{"id":3806,"date":"2020-03-19T23:38:16","date_gmt":"2020-03-19T20:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=3806"},"modified":"2020-03-19T23:38:16","modified_gmt":"2020-03-19T20:38:16","slug":"turkiyede-uygur-toplumu-tarihi-seruveni-sorunlari-ve-talepleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=3806","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Uygur Toplumu: Tarih\u00ee Ser\u00fcveni, Sorunlar\u0131 ve Talepleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\"Amine Tuna Ert\u00fcrk<\/p>\n

\u201cBen, 17 Eyl\u00fcl (1949) ve \u0130sa (Yusuf) Alptekin 20 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Urum\u00e7i\u2019yi terk edip 100\u2019e yak\u0131n meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131zla beraber Ka\u015fgar\u2019a geldik ve Hint topraklar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya karar verdik. Kom\u00fcnistler mahalli h\u00fck\u00fcmet makamlar\u0131na bizi yakalamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in emirler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, tehlike bizi \u00e7evirmi\u015fti\u2026 Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Kargal\u0131k\u2019tan yola \u00e7\u0131karak 1.000\u2019e yak\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menle birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. 31 Ekim\u2019de hudut muhaf\u0131z askerlerinin k\u0131\u015flas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne geldik. Bu istihk\u00e2mdaki \u00c7in askeri bizi yakalamak i\u00e7in emir alm\u0131\u015f ve ciddi tertibat kurmu\u015f bulunuyordu. 1 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Alptekin\u2019i ve bir g\u00fcn sonra da beni yakalad\u0131lar. Ellerimizi ba\u011flayarak \u00e7ok so\u011fuk bir ambara hapsettiler\u2026 Sancu\u2019da bizi bir ba\u015fka b\u00f6l\u00fck teslim ald\u0131. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kumandan\u0131 olan subay bize kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok yumu\u015fak davran\u0131yordu. Subayla anla\u015ft\u0131k. Alptekin, ben ve \u00fc\u00e7 adam\u0131m\u0131z 15 Sonte\u015frin (Kas\u0131m) gecesi Sancu\u2019dan ka\u00e7arak iki g\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fckten sonra ailelerimizi bekledik. Bir g\u00fcn sonra onlar geldiler. Ailelerimizle birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kafile olarak yola \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131z\u0131 tehlikeli g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Zavall\u0131 aileleri Allah\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131p yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck tehlikeli yol \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeydi. O m\u00fcthi\u015f yollar\u0131 gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnde ge\u00e7tik. A\u00e7l\u0131k, so\u011fuk ve sefalet i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck\u2026 Yakas\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131p ka\u00e7abilen di\u011fer muhacirlere yeti\u015ftik. Ekserisini atlar\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve a\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015f bulduk. Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n elleri ayaklar\u0131 donmu\u015f veya bozulmu\u015f bir h\u00e2ldeydi. Bu h\u00e2ller i\u00e7inde 11 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Hindistan\u2019\u0131n hudut \u015fehri Ladak\u2019a vas\u0131l olduk\u2026 Bu yolda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve so\u011fuktan 65 ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, 55 ki\u015finin el ve ayaklar\u0131 donarak kopmu\u015ftu. Ayaklar\u0131 donmu\u015f h\u00e2lde bulunanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde (\u0130sa Yusuf) Alptekin\u2019in bir o\u011flu ve bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131 da vard\u0131. Zavall\u0131 k\u0131z, derdiyle sonradan vefat etti.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

(Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, 1952)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Muhacerat an\u0131lar\u0131 bu sat\u0131rlarda hayat bulan \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra, Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in ordusu T\u00fcrkistan topraklar\u0131na ilerledi\u011fi s\u0131rada g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya yetmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp hicret karar\u0131 alan Uygur m\u00fcnevverlerdendir. Bu iki \u015fahsiyet Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in ordusunun Uygur \u015fehirlerini bir bir teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1949 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131nda Ka\u015fgar\u2019da bir araya gelirler. 21 Ekim\u2019de yanlar\u0131nda aile \u00fcyeleri ve y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fiyle birlikte en emniyetli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olan Hindistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden me\u015fakkatli bir yolculu\u011fa koyulurlar. Dondurucu iklim \u015fartlar\u0131nda engebelerle dolu zorlu bir da\u011f yolunu a\u015fmay\u0131 gerektiren bu yolculuk, 852 ki\u015fiyle ba\u015flar. Kafilede a\u00e7l\u0131k ve so\u011fuktan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenler olur. Sonunda kafileden geriye kalan 798 ki\u015fi Ke\u015fmir\u2019in Ladak kentine ula\u015f\u0131r.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

1952 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ayn\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2htan Ke\u015fmir, Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015fan Kazak ve Uygur muhacirlerin say\u0131s\u0131 binleri bulmu\u015ftur. Uygurlar, din\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak yabanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ekmeyecekleri ve mill\u00ee kimliklerini muhafaza edebilecekleri kal\u0131c\u0131 bir vatan aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra muhacirlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Hindistan, Afganistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Suudi Arabistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de resm\u00ee makamlarla pek \u00e7ok temasta bulunur. U\u011fra\u015flar\u0131 sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonu\u00e7 verir ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunan 1.850 ki\u015filik kafileye T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131nca isk\u00e2nl\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Kazak ve Uygurlardan olu\u015fan bu ilk kafile Konya \u0130smail, Ni\u011fde Altayk\u00f6y, Nev\u015fehir (Aksaray), Kayseri Develi, Manisa Salihli ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a yerle\u015ftirilir.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

1960\u2019lar\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Afganistan, Ke\u015fmir ve Pakistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f 600\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde Uygur ise bu \u00fclkelerde kendilerine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00c7in\u2019e iade edilme tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r. Bu muhacirler, sosyal olarak da hi\u00e7bir devlet yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ilk iste\u011fi yine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015fmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olur. Bu ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131nda muhacirlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ya da Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin (BMMYK) \u00e7abalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, soyda\u015flar\u0131 olarak kabul etti\u011fi bu muhacirlere ev, tar\u0131m faaliyetleri i\u00e7in arazi ve ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 sermaye yard\u0131m\u0131nda bulunur. 22 ya\u015f\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Uygur gen\u00e7leri askerlik vazifelerini yerine getirmek \u00fczere orduya al\u0131n\u0131r.[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Muhtelif illerde T\u00fcrkistan k\u00f6yleri ve mahallelerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Uygur toplumunun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 Mao\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00c7in\u2019in d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1970\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131r. Ancak bu sefer T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de say\u0131lar\u0131 artan, kamuoyunda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanan Uygur toplumu, \u00c7in i\u00e7in bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ticaret, e\u011fitim ya da hacca gitme gibi ama\u00e7larla pasaportlar\u0131yla \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kabilenlerle vizeli ya da vizesiz Orta Asya \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 edip oradan da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ula\u015fan Uygurlar, muhacir olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kal\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fleri \u00fczerindeki kontrollerinin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019dan da onlarca muhacir \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapar. Bu y\u0131llarda BMMYK bu muhacirlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ula\u015fmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir vazife g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Resm\u00ee bir istatistiki bilgi olmamakla birlikte bu y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Uygur muhacirlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en az 50.000 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik \u00e7e\u015fitli tahminler vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fmeyi se\u00e7erken \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Avrupa ve ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 eder.[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kazaklar i\u00e7in sevindirici bir geli\u015fme olur ve Uygurlarla birlikte gelenlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 anavatanlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

Siyasi Liderlik ve Propaganda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her ikisi de 1901 do\u011fumlu olan \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ve Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra \u00f6nce \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, daha sonra Afganistan\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde, sonras\u0131nda ise muhaceratta Hindistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131 i\u00e7in omuz omuza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hotenli Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra belagati kuvvetli bir m\u00fcderris ve din \u00e2limidir. 1933\u2019te Ka\u015fgar\u2019da kurulan ve \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde da\u011f\u0131lan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1945\u2019te de \u00c7inli ve Uygur unsurlar\u0131n bir arada bulundu\u011fu, Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Partisi\u2019ne (Guomindang<\/em>) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kurulan eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revine getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ise Ka\u015fgar, Yengisar do\u011fumlu olup hem T\u00fcrk (Uygur) hem \u00c7in okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi yapan Alptekin, terc\u00fcman olarak da memuriyette bulunmu\u015ftur. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Guomindang ve lideri \u00c7an Kay \u015eek (Chiang Kai Shek) nezdinde Uygur b\u00f6lgesine \u00f6zerklik verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli temaslarda bulunan \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, bu giri\u015fimleri \u00fczerine siyasi \u00e7evrelerde tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k kazan\u0131r. Alptekin, 1945\u2019te de yeni kurulan Uygur b\u00f6lgesi eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin genel sekreterli\u011fine getirilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin \u00c7in i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131ndan muzaffer \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla Bu\u011fra ve Alptekin\u2019in milliyet\u00e7i Guomindang kadrolar\u0131yla birlikte teslim olmalar\u0131 istenir. Bunun \u00fczerine onlar, teslim olmak yerine dava arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi se\u00e7erler. Bu\u011fra 1951\u2019de, Alptekin 1954\u2019te yukarda bahsi ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00fczere trajedilerle dolu uzun bir yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015firler ve buradaki Uygur toplumunun\u00a0de facto<\/em>\u00a0siyasi liderli\u011fini \u00fcstlenirler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk toplumu, toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sorumluluk duygusu gere\u011fi muhacirlere kucak a\u00e7sa da T\u00fcrkiye, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00fczeyinde Uygur siyasi liderlerin milliyet\u00e7i ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerine -Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu \u00f6ncesinde de ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere- mesafeli bir duru\u015f sergilemi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin gibi, Uygurlar nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f siyasi fig\u00fcrlerin, Uygur toplumunun d\u00fcnya devletleri taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama hedefiyle resm\u00ee makamlar ve sivil toplumla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara m\u00fcsaade etmi\u015f, Uygur muhacirlerin medya ve sivil toplum kanallar\u0131 vesilesiyle seslerini d\u00fcnyaya duyurabildikleri bir hareket alan\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Uygur toplumu i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli faaliyet merkezi oldu\u011fu bu y\u0131llarda, bu iki ismin devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, uluslararas\u0131 organizasyonlar, bas\u0131n ve akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131 nezdinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00e7abalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1960\u2019ta Yeni Delhi\u2019de ve 1965\u2019te Mogadi\u015fu\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen Afrika-Asya konferanslar\u0131na, 1961\u2019de \u0130slam \u00dclkeleri Ba\u011fdat Konferans\u0131\u2019na, 1963\u2019te Mekke\u2019de \u0130slam Konferans\u0131\u2019na, 1964\u2019te Kara\u00e7i\u2019de D\u00fcnya \u0130slam Kongresi gibi muhtelif uluslararas\u0131 toplant\u0131lara da kat\u0131lan \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, \u0130slam \u00fclkeleri liderlerine Uygur b\u00f6lgesi ile ilgili ortak hareket etme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. 1965\u2019te Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra Alptekin, 1995\u2019te 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar 30 y\u0131l boyunca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Uygur toplumunun yeg\u00e2ne lideri olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu\u011fra ve Alptekin\u2019in Uygur meselesine uluslararas\u0131 bir tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131rma hedefleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hem T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde hem de farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda olan Uygurlar\u0131n toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimliklerinin muhafaza edilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle 1933\u2019te Ka\u015fgar\u2019da ve 1944\u2019te Gulca\u2019da kurulan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan cumhuriyetlerinden ilham alan ideallerin canl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 ve Uygur k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dilinin tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu noktada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dernek ve vak\u0131f kurma; kitap, dergi, terc\u00fcme eserler yay\u0131nlama; konferanslar, salon programlar\u0131 vb. ilm\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkinlikleri tertip etme ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan idealini payla\u015fan sosyal a\u011flar kurma gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015flerdir.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur toplumu, d\u00fczenli himaye ve destekten mahrum olmakla birlikte hem Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan davas\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak hem de muhaceratta ya\u015fayan Uygurlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretebilmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok dernek ve vak\u0131f kurmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n ilki 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan G\u00f6\u00e7menler Cemiyeti\u2019dir. Daha sonra Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi (Kayseri, 1989-2007), Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Vakf\u0131[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0(\u0130stanbul, 1976-2007), Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi (1993-2006) olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kaynakla faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu dernek ve vak\u0131flar yay\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Bu ama\u00e7la\u00a0T\u00fcrkistan, G\u00f6kbayrak, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Haber B\u00fclteni, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Sesi, Yeni T\u00fcrkistan<\/em>\u00a0gibi s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n tarih\u00ee ve siyasi durumunu inceleyen muhtelif kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanarak T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talebinin canl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Maarif ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi (\u0130stanbul, k. 2006), Uygur Akademisi (\u0130stanbul, k. 2009), Satuk Bu\u011fra Han \u0130lim ve Medeniyet Vakf\u0131, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi h\u00e2len aktif olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Medya aya\u011f\u0131nda ise \u0130stanbul\u2019da 2009\u2019da kurulan ve internet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131n yapan\u00a0\u0130stiqlal TV<\/em>\u00a0ve ba\u011fl\u0131 kurulu\u015fu\u00a0Turkistan Press<\/em>\u00a0vard\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Uygur toplumunun bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n alan\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Uygur Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda resm\u00ee temaslar 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonomi, turizm, asker\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlarda i\u015f birli\u011fi arzusu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak dile getirilse de iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki siyasi ve ekonomik ili\u015fkiler 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar ivme kazanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990\u2019da Ka\u015fgar Bar\u0131n Ayaklanmas\u0131 akabinde T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131ndaki Uygur toplumunun propaganda faaliyetlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131; \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in Uygur toplumunun lideri olarak 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Demirel ve 1992\u2019de de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Turgut \u00d6zal taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilerek taltif edilmesi, 1995\u2019te Sultanahmet\u2019te \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin ad\u0131na cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, ba\u015fbakan ve meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen devlet t\u00f6reniyle bir park ve an\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi geli\u015fmeler ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Uygur toplumuna hamilik eden tutumu, \u00c7in nezdinde ciddi bir ho\u015fnutsuzluk yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye do\u011frudan hedef al\u0131nmamakla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur toplumu ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin Sinjang Uygur b\u00f6lgesinde ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 faaliyetlere destek verdikleri ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00c7inli liderlerin ve devlet medyas\u0131n\u0131n hedefi olmu\u015ftur. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan 1991-2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019den T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bakanlar d\u00fczeyinde diplomatik ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 da ili\u015fkilerin d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkate de\u011ferdir.[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri ile ili\u015fkilerinde ortak tarih\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar\u0131 bir avantaja \u00e7evirmek istemesi, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Uygur ve Tibet b\u00f6lgeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir domino etkisi yarataca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00c7in i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fka rahats\u0131zl\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7in alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun bir sonucu olarak Uygur meselesi ile ilgili T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tutumunda da g\u00f6rece bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenebilir. Zira T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131 kapal\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p kendi habitat\u0131nda ve tarihsel olarak ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyalara y\u00f6nelik diplomatik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6neme girilmi\u015ftir. Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131, 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve Asya \u00fclkelerinin d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde giderek artan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Asya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik yeni bir d\u0131\u015f politika geli\u015ftirme gereklili\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u00c7in\u2019in BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019ndeki daimi \u00fcyelik pozisyonu, ekonomisinde yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istikrarl\u0131 iki haneli b\u00fcy\u00fcme trendi ve d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fcme motoru olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in ile diplomatik ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerine ivme kazand\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki gayretlerini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u00c7in, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Uygur b\u00f6lgesinde artan huzursuzluklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00f6tesinde ya\u015fayan Uygurlar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 himaye eden \u0130slam \u00fclkelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle ifade etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye do\u011frudan hedef al\u0131nmamakla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur toplumu ve \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin, Sinjang Uygur b\u00f6lgesinde ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 faaliyetlere destek verdikleri ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00c7inli liderlerin ve devlet medyas\u0131n\u0131n hedefi olmaktad\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in\u2019in Uygur meselesini sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlar\u0131yla bir i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik konusu olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemin de sonuna i\u015faret etmektedir. \u00c7in i\u00e7in Uygur meselesi art\u0131k ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Tibet diasporas\u0131 ve\u00a0Falun Gong<\/em>\u00a0hareketinde oldu\u011fu gibi yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ve akt\u00f6rlerin m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygurlar\u0131n faaliyetleri \u00c7in istihbarat\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan takip edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f; Kazakistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan gibi Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri, \u00d6zbekistan, Afganistan, Pakistan gibi di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131r \u00fclkeleri ve hatta M\u0131s\u0131r, Suudi Arabistan, \u0130ran gibi Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Uygur m\u00fcltecilerle ilgili olarak s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00c7in\u2019in bask\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Yitzhak Shichor\u2019a g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar Pekin\u2019in bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve taleplerini savu\u015fturabilmi\u015f ama \u00c7in\u2019in \u201cUygur meselesi\u201d ile \u201cK\u00fcrt meselesi\u201dni ili\u015fkilendirmesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na tan\u0131madan ayn\u0131 tutumu Uygurlar nezdinde talep edemeyece\u011fine dair net mesajlar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019i ticari bir partner olarak g\u00f6rmek isteyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bir tercihte bulunmak zorunda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

“\u00c7in i\u00e7in Uygur meselesi art\u0131k ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Tibet diasporas\u0131 ve\u00a0Falun Gong<\/em>\u00a0hareketinde oldu\u011fu gibi yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ve akt\u00f6rlerin m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirme gayretlerinin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Uygur toplumu nezdinde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde hissedilir. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan dernek ve vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n eylemleri incelemeye tabi tutulmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunan 13 Uygur ayd\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunan 150 Uygur\u2019a da olumlu cevap verilmez. 1997\u2019de Uygur b\u00f6lgesinin kuzeyinde, Gulca\u2019da ya\u015fanan katliam\u0131 \u00c7in konsoloslu\u011fu \u00f6n\u00fcnde protesto etmek isteyen Uygurlar ve \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 polis taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Gulca Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan \u015eubat 1998\u2019de Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan G\u00f6\u00e7menler Derne\u011fi\u2019nin \u0130stanbul \u015ei\u015fli\u2019de d\u00fczenlemek istedi\u011fi miting valilik taraf\u0131ndan engellenir. Ayn\u0131 ay, TBMM\u2019de kabul edilen bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00c7in\u2019den gelen Uygurlara \u201cvatanda\u015fl\u0131k\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fc yerine, sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ikamet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan ama ordu mensubu ya da devlet memuru olmalar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen \u201ckal\u0131c\u0131 ikamet izni\u201d verilmesine karar verilir. May\u0131s 1998\u2019de \u00c7in\u2019i ziyaret eden d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit, Sinjang\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n durumu ile ilgili \u00c7inlilerin hassasiyetlerinin g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapar.\u00a0[11]<\/a>\u00a0Aral\u0131k 1998\u2019de Mesut Y\u0131lmaz ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bakanl\u0131klara ve b\u00fcrokratlara Sinjang\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve diaspora kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi faaliyetlerinin \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkileri sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu sebeple bakanlar d\u00e2hil devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Uygur derneklerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi herhangi bir toplant\u0131 veya organizasyona kat\u0131lmamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir genelge yay\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda 20\u2019ye yak\u0131n Uygur \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 propaganda ama\u00e7l\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve bunlardan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn Uygur b\u00f6lgesine ka\u00e7ak yollarla silah ve asker\u00ee m\u00fchimmat sevkiyat\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan \u00c7in de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan s\u00fcreci yak\u0131ndan takip etmektedir.[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda \u00c7in asker\u00ee istihbarat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan izlenmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u00c7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de rutin siyasi ve asker\u00ee istihbarat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek Uygur diaspora \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine s\u0131zma giri\u015fimlerinde bulunur. Bu durum h\u00e2l\u00e2 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Uygur toplumu i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan birini te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira \u201ck\u00f6stebek\u201d oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve \u00c7in istihbarat\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan unsurlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem Uygur toplumunu derin bir korkuya sevk etmekte hem de Uygur \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e2deta felce u\u011fratmaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur toplumunun propaganda faaliyetlerinin kaderini etkilemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye art\u0131k Uygurlar i\u00e7in siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ideallerini rahat\u00e7a dile getirebilecekleri operasyonel bir \u00fcs olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple de Uygur diasporas\u0131 faaliyetlerini ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve ABD\u2019ye kayd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2002\u2019den bu yana devam eden AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye, bir yandan soyda\u015flar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Uygur toplumunu insaniyetperverlik ilkesi gere\u011fi himaye etmek bir yandan da siyasi ve ekonomik olarak yads\u0131namaz bir k\u00fcresel g\u00fcce ula\u015fan \u00c7in\u2019le ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmek aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a hassas bir denge g\u00f6zetmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 dengeleme arzusu, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (AB) tam \u00fcyelik hedeflerinin sekteye u\u011framas\u0131, ABD ile Suriye ve FET\u00d6 gibi hususlarda ya\u015fanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fclkeye yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ekme ve teknoloji transferi yapma hedefleri gibi unsurlar, hem \u00c7in\u2019e olan bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hem de Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan meselesindeki tavr\u0131n\u0131 etkilemektedir.[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00dcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re her ne kadar ticaret hacmindeki dengesizlik ve Uygur sorunu gibi konular ili\u015fkileri d\u00f6nemsel olarak etkilese de AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti y\u00f6netimindeki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uzun vadeli ve bask\u0131n olan e\u011filim, \u00c7in\u2019i bir rakip ya da d\u00fc\u015fman olarak de\u011fil bir ortak olarak g\u00f6rme \u015feklindedir. Bu e\u011filim Urum\u00e7i olaylar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Urum\u00e7i\u2019de ba\u015flay\u0131p di\u011fer Uygur \u015fehirlerine de yay\u0131lan ve Han \u00c7inliler ile Uygurlar aras\u0131nda kanl\u0131 bir hesapla\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen olaylar, T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda da infial uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan \u00c7in polisinin Uygurlara kar\u015f\u0131 tavr\u0131n\u0131 \u201cvah\u015fet\u201d ve ya\u015fananlar\u0131 \u201c\u00e2deta soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d olarak nitelendirmi\u015fti. Ancak bu olaydan sadece bir y\u0131l sonra, 2010\u2019da, \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerin \u00e7ok boyutlu olarak geli\u015ftirilmesini hedefleyen \u201cstratejik i\u015f birli\u011fi\u201d anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanmas\u0131, Uygur sorununun ikili ili\u015fkilerin gidi\u015fat\u0131nda belirleyici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in hem Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki hem de k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki y\u00fckseli\u015finin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonucu olan bu pragmatik yakla\u015f\u0131m[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gerek Uygur toplumu nezdinde gerekse milliyet\u00e7i kesimler ve insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130slami sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 nezdinde k\u0131yas\u0131ya ele\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu tepkinin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un en turistik semtlerinden biri olan Sultanahmet\u2019te Koreli bir turistin \u00c7inli zannedilerek darp edilmesi, Tophane\u2019de sahibi T\u00fcrk, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Uygur olan bir \u00c7in restoran\u0131na ta\u015fl\u0131 sopal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi marjinal tezah\u00fcrleri de olmu\u015ftur.[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ancak \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00dcng\u00f6r\u2019\u00fcn ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, Uygur b\u00f6lgesindeki geli\u015fmelerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurumsal (medya, akademi, sivil toplum) vb. mekanizmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla takip edilmeyip g\u00fcndeme aniden, \u00e7o\u011funlukla sosyal medya platformlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla girmesi, meselenin hakk\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilmesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir engel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.[17]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Koreli turistin darp edilmesi olay\u0131 akabinde Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Devlet Bah\u00e7eli\u2019nin \u201cKoreli ile \u00c7inliyi nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edeceksin? \u0130kisi de \u00e7ekik g\u00f6z.\u201d \u015feklindeki s\u00f6zlerinin de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, \u00c7in ve Uygur toplumu aras\u0131nda mevcut olan sorun hakk\u0131nda nesillerdir Uygur m\u00fcltecilere ev sahipli\u011fi yapan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 ciddi bir literat\u00fcr bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada, Uygur meselesinin uzun y\u0131llar insan haklar\u0131 cephesi bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131larak milliyet\u00e7i idealler ve s\u00f6ylemlerle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen bir mevzuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6n yarg\u0131lar, basmakal\u0131p ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 kategoriler\u201d \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirilen \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Sinofobi)[18]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir boyuta indirgendi\u011fi, bu tutumun bir sonucu olarak da tutarl\u0131 ve entelekt\u00fcel bir bilgi \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrecinin i\u015fleyemedi\u011fi tespitini yapmak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Uygur sivil toplum \u00f6nderlerinin de bu noktada kabul etmesi gereken birtak\u0131m ger\u00e7ekler vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur diasporas\u0131n\u0131n hamasetten uzak, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7eren, istatistiki ve tutarl\u0131 bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Oysaki genel siyasi havayla ili\u015fkili olarak zaman zaman \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa da kayan \u201cPant\u00fcrkist\u201d idealler ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyarl\u0131k \u00c7in toplumunu de\u011ferleri, tercihleri, siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ile b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle monolitik bir yap\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirerek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alan arg\u00fcmanlara sar\u0131lan Uygur ileri gelenlerinin bu tutumlar\u0131, kendi davalar\u0131na fayda sa\u011flamak bir yana zarar vermektedir. Bu durumun nedenleri incelendi\u011finde elbette travmatik tecr\u00fcbeler, e\u011fitimli ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, maddi yetersizlikler ve manevra alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltan siyasi konjonkt\u00fcr gibi de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerinde geldi\u011fi nokta dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Uygur kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve Uygur meselesini bir hak savunuculu\u011fu olarak benimsemi\u015f muhafazak\u00e2r ve milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7evrelerin de yeni akt\u00f6rler, yeni liderler, yeni y\u00f6ntemler ve yeni stratejiler belirlemeleri gerekti\u011fi muhakkakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur Toplumunun Sorunlar\u0131 ve Talepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talep eden ilk Uygur kafilesinin Ankara\u2019ya var\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 66 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bug\u00fcn yine Uygur b\u00f6lgesindeki din\u00ee inan\u00e7lara ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fama y\u00f6nelik muazzam bask\u0131lar sebebiyle g\u00f6\u00e7 etme karar\u0131 alan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmeye muvaffak olmu\u015f, aralar\u0131nda kanaat \u00f6nderleri, \u201caksakallar\u201d (din adamlar\u0131), kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oldu\u011fu y\u00fczlerce[19]<\/a>\u00a0<\/sup>Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fartlarda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na al\u0131nma taleplerine olumlu cevap verilece\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc bekliyor. Bu beklentiyle birlikte ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden umudunu kesmi\u015f ve pasaportunun\/vizesinin s\u00fcresinin bitmesi h\u00e2linde s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi kayg\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve \u00e7areyi Avrupa \u00fclkelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talep etmekte bulan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Uygur da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

BM Irk\u00e7\u0131 Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nleme Komitesi\u2019nin A\u011fustos 2018\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Uygur b\u00f6lgesinde az\u0131nl\u0131k durumunda bulunan Uygur, Kazak ve di\u011fer unsurlara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar 2016\u2019da b\u00f6lge parti sekreterli\u011fine atanan Chen Quanguo\u2019dan sonra ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Chen, BM Irk\u00e7\u0131 Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nleme Komitesi\u2019nin raporuna g\u00f6re 1 milyon civar\u0131nda Uygur\u2019un tutuldu\u011fu tahmin edilen yeniden e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131n\u0131n mimar\u0131 olarak biliniyor. Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Uygurlara g\u00f6re \u201cher aileden en az bir ki\u015fi bu kamplarda tutuluyor.\u201d Herhangi bir su\u00e7lama ya da gerek\u00e7e olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kamplarda al\u0131konulanlar siyasi doktrinasyon i\u00e7erikli derslere tabi tutuluyor ve hapishane \u015fartlar\u0131nda ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca bu merkezlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131nda darp, a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131lma, h\u00fccre cezas\u0131, i\u015fkence, cinsel taciz, tecav\u00fcz gibi insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler de uygulan\u0131yor. Kamplarda esir tutulan Uygurlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta bulunan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, geride akrabalar\u0131 bulunsa dahi, bu ama\u00e7la a\u00e7\u0131lan yetimhanelere -yine belirsiz s\u00fcrelerle al\u0131konulmak \u00fczere- yerle\u015ftiriliyor. B\u00f6lgede yediden yetmi\u015fe topyek\u00fbn bir cezaland\u0131rmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen g\u00fcvenlik eksenli politikalar\u0131n bir neticesi olarak da Uygur ve Kazaklar\u0131n yasal ya da yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve devlet g\u00fcvenli\u011fine tehdit olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc -siyasi olarak aktif olsun olmas\u0131n- vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan baz\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdaki Uygur topluluklar\u0131 nezdinde bir korku atmosferi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da net olarak m\u00fc\u015fahede edilebiliyor. Bu noktada, \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin aktif olarak siyasi eylem ve propaganda faaliyetleri i\u00e7erisinde olan s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi muhalif hareketleri engelleme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n sadece aktivistlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki t\u00fcm Uygur toplumunu derinden etkiledi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu ba\u011flamda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki farkl\u0131 ya\u015f ve \u00f6\u011frenci\/meslek gruplar\u0131ndan Uygur\u2019la yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden, memleketlerindeki yak\u0131n aile bireyleri ve akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n can ve mal g\u00fcvenlikleri ile tehdit edilmelerinin neredeyse cezai bir team\u00fcle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u00c7in makamlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fi Uygurlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7erek memleketlerine geri d\u00f6nmeleri gerekti\u011fini bildiriyor. Bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filer en yak\u0131n aile \u00fcyelerinden ba\u015flanarak akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n pasaportlar\u0131na el konulaca\u011f\u0131, mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ellerinden al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, i\u015f yerlerinin kapat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 ile ili\u015fiklerinin kesilece\u011fi, hapis cezas\u0131 verilece\u011fi ve yeniden e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131nda belirsiz s\u00fcrelerle al\u0131konulacaklar\u0131 gibi tehditlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son iki y\u0131lda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u00fcm Uygurlar, \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla burada bulunanlar, istisnas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde can g\u00fcvenliklerinden emin olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in memleketlerine geri d\u00f6nmeyi g\u00f6ze alamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Bununla birlikte anne, baba ya da karde\u015flerinin can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00fczerinden tehdit edilen bu gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6nmemek de psikolojik olarak ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 ve bilinmezliklerle dolu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Zira ekserisi hem din\u00ee e\u011fitim hem de \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f Uygur gen\u00e7lerin ortak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, A\u011fustos 2016\u2019dan bu yana aileleri ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ile hi\u00e7bir kanaldan ileti\u015fim kuram\u0131yor olmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygur Toplumunun Talepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Uygur muhacirlerin do\u011fum belgesi, aile c\u00fczdan\u0131 ve ebeveynlerden muvafakat belgesi gibi \u015fartlardan muaf tutularak ikamet i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcracaat s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

2. G\u00f6\u00e7men merkezlerinde tutulan herhangi bir su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f muhacirlerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n topluma \u00e7abuk ve kolay uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3. M\u00fcltecilerin denetimli serbestlik gibi g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerine tabi tutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzun d\u00f6nemli ikamet m\u00fcracaat\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmesi.<\/p>\n

4. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uhdesinde Uygur toplumu ile ilgili tam yetkili bir dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ofisinin kurulmas\u0131 ya da dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n ihdas edilmesi; bu ofisin\/makam\u0131n Uygur b\u00f6lgesindeki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmeleri takip etme, raporlama, analiz etme ve somut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devletin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ilgili karar al\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 ile payla\u015facak fikir ve s\u00f6ylem birli\u011fi geli\u015ftirilmesi noktas\u0131nda ba\u015fat rol oynamas\u0131.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sunulan Mart 2018 tarihli dilek\u00e7eden<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in kendi topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da Uygur toplumu ve sivil toplum te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hidayet O\u011fuzhan, Uygur toplumunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den en temel taleplerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda burada bulunan ve memleketlerine geri d\u00f6nmelerinin can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan Uygur muhacirlerin do\u011fum belgesi, aile c\u00fczdan\u0131 ve ebeveynlerden muvafakat belgesi gibi \u015fartlardan muaf tutularak ikamet i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrecin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor. Buna ek olarak g\u00f6\u00e7men merkezlerinde tutulan herhangi bir su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f (ve g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f) muhacirlerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, bu ki\u015filerin topluma \u00e7abuk ve kolay entegre olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine d\u00e2hil edilmesi, denetimli serbestlik gibi g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerine tabi tutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzun d\u00f6nemli ikamet m\u00fcracaat\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmesi de talepler aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de istihdam, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, bar\u0131nma gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7 alanlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan Uygur muhacirlerin bu sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zecek bir b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lanman\u0131n gereklili\u011fine de vurgu yapan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nerisi, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uhdesinde Uygur toplumu ile ilgili tam yetkili bir dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ofisinin kurulmas\u0131 ya da dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n atanmas\u0131. Bunun Uygur b\u00f6lgesindeki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmeleri takip etme, raporlama, analiz etme ve somut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devletin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ilgili karar al\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 ile payla\u015farak fikir ve s\u00f6ylem birli\u011fi geli\u015ftirilmesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de dile getirilen hususlar aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu\u011fra, Mehmet Emin.\u00a0Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi, Co\u011frafi ve \u015eimdiki Durumu<\/em>. \u0130stanbul: G\u00fcven Bas\u0131mevi, 1952.<\/p>\n

\u00c7olako\u011flu, Sel\u00e7uk. \u201cTurkey-China Relations: Rising Partnership\u201d,\u00a0Ortado\u011fu Analiz<\/em>, Nisan 2013, C. 5, S. 52, s. 32-45,\u00a0http:\/\/0-web.a.ebscohost.com.seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr\/ehost\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=748510e1-8441-45f7-ac59-c28f2752b7c1%40sessionmgr4009<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in Politikas\u0131 ve Uygurlar (1991-2001)\u201d, T\u00fcrk Sosyal Bilimler Derne\u011fi, 7. Ulusal Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi<\/em>, ODT\u00dc, Ankara, 23 Kas\u0131m 2001.<\/p>\n

Emet, Erkin.\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Uygur Dram\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7<\/em>, Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<\/p>\n

Kul, \u00d6mer. (Yay. Haz.).\u00a0Esir Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in-2: \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in M\u00fccadele Hat\u0131ralar\u0131<\/em>, Berikan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007.<\/p>\n

Shichor, Yitzhak.\u00a0Ethno-diplomacy: The Uyghur Hitch in Sino-Turkish Relations<\/em>, East West Center, 2009.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131, M. Ali (Der.).\u00a0Esir Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in: \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in M\u00fccadele Hat\u0131ralar\u0131<\/em>, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Ne\u015friyat Merkezi, \u0130stanbul, 1985.<\/p>\n

Tuna, Amine.\u00a0Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Asimilasyon ve Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>, \u0130HH \u0130nsani Yard\u0131m Vakf\u0131, \u0130stanbul: 2012,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ihh.org.tr\/public\/publish\/0\/30\/dogu-turkistanda-asimilasyon-ve-ayrimcilik.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dcng\u00f6r, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f. \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkileri: Sorun ve \u0130mkan Alanlar\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye Sosyal Ekonomik ve Siyasal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131, 2017,\u00a0https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35288266\/T\u00fcrk-\u00c7in_\u0130li\u015fkileri_Sorun_ve_\u0130mkan_Alanlar\u0131<\/u><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7in Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Dinamikleri \u00dczerine Baz\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye 2. \u00c7in \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Konferans\u0131, 27 Nisan 2017, Ankara, https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/34268036\/T\u00fcrkiyede_\u00c7in_Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n_Dinamikleri_\u00dczerine_Baz\u0131_D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler_A_Few_Thoughts_on_the_Dynamics_of_Anti-China_Sentiment_in_Turkey_<\/p>\n

Zan, Tao. \u201cAn Alternative Partner to the West? Turkey\u2019s Growing Relations with China\u201d,\u00a0Middle East Institute<\/em>, October 2013, http:\/\/www.mei.edu\/content\/alternative-partner-west-turkey%E2%80%99s-growing-relations-china<\/p>\n

Habert\u00fcrk<\/em>. \u201cDevlet Bah\u00e7eli: Koreli ile \u00c7inliyi nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edeceksin\u201d, 08.07.2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/gundem\/haber\/1100409-devlet-bahceli-koreli-ile-cinliyi-nasil-ayirt-edeceksin#<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00fcrriyet<\/em>. \u201cTophane\u2019de \u00c7in lokantas\u0131na ta\u015fl\u0131 sopal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131\u201d, 01.07.2015,\u00a0http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/tophanede-cin-lokantasina-tasli-sopali-saldiri-29433234<\/a><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>\u00a0Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra,\u00a0Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Tarihi, Co\u011frafi ve \u015eimdiki Durumu<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: G\u00fcven Bas\u0131mevi, 1952, s. 68-70.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[2]<\/a>\u00a0Esir Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130\u00e7in-2: \u0130sa Yusuf Alptekin\u2019in M\u00fccadele Hat\u0131ralar\u0131<\/em>, Yay. Haz. \u00d6mer Kul, May\u0131s 2007, Berikan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 19.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[3]<\/a>\u00a0Erkin Emet,\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Uygur Dram\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7<\/em>, Ankara: Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018, s. 24.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[4]<\/a>\u00a0Yitzhak Shichor,\u00a0Etno-diplomacy: The Uyghur Hitch in Sino-Turkish Relations<\/em>, East West Center, 2009, s. 17.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[5]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 16.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[6]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 17.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[7]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980\u2019de ya\u015fanan darbeden sonra ba\u015fs\u0131z kalan ve at\u0131l duruma d\u00fc\u015fen vakf\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mehmet R\u0131za Bekin gelmi\u015ftir. Mehmet Emin Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n ye\u011feni olan 1925 Hoten do\u011fumlu Bekin, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda geldi\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Harp Okulu\u2019nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, top\u00e7u subay\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Kore Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda 1. T\u00fcrk Tugay\u0131\u2019nda \u00fcste\u011fmen olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asker\u00ee ata\u015felik de yapm\u0131\u015f olan Bekin, 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda emeklili\u011fe ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bulunan Uygur \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini bir araya getirecek toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenlenmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Bekin\u2019in nitelikli Uygur gen\u00e7lerinin yeti\u015fmesine y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim faaliyetleri de kayda de\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[8]<\/a>\u00a0Sel\u00e7uk \u00c7olako\u011flu, \u201cTurkey-China Relations: Rising Partnership\u201d,\u00a0Ortado\u011fu Analiz<\/em>, Nisan 2013, C. 5, S. 52, s. 5, http:\/\/0-web.a.ebscohost.com.seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr\/ehost\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=748510e1-8441-45f7-ac59-c28f2752b7c1%40sessionmgr4009<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[9]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 23-24.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[10]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 32.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[11]<\/a>\u00a0Sel\u00e7uk \u00c7olako\u011flu, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in Politikas\u0131 ve Uygurlar (1991-2001)\u201d,\u00a0T\u00fcrk Sosyal Bilimler Derne\u011fi, 7. Ulusal Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi<\/em>, ODT\u00dc, Ankara, 23 Kas\u0131m 2001; Shichor, s. 33-36.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[12]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 36.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[13]<\/a>\u00a0Shichor, s. 33.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00dcng\u00f6r, \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkileri: Sorun ve \u0130mk\u00e2n Alanlar\u0131\u201d, 4. T\u00dcSES T\u00fcrkiye Sosyal Ekonomik ve Siyasal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131, 2017, s. 1,\u00a0https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35288266\/T\u00fcrk-\u00c7in_\u0130li\u015fkileri_Sorun_ve_\u0130mkan_Alanlar\u0131<\/u><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u00dcng\u00f6r, \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkileri…\u201d, s. 4.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cDevlet Bah\u00e7eli: Koreli ile \u00c7inliyi nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edeceksin\u201d,\u00a0Habert\u00fcrk<\/em>, 08.07.2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/gundem\/haber\/1100409-devlet-bahceli-koreli-ile-cinliyi-nasil-ayirt-edeceksin#<\/a>; \u201cTophane\u2019de \u00c7in lokantas\u0131na ta\u015fl\u0131 sopal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131\u201d, 01.07.2015,\u00a0H\u00fcrriyet<\/em>, http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/tophanede-cin-lokantasina-tasli-sopali-saldiri-29433234<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u00dcng\u00f6r, \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkileri…\u201d, s. 3.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00dcng\u00f6r, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7in Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Dinamikleri \u00dczerine Baz\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye 2. \u00c7in \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Konferans\u0131, 27 Nisan 2017, Ankara, s. 2, https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/34268036\/T\u00fcrkiyede_\u00c7in_Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n_Dinamikleri_\u00dczerine_Baz\u0131_D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler_A_Few_Thoughts_on_the_Dynamics_of_Anti-China_Sentiment_in_Turkey_<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[19]<\/a>\u00a0Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hidayet O\u011fuzhan bu say\u0131n\u0131n en az 10.000 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amine Tuna Ert\u00fcrk \u201cBen, 17 Eyl\u00fcl (1949) ve \u0130sa (Yusuf) Alptekin 20 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Urum\u00e7i\u2019yi terk edip 100\u2019e yak\u0131n meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131zla beraber Ka\u015fgar\u2019a geldik ve Hint topraklar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya karar verdik. Kom\u00fcnistler mahalli h\u00fck\u00fcmet makamlar\u0131na bizi yakalamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in emirler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, tehlike bizi \u00e7evirmi\u015fti\u2026 Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Kargal\u0131k\u2019tan yola \u00e7\u0131karak 1.000\u2019e yak\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menle birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. 31 Ekim\u2019de hudut […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkiye-ve-cin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3808,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806\/revisions\/3808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}