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Do\u00e7. Dr. \u0130klil KURBAN<\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u0131l 1989. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u201cUYGURLAR\u201d ad\u0131nda 840 sayfal\u0131k, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun sonuna kadar 3000 y\u0131ll\u0131k olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7e\u00adren dev bir eser Arap harflar\u0131yla Uygurca olarak bas\u0131l\u0131r ve sat\u0131l\u0131r. Fakat \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden eserin yank\u0131s\u0131ndan ve tesirinden korkan \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kitab\u0131 yasaklar, yazar\u0131 Turgun AImas\u2019\u0131 da g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e uygulanan kitab\u0131 geri alma eylemi, halk\u0131n kitaba olan merak\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok daha artt\u0131r\u0131r. Evvelce sat\u0131lan kitaplar elden ele dola\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r ve oku\u00adnur. Bu haberi gelen gidenlerden duyunca bu kitaba benim de merak\u0131m art\u0131vermi\u015fti. Acaba, \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu kitaba neden bu kadar k\u0131zm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetini bu kadar k\u0131z\u00add\u0131ran bir kitab\u0131 yazmaya c\u00fcret eden bu yazar kimdir?<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte bu merak sonucu bu kitab\u0131 bulup okudum ve yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fim sorulara ce\u00advap arad\u0131m. Ger\u00e7ekten \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kendi milli felsefesi ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131zmada \u00e7ok hakl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yazar tarihe sad\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hayat\u0131 pahas\u0131na olsa bile, ger\u00e7ekleri yazarak, ho\u015funa gitmeyen bir c\u00fcmle s\u00f6z i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 dara\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren bu korkun\u00e7 \u00c7in\u2019i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alan bu cesur ki\u015fi kimdir?<\/p>\n Yazar ve \u015fair olan Turgun Almas 30.10.1924 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ka\u015fgar\u2019da, yoksul bir ailede d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Ka\u015fgar ve \u00dcr\u00fcm\u00e7i\u2019de ilk, orta ve lise tahsilini tamamlar. \u00c7in dilini iyi \u00f6\u011f\u00adrenir. O ilk defa 1941\u2019de \u201cKAYTMAYM\u0130Z\u201d (D\u00f6nmeyiz) adl\u0131 \u015fiirini yay\u0131nlar. Y\u0131l 1943. \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 propaganda faaliyetlerinde bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in hapsedilir. O hapishanede iken, \u201cTUTKUN\u201d (Tutsak), \u201cG\u0130R\u0130P MOMAY\u201d (Bi\u00e7are Nine), \u201cCEM\u0130LE\u201d, \u201cAZATL\u0130K ME\u00ad\u015eEL\u0130\u201d (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Me\u015fgalesi), \u201c\u0130K\u0130 TAM\u00c7A YA\u015e\u201d (\u0130ki Damla Ya\u015f) gibi \u015fiirleri yazarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe olan \u00fcmit ve arzular\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 vilayetinde, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan halk, 12.11.1944 g\u00fcn\u00fc Gulca \u015fehrinde \u201c\u015eARK\u0130 T\u00dcRK\u0130STAN CUM\u00adHUR\u0130YET\u0130\u201dN\u0130 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Turgun Almas bu cumhuriyeti candan alk\u0131\u015flar ve \u00dcr\u00fcm\u00e7i\u2019deki bu cumhuriyete kar\u015f\u0131 olan \u00c7in yanl\u0131s\u0131 hainlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cSATKUNGA \u00d6L\u00dcM\u201d (Ha\u00adine \u00d6l\u00fcm) adl\u0131 \u015fiirini yazar. \u015eair 21.7.1947 g\u00fcn\u00fc tekrar tutuklan\u0131r. \u015earki T\u00fcrkistan Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, genel olarak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan halk\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve iste\u011fi ile \u015fa\u00adir 8.4.1949 g\u00fcn\u00fc hapishaneden sal\u0131verilir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131 o Gulca\u2019ya gelip, \u201cALGA\u201d (ileri) ga\u00adzetesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n Y\u0131l 1949, Sonbahar. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flar. Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019i ele ge\u00e7iren \u00c7in kom\u00fcnistleri, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da da \u00c7in zulm\u00fcnden inleyen bir\u00e7ok insanlara \u00fcmit getirir. Bu \u00fcmit \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kurtulu\u015fu arayan Turgun Al\u00admas 1950-1953 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00dcr\u00fcm\u00e7i\u2019de emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sorumlu g\u00f6revler \u00fcst\u00adlenir. \u00c7evri ve edebi i\u015fler ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. Fakat, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden, t\u0131pk\u0131 Mirseyt Sultangaliev ve Zeki Velidi Togan gibi Turgun Alma\u015f da, kurtarma propagandas\u0131 ve kom\u00fcnizm per\u00addesi arkas\u0131na gizlenen \u00c7in ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve anlar. Aldand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na var\u0131r. Art\u0131k Turgun Alma\u015f i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilecek tek yol ve yap\u0131labilecek tek i\u015f vard\u0131: Siyasi hayattan \u00e7ekilmek ve \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n dili ile milletinin tarihinin derinliklerine dalmak. Evet, Turgun Almas en do\u011fru olan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7er ve yapar.<\/p>\n Esir milletlerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi \u00f6nce kendini tan\u0131maktan yani tarihini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilmekten ge\u00e7er. Bilhassa Uygurlar gibi uzun bir siyasi tarihe ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip millet kendini tam anlam\u0131yla tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 an, o milletin kurtulu\u015f m\u00fc\u00adcadelesini hi\u00e7bir kara g\u00fc\u00e7 durduramaz. Millete mal olan manevi g\u00fc\u00e7 hemen maddi g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Turgun Almas\u2019\u0131n Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f Eserleri:<\/p>\n Hunlar\u0131n K\u0131saca Tarihi adl\u0131 eser Almanya\u2019da Almanca, Eski Uygur Edebiyat\u0131 adl\u0131 eser Arabistan\u2019da Arap\u00e7a bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, (s: 1-5).<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece yazar hakk\u0131nda k\u0131saca bilgi verdikten sonra, \u201c\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu kitaba ne\u00adden bu kadar k\u0131zm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\u201d sorusuna cevap olabilir diye tahmin etti\u011fim bilgi ve ifadeleri s\u0131ralamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m:<\/p>\n \u201cJeoloji ve arkeoloji bilimlerinin \u00fcnl\u00fc bilginlerinin Orta Asya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucuna g\u00f6re, tahminen bundan 8.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n tabiat\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015f, kurakl\u0131k afeti meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple ecdatlar\u0131\u00adm\u0131z\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte o zaman Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusu olan Tar\u0131m ovas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ecdatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Altay da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u015fimdiki Mo\u011folistan ve Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fc etraf\u0131na gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, Mo\u011folistan\u2019dan \u015ein-Cang\u2019a (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a) tekrar g\u00f6\u00e7 eden bu Do\u011fu Uygurlar\u0131, bundan 8.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Tar\u0131m ovas\u0131ndan Mo\u011folistan ve Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fc etraf\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ecdatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n evlatlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d (s:8).<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131daki ifadeleri kulland\u0131ktan sonra yazar, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n yani Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkis\u00adtan\u2019\u0131n da asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131r ve bu sonucu yer-su adlar\u0131 ile ispat eder (s: 13). \u201cHay\u0131r, Uygurlar gelmeden \u00f6nce buralarda ba\u015fka halklar (\u00c7inliler, demek istiyor) ya\u015f\u0131yordu\u201d diyen \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 \u00c7in tarih\u00e7ilerini yazar, \u201cbu iddia tarihi kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak sapt\u0131rmakt\u0131r\u201d (s:40) ifadesiyle a\u011f\u0131r bir \u015fekilde tenkit eder.<\/p>\n Milattan \u00f6nce 625 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len Turan padi\u015fah\u0131 Alp Ertunga ile \u0130ranl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00adg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tumris hakk\u0131nda yazar \u015fu ifadeleri kullanmaktad\u0131r: \u201cOrta Asya halkla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n ulu anas\u0131, ak\u0131ll\u0131, y\u00fcrekli, vatansever Turan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc simgesi olan Tumris\u2019in Alp Ertunga\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015faktan torunu oldu\u011fu ihtimale \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Tumris\u2019in ad\u0131 T\u00f6m\u00fcr (Demir) olup, Yunan tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan Tumuris diye yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d (s:56- 58).<\/p>\n \u201cTutem\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fimdiki Avustralya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Papauslarin (Avrupal\u0131lar onlara \u0130ndiyanlar, diyor) dilinde \u201conun nesli\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bizim ecdatlar\u0131m\u0131z kurtu kendile\u00adri i\u00e7in tutem yapm\u0131\u015flarsa, Hindular ine\u011fi, \u00c7inliler ise ejderhay\u0131 tutem yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (s:63-64). \u201cUygurlar\u0131n, Hunlar\u0131n ve T\u00fcrklerin etnik k\u00f6keni ayn\u0131d\u0131r\u201d (s:75).<\/p>\n Turan kahramanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hissedilen sevgi ve ayn\u0131 tutem, ayn\u0131 etnik k\u00f6ken ifade\u00adleri \u00c7inlileri \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z eder. Onlara g\u00f6re, Uygurlar, Hunlardan ve T\u00fcrklerden farkl\u0131 bamba\u015fka, yani \u00c7inlilere biraz daha yak\u0131n \u0131rkt\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olduktan sonra elbette, Uygurla\u00adr\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131 \u00c7inlilerin topra\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc anlam\u0131nda olup, bir \u0131rk\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r (s: 177). \u201cG\u00f6kt\u00fcrk hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulurken, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece Altay\u2019daki T\u00fcrkleri g\u00f6steren etnik anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk Hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrinde T\u00fcrk denilen ad T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan \u0131rk ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131\u00adm\u0131ndan bir birine benzeyen veya yak\u0131n olan Uygur, O\u011fuz, K\u0131rg\u0131z, K\u0131p\u00e7ak, \u00c7igil, Basmil, T\u00fcrge\u015fler ile sonradan T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f Kitanlar\u0131n ve ba\u015fka halklar\u0131n ortak millet ad\u0131 ol\u00admu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fte o zamandan bu yana T\u00fcrk s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc T\u00fcrk hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131n milli ve siyasi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten bir ad olmu\u015ftur\u201d (s: 179)<\/p>\n \u00c7in\u2019in tarih boyunca T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 kullana gelen tedbiri, bir birine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt ve par\u00e7ala yut, olmu\u015ftur (s:199-200).<\/p>\n \u00c7inli melikelere evlenmek T\u00fcrk hanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline gelmi\u015fti. \u00c7uluk Han \u00c7inli melike Ye\u00e7ing ile evlendi. Ye\u00e7ing 621\u2019de \u00c7uluk Han\u2019\u0131 zehirleyip \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc (s:205).<\/p>\n Yazar, 630 y\u0131l\u0131nda cereyan eden \u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin kahraman\u0131 K\u00fcr\u015fad hakk\u0131nda yazarken, bu tarihi olgudan esenlenerek, \u00fcmit ve heyecan\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 gizlemeden \u015fu sat\u0131rlar ile ifade etmektedir: \u201cY\u00fcce ruhlu, ar\u0131slan y\u00fcrekli kahraman Kur\u015fad\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden ve m\u00fccadele etmekte olanlar\u0131n kalbinde ebedi ya\u015fad\u0131 ve ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r\u201d (s:211).<\/p>\n \u00c7inlilerin T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fta elde etti\u011fi zaferler, genelde askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 zaferi de\u011fil, politik hile zaferi idi. \u201cOnlar T\u00fcrkleri bir birine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131p zay\u0131flatt\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin eliyle T\u00fcrkleri yendi\u201d (s: 231).<\/p>\n \u201cUygurlar T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde say\u0131ca \u00e7ok ve en sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir topluluk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 onlar\u0131n bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden yararlanmak amac\u0131yla onlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yol\u00adlarla T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d (s:232).<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7in 750 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Talas sava\u015f\u0131nda yenildikten sonra, ta 1757 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan 1000 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Orta Asya\u2019ya el uzatamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d (s: 241).<\/p>\n \u00c7in devleti, Tang s\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminde Orhun Uygur Devletine vergi olarak her y\u0131l 20.000 top ipek kuma\u015f \u00f6demi\u015ftir. Bu durum 757 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 840 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tahminen 100 y\u0131l devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu vergiyi \u00c7in\u2019in saray tarih\u00e7ileri \u201chediye\u201d denilen g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler ile \u00f6rtbas etmi\u015flerdir (s:253).<\/p>\n \u00c7in padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk hakanlar\u0131na kar\u0131 olarak vermelerinin sebep\u00adlerini \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 noktada toplayabiliriz:<\/p>\n 1. \u00c7in ile T\u00fcrk devleti ortas\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmalar\u0131 kafaletlendirmek.<\/p>\n 2. T\u00fcrk devletine g\u00f6nderilen \u00c7in melikesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile, o devletin i\u00e7 i\u015flerinden ha\u00adberdar olmak.<\/p>\n 3. \u00c7in melikesinden do\u011fmu\u015f \u015fehzadeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile o devleti n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na almak, \u015fehzadeleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma yolu ile o devleti par\u00e7alamak (s:264-265).<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7in\u2019in el\u00e7i ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in ba\u015fkenti \u00c7angen\u2019den k\u00fczeye do\u011fru \u00c7in Seddi\u2019nden ge\u00e7erek Uygur devleti topra\u011f\u0131na gelirlerdi. Sonra kuzeydeki Uygur ba\u015fkenti Karabalasagun\u2019a girirlerdi. Oradan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Altay da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Be\u015fbal\u0131k\u2019a ge\u00ad\u00e7erdi. Be\u015fbal\u0131k\u2019tan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru hareket ederek, \u0130li ovas\u0131, Yedisu \u00fczerinden Orta Asya ve Bat\u0131 Asya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu yol Uygur Orhun hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in, tarihte bu yola \u201cUygur Yolu\u201d denilmi\u015ftir\u201d (s:277).<\/p>\n \u00c7in ve Avrupa tarih\u00e7ilerinin, yan\u0131s\u0131ra bizim de \u201c\u0130pek Yolu\u201d diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu yolu, tarih\u00e7i Turgun Almas \u201cUygur Yolu\u201d diye adland\u0131rarak ona ge\u00e7mi\u015ften buyana tarih boyunca s\u00fcre gelen ulusal anlam\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n isyan\u0131 sonucu Orhun Uygur hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Uygurlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Pan Tekin liderli\u011finde bat\u0131ya, \u00d6gi Tekin liderli\u011findeki bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcne\u00adye g\u00f6\u00e7 eder. \u00d6gi Tekin \u00c7in ba\u015fkenti \u00c7angen\u2019e el\u00e7iler g\u00f6nderip yard\u0131m iste\u011finde bulu\u00adnur. Uygurlar 756-762 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de cereyan eden Ongl\u00fck-S\u00f6yg\u00fcm isyan\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131p Tang s\u00fclalesini kurtarm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ok miktarda askeri yard\u0131mda bulunmu\u015ftu. Fakat, Tang s\u00fclalesi ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki o kara g\u00fcnlerini unutup, iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck ile Uygurlara yard\u0131m et\u00admeyi kabul etmez. Pan Tekin liderli\u011findeki bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Uygurlar ise bat\u0131daki kendi karde\u015flerinin yard\u0131m\u0131 ile orada ba\u015fka devletler kurar (s: 289-295).<\/p>\n \u201cUygurlarda eski zamanlardan bu yana kahraman erkeklere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme gelene\u00ad\u011fi vard\u0131. Bu elbette bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fil, Uygurlar\u0131n tarihinden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f birikimdi. \u00c7ok eski zamanlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar her hangi bir halk kendi vatan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131\u00adr\u0131s\u0131ndan korurken, kahraman erkeklerden olu\u015fan bir orduya dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Uy\u00adgurlar eskiden sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan atl\u0131 orduya sahipti. Onlar say\u0131ca kendilerin\u00adden be\u015f hatta on hisse fazla olan d\u00fc\u015fman ordusu \u00fczerine irkilmeden sald\u0131r\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131 yerle bir ederdi. 756-762 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda cereyan eden \u00d6ngl\u00fck-S\u00f6yg\u00fcm isyan\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131r\u00admada \u00c7in\u2019e birka\u00e7 defa yard\u0131ma gelen Uygur ordusunun asker say\u0131s\u0131 50.000\u2019den \u00e7ok de\u00ad\u011fildi. Eski zamanlarda Uygur k\u0131zlar\u0131 kendilerine e\u015f se\u00e7erken, erke\u011fin kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k \u015f\u00fcphesiz vatan sevgisinden ileri gelmektedir\u201d (s: 308).<\/p>\n Y\u0131l 840\u2019ta Do\u011fu Uygurlar\u0131 yani Orhun Uygurlar\u0131 bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken, Orhun Uygur hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun tarihini yans\u0131tan \u201cK\u00f6\u00e7-K\u00f6\u00e7 Destan\u0131\u201d meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu destan, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Iran tarih\u00e7isi Cuveyni\u2019nin \u201cTarihi Cihangu\u015fa\u201d (D\u00fcnya istilac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tarihi) adl\u0131 eserinde kaydedilmi\u015ftir (s: 311-315). \u201cK\u00f6\u00e7-K\u00f6\u00e7 Destan\u0131\u201d Uygurla\u00adr\u0131n Orta \u00c7a\u011fda yaratm\u0131\u015f olan manevi zenginliklerinin en iyisi olup, bu destan Uygurla\u00adr\u0131n dilini, tarihini ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmede de\u011ferli bir kaynakt\u0131r (s:319).<\/p>\n Uygur hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Karabalasagun\u2019un uzunlu\u011fu 24 kilometre kadar olup, bu \u015fehir 8-9. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Tang s\u00fclalesinin ba\u015fkenti \u00c7angen\u2019den kalsa Asya\u2019da ikinci de\u00adrecedeki bir \u015fehirdi. O zaman \u00c7angen\u2019i ku\u015fatan surun uzunlu\u011fu 35 kilometre idi (s: 326).<\/p>\n Do\u011fu Uygurlar\u0131 \u015eaman dininde, Bat\u0131 Uygurlar\u0131 Budda dininde idiler. \u015eaman dini \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olup, baz\u0131 rivayetlere g\u00f6re, \u201cManis\u201d ad\u0131nda galebe Tanr\u0131s\u0131 da varm\u0131\u015f. Bu y\u00fczden 840\u2019ta bir isyan ile Orhun Uygur Hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, bu galebe \u015fere\u00adfine kendi hanlar\u0131na Manis unvan\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. K\u0131rg\u0131zlardaki \u201cManas Destan\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ad\u0131 herhalde bu \u201cManis\u201dtan gelmektedir (s:328).<\/p>\n \u201cAraplar\u0131n Orta Asya halklar\u0131n\u0131 diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme i\u015fgal eylemi tam 100 y\u0131l (651-751) s\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrklerin yenilgisi Araplar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden de\u011fil, belki Orta Asya halklar\u0131n\u0131n arka taraf\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvensizli\u011finden ve kendi aralar\u0131ndaki ittifaks\u0131zl\u0131ktan ileri geldi. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, Araplar Orta Asya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk Hakan\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor durumda idi. Memleket i\u00e7inde cereyan eden huzursuzluklar d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan Tang s\u00fcla\u00adlesi taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmekte idi. \u00c7inlilerin T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eylemleri sonucunu vermekte idi. B\u00f6ylece iki cephe aras\u0131nda kalan Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Araplara kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi \u00e7aba g\u00f6steremediler\u201d (s:411),<\/p>\n \u201cKarahanl\u0131lar tarihinden bizim alabilece\u011fimiz en ac\u0131 ders nedir? \u00d6nce \u015funu s\u00f6yle\u00admek gerekir ki, birle\u015fmi\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, medeniyetli olan Karahanl\u0131lar devleti 1040 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u00ad\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Karahanl\u0131 Devleti olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f olsa idi, son d\u00f6nemlerinde oldu\u00ad\u011fu gibi Karah\u0131taylara da, Sel\u00e7uklulara da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalmazd\u0131. Belki yine y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet olarak Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n ve Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi\u00adne katk\u0131da bulunurdu. Kendi topra\u011f\u0131na kendisinin sahip oldu\u011fu mutlu bir nesilden \u015f\u00fcp\u00adhesiz daha nice Yusuf Hashacipler ve daha nice Mahmut Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar do\u011fmu\u015f olurdu\u201d (s:573-574).<\/p>\n Okurlar\u0131mdan, yukar\u0131daki ifadelerin son c\u00fcmlesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek tekrar okumas\u0131n\u0131 is\u00adterim: \u201cKendi topra\u011f\u0131na kendisinin sahip oldu\u011fu mutlu bir nesilden \u015f\u00fcphesiz daha nice Yusuf Hashacipler ve daha nice Mahmut Ka\u015fgarl\u0131lar do\u011fmu\u015f olurdu\u201d. Evet, Turgun Al\u00admas \u00e7ok hakl\u0131d\u0131r, ac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr\u2026<\/p>\n \u201cTavga\u00e7\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda biraz izah vermek yerinde olur. Bu s\u00f6z \u201cba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u201d anla\u00adm\u0131nda olup, \u00c7in\u2019in Hunlar dahil kuzey kom\u015fular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019e verilmi\u015f bir add\u0131r. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Do\u011fu Roma tarih\u00e7isi Simokatta: \u201cTavga\u00e7 asl\u0131nda Turanilerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesidir\u201d diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in kendi tarihinin bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6nemlerinde Hunlara ve T\u00fcrklere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalarak her y\u0131l\u0131 belli miktarlarda ipek kuma\u015f gibi \u015feyler ile vergi \u00f6demi\u015ftir (s:590-591).<\/p>\n \u201cEski zamanlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olan sava\u015f tarihinde, say\u0131s\u0131 az ama y\u00fcksek ruhlu, cesur, intizaml\u0131 ordunun, say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok ama ruhsuz, intizams\u0131z ordu \u00fcst\u00fcnden galip oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar \u00e7oktur. Bizim ulu, kahraman, ak\u0131ll\u0131 ecdatlar\u0131m\u0131z az say\u0131daki ordu ile d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131daki ordusu \u00fcst\u00fcnden galip gelmenin \u015fanl\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ek Uygur tarihinden haberi var herkese bellidir\u201d (s: 605).<\/p>\n Karahanl\u0131 devletinin t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e (960-1279 y\u0131llan aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Sung s\u00fclalesi devrinde) 30 defa gitti\u011fi halde, Sung s\u00fclalesi zay\u0131f bir hanl\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yolun uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek, do\u011frusu Tangutlardan korkup, Karahanl\u0131 devletine bir defa bile \u00c7inli t\u00fcccarlar gelememi\u015ftir (s: 666).<\/p>\n Liu Zh\u0131 Shiao adl\u0131 bir \u00c7inlinin ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanan \u201cUygur Tarihi\u201d denilen bir kitap 1987 ve 1988 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ard\u0131 ard\u0131na Pekin\u2019de iki defa bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem \u00c7in\u00e7e, hem Uygurca bas\u0131lan bu kitap 2 cilt halinde toplam 1200 sayfad\u0131r. Resmi emir ile yaz\u0131lan bu dev ki\u00adtapta yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bilgi ve ifadelere hi\u00e7 yer verilmemi\u015f olmakla beraber z\u0131tt\u0131 ya\u00adz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitaba milli hain Seyfeddin Azizi \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu 5 sayfal\u0131k \u00f6ns\u00fcz yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00ads\u00f6zde yer alan: \u201cYazar bu eseri Marksizm-Leninizm ve Mao \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eserdeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi uygundur\u201d c\u00fcmlesi, bu kitab\u0131n nas\u0131l bir kitap ol\u00addu\u011funu anlamada yeterli ifadedir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da bug\u00fcn Uygurlar hakk\u0131nda bir biri ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan dev iki eser bulunmaktad\u0131r. Birisi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, m\u00fcstemlekeci \u00c7in resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tan uyduruk \u201cUygur Tarihi\u201ddir. \u00d6b\u00fcr\u00fc, tarihi ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tan bilimsel, fakat yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cUygurlar\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131m\u0131n sonuna yakla\u015f\u0131rken, Turgun Almas\u2019\u0131 bu bilimsel eseri ile candan kutlar\u0131m. Bilim herkesin yapabilece\u011fi\u201d kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Bilimin geli\u015fmesinin tarihi, Ulu\u011f Bey (1394- 1449) gibi, Bruno (1548-1600) gibi ulu zatlar\u0131n dar a\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin tari\u00adhidir. Bilim, hayat\u0131 pahas\u0131na olsa bile do\u011fruyu s\u00f6ylemekten zevk alan \u00fcst\u00fcn zekal\u0131 cesur ki\u015filerin yapabilece\u011fi insanl\u0131k aleminin en kutsal i\u015fidir. Bilim, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karanl\u0131ktan ay\u00add\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa, esirlikten \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren en \u015ferefli i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte Turgun Almas\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, bu i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Do\u00e7. Dr. \u0130klil KURBAN Y\u0131l 1989. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u201cUYGURLAR\u201d ad\u0131nda 840 sayfal\u0131k, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun sonuna kadar 3000 y\u0131ll\u0131k olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7e\u00adren dev bir eser Arap harflar\u0131yla Uygurca olarak bas\u0131l\u0131r ve sat\u0131l\u0131r. Fakat \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden eserin yank\u0131s\u0131ndan ve tesirinden korkan \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kitab\u0131 yasaklar, yazar\u0131 Turgun AImas\u2019\u0131 da g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e uygulanan kitab\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilginler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3947"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3952,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3947\/revisions\/3952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n