isimli eserin bir devam\u0131 olan \u00c1s\u00e2ru’l-F\u00fct\u00fbh iki k\u0131s imdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131mda hilkatten ba\u015flayarak Cengiz Han ve evlad\u0131, Timurlular ile Safev\u00eeler ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orijinal olan ikinci k\u0131s\u0131m ise Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihine hasredilerek 1756-1760 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00f6netimde bulunan Ebu Abdullah Sultan Seyyid Burhaneddin d\u00f6nemi i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n M\u00fcellif Akda\u011fl\u0131 Hocalar\u0131n taraftar\u0131d\u0131r. Eserde Seyyid Burhaneddin\u2019e s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00f6vg\u00fcler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karada \u011fl\u0131 Hocalar i\u00e7in ise uygun olmayan ifadelere yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden eser kullan\u0131l\u0131rken dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hocalar devri Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihinin kaynaklar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde birtak\u0131m sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’da yaz\u0131lan bu d\u00f6nem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ilki ve en kapsaml\u0131s\u0131 Tarih-i Re\u0219idi’dir. Vakayiname sonraki d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan etkiledi\u011fi gibi bunlar\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemi yaz\u0131l\u0131rken temel m\u00fcracaat kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nan Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee ile XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan Tarih isimli vakayinameler di\u011fer vakayinamelerden karakter olarak fakl\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri ya hanedan ya da bir d\u00fcnya tarihi niteli\u011finde iken bu iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 m\u00fcelliflerinin ait oldu\u011fu Du\u011flat ve \u00c7uras kabilelerinin tarihi olarak da nitelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Vakayinamelerin yaz\u0131m dili Fars\u00e7a, \u00c7a\u011fatayca ve Uygurcad\u0131r. Enisu ‘-T\u00e2lib\u00een ve Tarih isimli eserlerde oldu\u011fu gibi bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise Fars\u00e7adan Uygurca ya \u00e7evirileri mevcuttur. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise baz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n \u0130ngilizce, Rus\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Japonca gibi dillere terc\u00fcmelerini de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da incelenen kaynaklar\u0131n her biri Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zengin ve nitelikli malzeme sa\u011flar. Abdurre\u015fid Han’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi meselesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, kaynaklar ba\u015fta tarih verme olmak \u00fczere olaylar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve geli\u015fimi hakk\u0131nda zaman zaman farkl\u0131 bilgiler verebilmektedirler. Ancak bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 engelleyecek d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir. Bir kaynak bir olay\u0131 \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlatabiliyorken bir di\u011feri ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 daha dar ve \u00f6zet bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7i\u015ftirebilmektedir. Bazen de sonraki d\u00f6nem kaynaklar erken d\u00f6nem kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131rken farkl\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar verebilmekte, bu da konunun daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmektedir. Bir konuda eserler aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel itibariyle do\u011fru sonuca ula\u015f\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar genel itibariyle siyasi olaylara odaklanm\u0131\u015flar ve hadiseleri h\u00fck\u00fcmdar merkezli i\u015flemi\u015flerdir. Hanlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve zaferleri temel mesele olmu\u015ftur. Kaynaklarda toplumsal ve iktisadi konular ise neredeyse hi\u00e7 ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle din\u00ee hayat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n bir k\u0131smi zengin malzeme sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f kaynaklar yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a ve daha \u00e7ok inceledik\u00e7e Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n bu az bilinen d\u00f6nemi daha do\u011fru ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1 \u0121ah Mahmud \u00c7uras, Hronika, kriti\u00e7eskiy tekst, perevod, kommentarii, issledovanie i ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, Moskva: Nauka, 1976, s. 155; T. D. Cumanaliev, Politi\u00e7eskaya Bor\u2019ba s Mogul\u2019skom Gosudarstve v XVII-Na\u00e7ale XVIII Vekov: Po Dann\u0131m \u201cTarih-i Ka\u015fgar\u201d, Bi\u0122kek: IIMOP KNU, 2004, s. 11; Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kazahskih Hanstv XV-XVIII Vekov (\u0130zvle\u00e7eniya iz Persidskih i Tyurskih So\u00e7ineniy), Sost. S. K. Ibragimov, N. N. Mingulov, K. A. Pi\u0122\u00e7ulina, V. P. Yudin, Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1969, s. 234, 330, 412 (Bundan sonra MIKH olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lacakt\u0131r).<\/p>\n 2 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 171-174; O. F. Akimu\u0122kin, \u201cKa\u0122garskiy Pohod Uzbekov Pri Abdallah Hane\u201d, Srednevekov\u0131y Iran: Kul\u2019tura, \u0130storiya, Filologiya, Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2004, ss. 212-216.<\/p>\n 3 Wei Liangtao, Yeken Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tarihinden Umumi Beyan, tr. Ablet Nurdun, Sancak Halk Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1999, s. 195.<\/p>\n 4 XVI. ve XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u201choca\u201d (\u00e7o\u011fulu h\u00e2ceg\u00e2n) terimi \u201cseyyid\u201d terimi ile e\u0122 anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n 5 Cumanaliev, 2004, s. 22.<\/p>\n 6 Muhammed Sad\u0131k Ka\u0122gar\u00ee, Tezkire-i Azizan, Ka\u0122gar: Ka\u0122gar Uygur Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1988, s. 48.<\/p>\n 7 Liangtao, 1999, s. 224.<\/p>\n 8 \u0120klil Kurban, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in Sava\u015f, Ankara: TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, ss. 63-64.<\/p>\n 9 Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, \u015eark-i T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi, Kabil, 1940, s. 290.<\/p>\n 10 Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan m\u00fcstakil \u00e7al\u0131\u0122malar, bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla, Wei Liangtao\u201fnun \u00c7ince kaleme al\u0131nan ve Uygurcaya terc\u00fcme edilen Yeken Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tarihinden Umumi Beyan, (tr. Ablet Nurdun, Sancak Halk Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1999) ile Hac\u0131 Nur Hac\u0131\u201fn\u0131n, Yerken Seidiye Hanl\u0131k\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ska\u00e7a Tarihi (1993), isimli eserlerdir. Hocalar d\u00f6nemine dair m\u00fcstakil \u00e7al\u0131\u0122ma J. Fletcher, A History of the Naqshbandi Khwages of Eastern Turkestan. 1525\u20131865, (Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u0122 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi) ile \u0120klil Kurban\u201f\u0131n 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda TTK yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan Hocalar Devri isimli doktora tezidir.<\/p>\n 11 Zahiru\u201fd-din Muhammad Babur Padshah Ghazi, The Babur-Nama in English (Memoirs of Babur), c: I-II, translated from the original Turki text by Annette Susannah Beveridge, London: Luzac, 1922.<\/p>\n 12 Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed Babur, Le Livre de Babur: M\u00e9moires de Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur de 1494 \u00e0 1529, Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 et traduit du turc tchaghatay par Jean-Louis Bacqu\u00e9-Grammont; annot\u00e9 avec la collaboration de Mohibbul Hasan, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1985.<\/p>\n 13 Babur-Name: Zapiski Babura, perevod M. Sale; ob\u0122aya redaktsiya i dorabotka S. A. Azimcanovoy, Ta\u0122kent: Glav. red. entsiklopediy, 1992.<\/p>\n 14 Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed Babur, Vekayi: Babur\u2019un Hat\u0131rat\u0131, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden \u00e7eviren Re\u0122it Rahmeti Arat, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 1943-1946; Gazi Zahireddin Muhammed Babur, Baburname, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden \u00e7eviren Re\u0122it Rahmeti Arat; \u00f6ns\u00f6z ve tarihi \u00f6zet Y. Hikmet Baydur, \u0120stanbul: Kabalc\u0131, 2006.<\/p>\n 15 Mesela, Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me\u201fnin etnografik ve folklorik \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7in bkz. H\u00fcseyin Baydemir, \u201cB\u00e2b\u00fcrn\u00e2me\u201fde Folklorik ve Etnografik Unsurlar\u201d, Gazi T\u00fcrkiyat: T\u00fcrkl\u00fck Bilimi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, G\u00fcz 2010, Say\u0131: 7, ss. 107-134. Yine Bab\u00fcrn\u00e2me\u201fdeki t\u0131bbi bilgiler i\u00e7in bkz. Murat Yurdak\u00f6k, \u201cB\u00e2b\u00fcr \u0121ah\u201f\u0131n (1483-1530) \u00dcnl\u00fc Eseri Bab\u00fcrname\u201fde T\u0131bb\u00ee Bilgiler\u201d, \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Dergisi, 2007, Say\u0131: 50, ss. 73-77.<\/p>\n 16 Vakayinamenin n\u00fcshalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Nimet Ceylan, Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed B\u00e2bur Mirza\u2019n\u0131n Eserlerindeki \u0130kilemeler, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u0122 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 2009, s. 21.<\/p>\n 17 Mirza Haydar Duglat, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee: Geride B\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Hikayesi, \u00e7ev. E. Denison Ross; T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Osman Karatay, \u0120stanbul: Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006, s. 41, 298.<\/p>\n 18 Hac\u0131 Nur Hac\u0131, Yerken Seidiye Hanl\u0131k\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ska\u00e7a Tarihi, Urum\u00e7i: Sincang Halk Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1993, 173-175.<\/p>\n 19 Duglat, 2006, s. 46, 638.<\/p>\n 20 Mirza Muhammed Haydar Du\u011flat, Prof. Dr. Mehmet Alpargu taraf\u0131ndan tez olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u0122t\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u0122t\u0131r. Bkz. Serap Ta\u0122tekin, Bir Tarih\u00e7i Olarak Mirza Haydar Du\u011flat, Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u0122 YLS Tezi, Sakarya, 2010.<\/p>\n 21 \u201cMo\u011ful\u201d teriminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 asl\u0131nda net de\u011fildir. W. M. Thackston, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee\u201fye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde bu konuda \u0122unlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u0122t\u0131. Do\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131nda kalanlar \u201cMo\u011ful\u201d olarak isimlendirilmi\u0122tir. Bkz. Haydar Mirza, MirzaHaydar Dughlat\u2019s Tarikh-i Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan, English translation & annotation by W. M. Thackston, Cambridge: Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1996, s. vii-viii. Di\u011fer bir a\u00e7\u0131klama Ma Dazheng taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u0122t\u0131r. Onun ifadesine g\u00f6re, \u201cMo\u011ful\u201d terimi, Altay da\u011flar\u0131ndan Talas nehrinin do\u011fusundaki \u00e7\u00f6le, Tarbagatay da\u011flar\u0131ndan Balka\u0122 g\u00f6l\u00fcne kadar Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan Mo\u011fulistan\u201fda ya\u0122ayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Mo\u011follar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u0122t\u0131r. Bkz. Ma Dazheng, \u201cThe Tarim Basin\u201d, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, c: V, Editors: Chahryar Adle and Irfan Habib, Co-editor: Karl M. Baipakov, Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003, s. 182.<\/p>\n 22 Haydar Mirza, Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia, English version edited, with commentary, notes, and map by N. Elias, Lahore, 1895.<\/p>\n 23 Mirza Haydar Duglat, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee: Geride B\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Hikayesi, \u00e7ev. E. Denison Ross; T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Osman Karatay, \u0120stanbul: Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006.<\/p>\n 24 Haydar Mirza, Mirza Haydar Dughlat\u2019s Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan, Persian text edited by W. M. Thackston, Cambridge, Harvard University, 1996.<\/p>\n 25 Haydar Mirza, Mirza Haydar Dughlat\u2019s Tarikh-i Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan, English translation & annotation by W. M. Thackston, Cambridge: Harvard University, Department ofNear Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1996.<\/p>\n 26 Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Ra\u015fidi, vvedenie, perevod s persidskogo A. Urunbaeva, R. P. Celilovoy, L. M. Epifanovoy; prime\u00e7aniya i ukazateli R. P. Celilovoy i L. M. Epifanovoy, Ta\u0122kent: Izd-vo \u201cFan\u201d Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 1996.<\/p>\n 27 Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Re\u015fidi, tashih-i Abbaskulu Gaffari\u201fferd, Tahran: Merkez-i Ne\u0122r-i Miras-\u0131 Mektub, 1383 h.\u0122.<\/p>\n 28 Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Re\u015fidiy, Vahab Rahmonov ve Yangli\u0122 Egamova terc\u00fcmesi, Ta\u0122kent: \u201c\u0121ark\u201d, 2010.<\/p>\n 29 Hoca Muhammed \u0121erif, Tarih-i Re\u015fidi T\u00fcrki Terc\u00fcmesi\u011fe \u0130lave, ed: Amanbek Celilov, Kavahara Yayoi, Savada Minoru, \u0121inmin Yasu\u0122i, Huri Sunao, Tokyo, 2008. Muhammed \u0121erif taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan terc\u00fcme n\u00fcshan\u0131n 62a-65a sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tarih-i Re\u015fidi ve onun ilavesinin i\u00e7indekileri verilmi\u0122tir. 66b-69b sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fctercimin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc vard\u0131r. 69b-344a aras\u0131 ise Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee\u201fnin Uygurca terc\u00fcmesidir. Bkz. Amanbek Jalilov ve Shinmen Yasushi, \u201cAddendum to the Turkic Translation of Tarikh-i Rashidi by Khwaja Muhammad Sharif\u201d, Studies on Xinjiang Historical Sources in 17-20th Centuries, edited by James A. Millward, Shinmen Yasushi, Sugawara Jun, Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 2010, ss. 31-32.<\/p>\n 30 Tarih-i Re\u015fidi T\u00fcrki Terc\u00fcmesi\u011fe \u0130lave, s. 1 (344a).<\/p>\n 31 MIKH, 1969, s. 234.<\/p>\n 32 A. M. Muginov, Opisanie Uygurskih Rukopisey \u0130nstituta Narodov Azii. Moskova: \u0120zdatelstvo Vosto\u00e7noy Literatur\u0131, 1962, s. 77.<\/p>\n 33 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 156.<\/p>\n 34 MIKH, 1969, ss. 235-236.<\/p>\n 35 V. V. Barthold, \u201cOt\u00e7et O Komandirovke v Turkestan\u201d, So\u00e7ineniya, c: VIII, Moskova, 1973, s.<\/p>\n 36 B. A. Ahmedov, \u0130storiko-Geografi\u00e7eskaya Literatura Sredney Azii XVI-XVIII vv., (Pismenn\u0131e Pamyatniki), Ta\u0122kent: \u0120zdatel\u201fstvo \u201cFAN\u201d Uzbekskoy SSR, 1985, s. 139; Hermann Eth\u00e9, Catalogue of Persian Mansucripts in the Library of the India Office, c: I, Oxford, 1903, ss. 381-499.<\/p>\n 37 Emin Ahmed Raz\u00ee, Heft \u0130klim, ba tashih ve ta\u02belik-i Cevad Faz\u0131l, Tahran: Kitabfuru\u0122i-yi Ali Ekber ilmi ve Kitabfuru\u0122i-yi Edebiye, 1960. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Emin Ahmed Raz\u00ee, Heft \u0130klim, tashih, ta\u02belikat ve hava\u0122\u0131-i Muhammed R\u0131za Tahiri, Tahran: Suru\u0122, 1378 h.\u0122.<\/p>\n 38 Emin Ahmed Raz\u00ee, Heft \u0130klim, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, 1972-. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Emin Ahmed Raz\u00ee, Heft-\u0130klim: The Geographical and Biographical Encyclopaedia of Am\u00een Ahmad al-Raz\u00ee, edited by E. Denison Ross vd., Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1918-1939.<\/p>\n 39 MIKH, 1969, s. 321.<\/p>\n 40 Ahmedov, 1985, s. 65; D. Yu Yusupova ve R. P. Celilova, Sobranie Vosto\u00e7n\u0131h Rukopisey Akademi Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan: \u0130storiya, Ta\u0122kent: \u0120zdatelstvo \u201cFan\u201d Akademi Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 1998, s. 90.<\/p>\n 41 Kitaplar\u0131n listesi i\u00e7in bkz. Barthold, 1973, ss. 192-193; MIKH, 1969, s. 322.<\/p>\n 42 Ciltlerin tasviri i\u00e7in bkz. Yusupova ve Celilova, 1998, ss. 90-91.<\/p>\n 43 K. A. Pi\u0122ulina, \u201cBahr Al-Asrar Mahmuda ibn Vali kak \u0120sto\u00e7nik po Sotsial\u201fno-Ekonomi\u00e7eskoy \u0120storii Vosto\u00e7nogo Turkestana XVI-XVII vv.\u201d, Kazahstan, Sredniaya i Tsentralnaya Aziya v XVI-XVIII vv., Alma-Ata: Izd-vo \u201cNauka\u201d Kazakhskoy SSR, 1983, s. 35.<\/p>\n 44 Cumanaliev, 2004, s. 6.<\/p>\n 45 Mahmud b. Emir Veli Belh\u00ee, Bahru\u2019l-Esrar f\u00ee Menakibu\u2019l-Ahyar: Sefer-Name-yi Hind ve Seylan, be-ihtimam ve mukaddime-i Riyazu\u201fl-Islam, Karachi: Institute of Central & West Asian Studies, University of Karachi, 1980.<\/p>\n 46 Mahmud b. Emir Veli Belh\u00ee, Bahru\u2019l-Esrar f\u00ee Menakibu\u2019l-Ahyar, tedvin-i Hakim Muhammed Said, Seyyid Muinu\u201fl-Hak, Ensar Zahid Han, Kara\u00e7i: Pakistan Historikal Sosayeti, 1984-.<\/p>\n 47 MIKH, 1969, ss. 329-368.<\/p>\n 48 Her ne kadar Materiali Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii isimli eserde (s. 178) tezkirenin yazar\u0131 bilinmiyor denilse de, Akimu\u0122kin onun yazar\u0131n\u0131n Muhammed \u0120vaz Semerkand\u00ee oldu\u011funu Tarih isimli vakayinamenin \u00e7evirisinin pek \u00e7ok yerinde (mesela, s. 123, 130) belirtmi\u0122tir.<\/p>\n 49 Men\u00e2k\u0131b-\u0131 Hoca \u0130shak isimli eserden Zeki Velidi Togan makalesinde k\u0131saca s\u00f6z etmi\u0122tir. Bkz. A. Z. Velidov, \u201cVosto\u00e7n\u0131ya Rukopisi v Ferganskoy Oblasti\u201d, Zapiski Vosto\u00e7nogo Otdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Arheologi\u00e7eskogo Ob\u015festva, St. Petersburg, c: XXII, 1915, s. 312.<\/p>\n 50 Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii, Moskova: Nauka, 1973, s. 178.<\/p>\n 51 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 276, dipnot 96; s. 30, dipnot 23.<\/p>\n 52 Velidov, 1915, s. 304.<\/p>\n 53 Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii, 1973, ss. 179-184.<\/p>\n 54 Yusupova ve Celilova, 1998, s. 314<\/p>\n 55 V. V. Barthold, \u201c\u00c7agatayskaya Literatura\u201d, So\u00e7ineniya, c: V, Moskova 1968, s. 610.<\/p>\n 56 \u00c7uras, 1976, ss. 49, 61-62. 57 Velidov, 1915, ss. 313-318<\/p>\n 58 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 17.<\/p>\n 59 MIKH, 1969, s. 374.<\/p>\n 60 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 402.<\/p>\n 61 \u0121ah Mahmud \u00c7uras, Hronika, kriti\u00e7eskiy tekst, perevod, kommentarii, issledovanie i ukazateli O. F. Akimushkina, Moskova: Nauka, 1976.<\/p>\n 62 \u0121ah Mahmud \u00c7uras, Hronika, Kriti\u00e7eskiy tekst, perevod, kommentarii, issledovanii i ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, 2-e izd, St. Petersbug: Peterburgskoe Lingvisti\u00e7eskoe Ob\u0122estvo, 2010.<\/p>\n 63 \u0121ah Mahmud \u00c7uras, Saidiya Handanl\u0131k\u0131 Tarihige Dair Materyaller, tr. Habibullah Eli, Ka\u0122gar: Ka\u0122gar Uygur Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1989. Ne var ki, \u00e7eviri kitab\u0131n\u0131n son sayfas\u0131nda Uygurca terc\u00fcmenin Akimu\u0122kin\u201fin edisyon-kriti\u011fi temel al\u0131narak yap\u0131ld\u0131 denilse de, bu terc\u00fcmede orijinalinde olmayan birtak\u0131m b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u0122l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Uygurca terc\u00fcmedeki s. 205\u201ften s. 239\u201fa kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler (\u0121utur Halife\u201fnin Olaylar\u0131, Hz. Hoca \u0121adi Diye \u0120simlendirilen Hoca Muhammed Yahya Hakk\u0131nda, \u0121utur Halife\u201fnin O\u011flu Hoca Seyyid Muhammed Halife Hakk\u0131nda, Dostu Huda Hazretleri Hakk\u0131nda Bilgi, Danyal Hoca Hakk\u0131nda Son Bilgiler, Yarkend\u201fe K\u0131rg\u0131z Askerlerinin \u0120kinci Kez Gelerek Muhasaraya Almas\u0131, Hz. Hocam\u201f\u0131n Onlarla Sava\u0122arak Sonu\u00e7ta Onlar\u0131 Ma\u011flup Etmesi) Akimu\u0122kin\u201fin ne\u0122rinde yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 64 Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar: Anonimnaya Tiyurkskaya Hronika Vladeteley Vosto\u00e7nogo Turkestana po Konets XVII Veka, Faksimile Rukopisi Sankt-Peterburgskogo Filiala Instituta Vostokovedeniya Akademii Nauk Rossii, \u0120zdanie Teksta, Vvedenie i Ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, Sankt-Peterburg, 2001, ss. 17\u201318.<\/p>\n 65 Barthold, 1973, ss. 173-174.<\/p>\n 66 Tarih-i Ka\u015fga r, 2001, s. 16<\/p>\n 67 Tarih-i Ka\u015fga r, 2001, s. 52a\/192.<\/p>\n 68 Tarih-i Ka\u015fga r, 2001, s. 13.<\/p>\n 69 Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar: Anonimnaya Tiyurkskaya Hronika Vladeteley Vosto\u00e7nogo Turkestana po Konets XVII Veka, Faksimile Rukopisi Sankt-Peterburgskogo Filiala Instituta Vostokovedeniya Akademii Nauk Rossii, \u0120zdanie Teksta, Vvedenie i Ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, Sankt-Peterburg, 2001.<\/p>\n 70 Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii, 1973, ss. 217-223.<\/p>\n 71 MIKH, 1969, ss. 411-418.<\/p>\n 72 MIKH, 1969, s. 372.<\/p>\n 73 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 50<\/p>\n 74 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 51.<\/p>\n 75 Muginov, 1962, s. 179.<\/p>\n 76 Material\u0131 Po \u0130storii Kirgizov i Kirgizii, 1973, ss. 191-199.<\/p>\n 77 M. A. Salahetdinova, \u201cSoob\u0122eniya o Kirgizah v \u201eHidayet-Name\u201f Mir-Haleddina\u201d, \u0130zvestiya Akademii Nauk Kirgizskoy SSR: Seriya Ob\u015festvenn\u0131h Nauk, tom III, v\u0131pusk 2, (\u0120storiya), \u0120zdatel\u201fstvo Akademii Nauk Kirgizskoy SSR, Frunze, 1961, s. 134.<\/p>\n 78 \u00c7uras, 1976, s. 42.<\/p>\n 79 Henry Walter Bellew, Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74, London, 1875, ss. 326-327.<\/p>\n 80 \u00c7. A. Stori, Persidskaya Literatura: Bio-Bibliografi\u00e7eskiy Obzor, v treh \u00e7astyah, perevel s Angliyskogo, pererabotal i dopolnil Yu. E. Bregel, c: I, Moskova, 1972, s. 463; Yusupova ve Celilova, 1998, s. 319<\/p>\n 81 Muginov, 1962, s. 22.<\/p>\n 82 M. Kutlukov, \u201c\u0120z \u0120storii Mejdunarodn\u0131h Svyazey v Tsentralnoy Azii v 1755-1859 gg. (Svedeniya Ka\u0122garskih \u0120storikov)\u201d, Malovskie \u00c7teniya, (Material\u0131 Konferentsii), Alma-Ata, G\u0131l\u0131m, 1990, s. 59.<\/p>\n 83 MIKH, 1969, s. 423.<\/p>\n 84 Muginov, 1962, s. 22.<\/p>\n 85 Eho vekov; stihi uygurskih poetov XV-XIX vekov, Red. V. P. Yudin & M. Hamarov, Sost. M. Hamraev, V. Yudin, S. Mollaudov & I. Muhlisov, Alma-Ata, Kazgoslitizdat, 1963, ss. 164-195.<\/p>\n 86 MIKH, 1969, ss. 425-430.<\/p>\n 87 Amina Abdurahman ve Jin Yu-Ping, \u201cUne vue d\u201fensemble des manuscrits tchagatay du Xinjiang\u201d, Cahiers d\u2019Asie Centrale, Num\u00e9ro 8, 2000, s. 48.<\/p>\n 88 Sawada Minoru, \u201cThree Groups of Tadhkira-i Khwajagan: Viewed from the Chapter on Khwaja Afaq\u201d, Studies on Xinjiang Historical Sources in 17-20th Centuries, edited by James A. Millward, Shinmen Yasushi, Sugawara Jun, Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 2010, s. 10<\/p>\n 89 Muginov, 1962, s. 86.<\/p>\n 90 M. A. Salahetdinova, \u201cSo\u00e7ineniya Muhammed-Sad\u0131ka Ka\u0122gar\u00ee \u201eTezkire-i H\u00e2ceg\u00e2n\u201f Kak \u0120sto\u00e7nik Po \u0120storii K\u0131rg\u0131zov\u201d, Akademiya Nauk Kirgizskoy SSR, Seriya Ob\u015festvenn\u0131h Nauk, c: I\/1, s. 93.<\/p>\n 91 R. B. Shaw, \u201cThe History of the Khojas of Eastern Turkistan summarised from the Tazkira-i khwajagan of Muhammad Sadiq Kashghari\u201d ed. with introduction and notes by N. Elias, Published as Supplement to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, c: LXVI, pt 1, 1897, ss. 1\u201367.<\/p>\n 92 M. Hartmann, \u201cEin Heiligenstaat im Islam. Das Ende der Caghataiden und die Herrschaft der Cho\u011fas in Ka\u0161garien,\u201d Der islamische Orient, c: 1\/6\u201310, Berlin, 1905, ss. 193\u2013374.<\/p>\n 93 Muahmmed Sad\u0131k Ka\u0122gar\u00ee, Tezkire-yi Azizan, ed: A. Q. M\u00fcminov, Almat\u0131: \u201cDaik-Press\u201d, 2006.<\/p>\n 94 Muahmmed Sad\u0131k Ka\u0122gar\u00ee, Tezkire-i Azizan, Ka\u0122gar: Ka\u0122gar Uygur Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1988.<\/p>\n 95 Yusupova ve Celilova, 1998, s. 320. Ne var ki, M. Kutlukov eserin 1780 ile 1790 aras\u0131nda bir tarihte yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Bkz. M. Kutlukov, \u201c\u0120z \u0120storii Mejdunarodn\u0131h Svyazey v Tsentralnoy Azii v 1755-1859 gg. (Svedeniya Ka\u0122garskih \u0120storikov)\u201d, Malovskie \u00c7teniya, (Material\u0131 Konferentsii), Alma-Ata, G\u0131l\u0131m, 1990, s. 59<\/p>\n KAYNAK\u00c7A <\/strong><\/p>\n ABDURAHMAN, Amina ve Jin YU-P\u0120NG, \u201cUne vue d\u201fensemble des manuscrits tchagatay du Xinjiang\u201d, Cahiers d\u2019Asie Centrale, Num\u00e9ro 8, 2000, ss. 35-62. AHMEDOV, B. A., \u0130storiko-Geografi\u00e7eskaya Literatura Sredney Azii XVI-XVIII vv., (Pismenn\u0131e Pamyatniki), Ta\u0122kent: \u0120zdatel\u201fstvo \u201cFAN\u201d Uzbekskoy SSR, 1985. AKIMU\u0121KIN, O. F., \u201cKa\u0122garskiy Pohod Uzbekov Pri Abdallah Hane\u201d, Srednevekov\u0131y Iran: Kul\u2019tura, \u0130storiya, Filologiya, Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2004, ss. 212-216. BABUR, Gazi Zahireddin Muhammed, Baburname, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden \u00e7eviren Re\u0122it Rahmeti Arat; \u00f6ns\u00f6z ve tarihi \u00f6zet Y. Hikmet Baydur, \u0120stanbul: Kabalc\u0131, 2006. BABUR, Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed, Le Livre de Babur: M\u00e9moires de Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur de 1494 \u00e0 1529, Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 et traduit du turc tchaghatay par JeanLouis Bacqu\u00e9-Grammont; annot\u00e9 avec la collaboration de Mohibbul Hasan, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1985. BABUR, Zahiru\u201fd-din Muhammad Padshah Ghazi, The Babur-Nama in English (Memoirs of Babur), c: I-II, translated from the original Turki text by Annette Susannah Beveridge, London: Luzac, 1922. Babur-Name: Zapiski Babura, perevod M. Sale; ob\u0122aya redaktsiya i dorabotka S. A. Azimcanovoy, Ta\u0122kent: Glav. red. entsiklopediy, 1992. BABUR, Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed, Vekayi: Babur\u2019un Hat\u0131rat\u0131, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden \u00e7eviren Re\u0122it Rahmeti Arat, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 1943-1946.<\/p>\n BARTHOLD, V. V., \u201c\u00c7agatayskaya Literatura\u201d, So\u00e7ineniya, c: V, Moskova, 1968, ss. 606- 610. BATHOLD, V. V., \u201cOt\u00e7et O Komandirovke v Turkestan\u201d, So\u00e7ineniya, c: VIII, Moskova, 1973, ss. 119\u2013210. BAYDEM\u0120R, H\u00fcseyin, \u201cB\u00e2b\u00fcrn\u00e2me\u201fde Folklorik ve Etnografik Unsurlar\u201d, Gazi T\u00fcrkiyat: T\u00fcrkl\u00fck Bilimi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, G\u00fcz 2010, Say\u0131: 7, ss. 107-134. BELH\u00ce, Mahmud b. Emir Veli, Bahru\u2019l-Esrar f\u00ee Menakibu\u2019l-Ahyar, tedvin-i Hakim Muhammed Said, Seyyid Muinu\u201fl-Hak, Ensar Zahid Han, Kara\u00e7i: Pakistan Historikal Sosayeti, 1984-. BELH\u00ce, Mahmud b. Emir Veli, Bahru\u2019l-Esrar f\u00ee Menakibu\u2019l-Ahyar: Sefer-Name-yi Hind ve Seylan, be-ihtimam ve mukaddime-i Riyazu\u201fl-Islam, Karachi: Institute of Central & West Asian Studies, University of Karachi, 1980. BELLEW, Henry Walter, Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74, London, 1875, ss. 326-327. BU\u011eRA, Mehmet Emin, \u015eark-i T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi, Kabil, 1940. CEYLAN, Nimet, Gazi Zahir\u00fcddin Muhammed B\u00e2bur Mirza\u2019n\u0131n Eserlerindeki \u0130kilemeler, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u0122 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 2009. CUMANAL\u0120EV, T. D., Politi\u00e7eskaya Bor\u2019ba s Mogul\u2019skom Gosudarstve v XVII-Na\u00e7ale XVIII Vekov: Po Dann\u0131m \u201cTarih-i Ka\u015fgar\u201d, Bi\u0122kek: IIMOP KNU, 2004. \u00c7URAS, \u0121ah Mahmud, Hronika, kriti\u00e7eskiy tekst, perevod, kommentarii, issledovanie i ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, Moskva: Nauka, 1976. \u00c7URAS, \u0121ah Mahmud, Hronika, Kriti\u00e7eskiy tekst, perevod, kommentarii, issledovanii i ukazateli O. F. Akimu\u0122kina, 2-e izd, St. Petersbug: Peterburgskoe Lingvisti\u00e7eskoe Ob\u0122estvo, 2010. \u00c7URAS, \u0121ah Mahmud, Saidiya Handanl\u0131k\u0131 Tarihige Dair Materyaller, tr. Habibullah Eli, Ka\u0122gar: Ka\u0122gar Uygur Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1989. DAZHENG, Ma \u201cThe Tarim Basin\u201d, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, vol: V, Editors: Chahryar Adle and Irfan Habib, Co-editor: Karl M. Baipakov, Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003, ss. 182-209. DUGLAT, Mirza Haydar, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee: Geride B\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Hikayesi, \u00e7ev. E. Denion Ross, T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Osman Karatay, \u0120stanbul: Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006. Eho vekov; stihi uygurskih poetov XV-XIX vekov, Red. V. P. Yudin & M. Hamarov, Sost. M. Hamraev, V. Yudin, S. Mollaudov & I. Muhlisov, Alma-Ata, Kazgoslitizdat, 1963. ETH\u00c9, Hermann (1903) Catalogue of Persian Mansucripts in the Library of the India Office, c: I, Oxford.<\/p>\n FLETCHER, Joseph, \u201cThe Ch\u201fing Inner Asia, c. 1800\u201d The Cambridge History of Chi\u0131na: Late Ch\u2019ing, 1800-1911, c: X\/I, edited by John K. Fairbank, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, ss. 35-106. HACI, Nur Hac\u0131, Yeken Seidiye Hanl\u0131k\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ska\u00e7a Tarihi, \u0121incan Halk Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1993. HARTMANN, M., \u201cEin Heiligenstaat im Islam. Das Ende der Caghataiden und die Herrschaft der Cho\u011fas in Ka\u0161garien,\u201d Der islamische Orient, c: 1\/6\u201310, Berlin, 1905, ss. 193\u2013 374. Haydar Mirza, A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia; Being the Tarikh-i-Rashidi of Mirza Muhammad Haidar, Dughl\u00e1t . An English version edited, with commentary, notes, and map by N. Elias, the translation by E. Denison Ross, New York: Praeger, 1895. Haydar Mirza, Mirza Haydar Dughlat\u2019s Tarikh-i Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan, English translation & annotation by W. M. Thackston, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1996. Haydar Mirza, Mirza Haydar Dughlat\u2019s Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan, Persian text edited by W. M. Thackston, Cambridge, Harvard University, 1996. Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee, tashih-i Abbaskulu Gaffariferd, Tahran, Merkez-i Ne\u0122r-i Miras-\u0131 Mektub, 1383 h.\u0122. Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Re\u015fid\u00ee, Vvedenie, perevod s persidskogo A. Urunbaeva, R. P. Celilovoy i L. M. Epifanovoy, Ta\u0122kent: \u0120zd-vo \u201cFAN\u201d Akademi Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 1996. Haydar Mirza, Tarih-i Re\u015fidiy, Vahab Rahmonov ve Yangli\u0122 Egamova terc\u00fcmesi, Ta\u0122kent: \u201c\u0121ark\u201d, 2010. Hoca Muhammed \u0121erif, Tarih-i Re\u015fidi T\u00fcrki Terc\u00fcmesi\u011fe \u0130lave, ed: Amanbek Celilov, Kavahara Yayoi, Savada Minoru, \u0121inmin Yasu\u0122i, Huri Sunao, Tokyo, 2008. JALILOV, Amanbek ve Shinmen Yasushi, \u201cAddendum to the Turkic Translation of Tarikh-i Rashidi by Khwaja Muhammad Sharif\u201d, Studies on Xinjiang Historical Sources in 17- 20th Centuries, edited by James A. Millward, Shinmen Yasushi, Sugawara Jun, Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 2010, ss. 31-47. KA\u0121GAR\u00ce, Muhammed Sad\u0131k, Tezkire-i Azizan, Ka\u0122gar: Ka\u0122gar Uygur Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1988. KA\u0121GAR\u00ce, Muhammed Sad\u0131k, Tezkire-yi Azizan, ed: A. Q. M\u00fcminov, Almat\u0131: \u201cDaik-Press\u201d, 2006. KURBAN, \u0120klil, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in Sava\u015f, Ankara: TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995. KUTLUKOV, M., \u201c\u0120z \u0120storii Mejdunarodn\u0131h Svyazey v Tsentralnoy Azii v 1755-1859 gg. (Svedeniya Ka\u0122garskih \u0120storikov)\u201d, Malovskie \u00c7teniya, (Material\u0131 Konferentsii), Alma-Ata, G\u0131l\u0131m, 1990, ss. 59-82. LIANGTAO, Wei, Yeken Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tarihinden Umumi Beyan, tr. Ablet Nurdun, Sancak Halk Ne\u0122riyat\u0131, 1999.<\/p>\n VEL\u0120DOV, A. Z., \u201cVosto\u00e7n\u0131ya Rukopisi v Ferganskoy Oblasti\u201d, Zapiski Vosto\u00e7nogo Otdeleniya \u0130mperatorskogo Russkogo Arheologi\u00e7eskogo Ob\u015festva, St. Petersburg, c: 22, 1915, ss. 303-320. YURDAK\u00d6K, Murat, \u201cB\u00e2b\u00fcr \u0121ah\u201f\u0131n (1483-1530) \u00dcnl\u00fc Eseri Bab\u00fcrname\u201fde T\u0131bb\u00ee Bilgiler\u201d, \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Dergisi, 2007, Say\u0131: 50, ss. 73-77. YUSUPOVA D. Yu ve R. P. CEL\u0120LOVA, Sobranie Vosto\u00e7n\u0131h Rukopisey Akademi Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan: \u0130storiya, Ta\u0122kent: \u0120zdatelstvo \u201cFan\u201d Akademi Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 1998.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. M. Bilal \u00c7EL\u0120K \u00d6zet Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tarih boyunca Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buhara, Ka\u015fgarya, Alt\u0131\u015fehir, Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131, \u00c7inT\u00fcrkistan\u0131 ve Sincan (Sinkiang) isimleriyle an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede1514-1696 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Saidiye Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmesinin ard\u0131ndan, Nak\u015fibend\u00ee tarikat\u0131 mensubu veHocalar olarak maruf olan ki\u015filer y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 1762 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede \u00c7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3974"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3977,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3974\/revisions\/3977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n