{"id":2737,"date":"2019-02-18T10:33:05","date_gmt":"2019-02-18T07:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=2737"},"modified":"2019-02-18T10:33:05","modified_gmt":"2019-02-18T07:33:05","slug":"tarihten-bugune-uygurlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=2737","title":{"rendered":"Tarihten Bug\u00fcne Uygurlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Prof. Dr. Ahmet B. ERC\u0130LASUN<\/strong> (bercilasun@hotmail.com)<\/p>\n

Uygurlar, en eski T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan biridir. Varl\u0131klar\u0131, milattan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llara dek uzan\u0131r. Uygurlar, Mo\u011folistan ortalar\u0131ndan Karadeniz’in kuzeyindeki bozk\u0131rlara dek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan ve \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Gao-\u00e7\u0131<\/i><\/b> (y\u00fcksek tekerlekli arabal\u0131lar) olarak kaydedilen T\u00fcrk boylar toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7indeydi; \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Y\u00fcan-ho \/ Yuan-hu<\/i><\/b> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gao-\u00e7\u0131’lar 536 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Tie-le<\/i><\/b> olarak ge\u00e7er. Tie-le’ler i\u00e7inde bulunan Uygurlar da Wey-ho<\/i><\/b> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tie-le’lerin beng\u00fc ta\u015flardaki ad\u0131 T\u00f6lis<\/i><\/b>‘tir.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 (K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrk ka\u011fan\u0131 \u00c7u-lo 605 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00f6lislere sald\u0131r\u0131r ve ba\u015fbu\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu olay, T\u00f6lislerin bir\u00e7ok boyunu, Uygurlar etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ftirir. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131, Selenge boylar\u0131ndaki bu Uygurlara Hui-ho<\/i><\/b> ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. Hui-ho,<\/i><\/b> beng\u00fc ta\u015flardaki Uygur<\/i><\/b> kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminin son y\u0131llar\u0131nda, 610’lu 620’li y\u0131llarda Selenge boylar\u0131ndaki Uygurlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 100.000 ki\u015fiydi; 50.000 se\u00e7kin askerleri vard\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Tekien Erkin<\/i><\/b> idi. Sonra ba\u015flar\u0131na Pu-sa<\/i><\/b> ge\u00e7ti. 627 y\u0131l\u0131nda (K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan ayaklanmada Pu-sa, 5.000 atl\u0131s\u0131 ile 100.000 (K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrk atl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

(K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrklerin tutsakl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde Gobi’nin kuzeyindeki bozk\u0131rlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimi \u00f6nce Sie-yen-to’lar, sonra Uygurlar idi. Uygurlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti 646’dan 680’lerin ortalar\u0131na dek s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 680’lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Uygurlar, tekrar T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na tabi olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

742 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uygurlar, Basm\u0131l ve Karluk boylar\u0131yla birle\u015ferek (K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrklere ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00c7in’in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu isyan sonunda 745 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda (K\u00f6k) T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve yerine Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/i><\/b> kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Bayan \u00c7or<\/i><\/b> (Moyun \u00c7or), T\u00fcrk tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan biridir. Ad\u0131na dikilmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 an\u0131t vard\u0131r. Tes an\u0131t\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00f6k ve yer yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Uygur(lar), “ka\u011fan oturmu\u015flar” (ka\u011fanl\u0131k etmi\u015fler) ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l h\u00e2kim olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sat\u0131rlar, T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan yani 552’den \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemi anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Uygurlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’a g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcler. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Kansu b\u00f6lgesinde Hunlardan beri ya\u015fayan \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 vard\u0131. Uygurlar onlar\u0131 da i\u00e7lerine alarak Turfan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/i><\/b> ile Kansu Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’<\/i><\/b>n\u0131 kurdular. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’daki Uygur hanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczlerce eser, binlerce belge ve pek \u00e7ok sanat eseri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 840’ta K\u00e2\u015fgar ve Balasagun’da Karahanl\u0131 <\/i><\/b>hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kuran Ya\u011fmalar<\/i><\/b> da b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle bir Uygur boyu idi.<\/p>\n

1070’lerde K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud<\/i><\/b>, \u0130li \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesindekileri Uygur olarak g\u00f6sterir. Budist olan Uygurlarla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karahanl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda 10.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00e7etin sava\u015flar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Turfan (Ho\u00e7o) Uygur Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/i><\/b> 1209 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00c7engizlilere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Kansu Uygurlar\u0131<\/i><\/b> da 1226’da \u00c7engizlilere ba\u011fland\u0131lar. Uygurlar, T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun b\u00fcrokrasisini olu\u015fturdular. Bunun sonunda Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131,<\/i><\/b> Mo\u011follar\u0131n mill\u00ee yaz\u0131s\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7engiz’den sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkistan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Uygurlar da \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/i><\/b> i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131. 1350’lerde Do\u011fu \u00c7a\u011fatay h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tu\u011fluk Tem\u00fcr<\/i><\/b> M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f, onun y\u00f6netimindeki Uygurlar da \u0130slam dinine girmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Uygur olarak an\u0131lan T\u00fcrkler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla eski Uygurlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olmakla birlikte K\u00e2\u015fgar b\u00f6lgesindeki Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n da torunlar\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yazar\u0131 K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud<\/i><\/b> Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin siyaset bilgisi kitab\u0131 Kutadgu<\/i><\/b> Bilig<\/i><\/b>‘i de Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib<\/i><\/b> 1070 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00e2\u015fgar’da yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Satuk Bu\u011fra<\/i><\/b> Han<\/i><\/b>‘\u0131n ba\u015fkenti de K\u00e2\u015fgar idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu Uygurlar\u0131n milyonlarcas\u0131 \u015fimdi “e\u011fitim kamp\u0131” denilen a\u00e7\u0131k hava hapishanesindedirler. Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 hapsedilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7inlilerin devlet sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 unvan\u0131 verdikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck musiki\u015finas Abdurehim Heyit <\/i><\/b>hapishanededir; \u00c7inlilerce yay\u0131mlanan video, onun \u00e2deta bir robot h\u00e2line getirildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olan \u00c7in \u015fu anda Uygur T\u00fcrklerini ezmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye’yi y\u00f6netenlerin de T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. Biz T\u00fcrk’\u00fcz ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’dakiler bizim karde\u015flerimizdir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Kaynak Yeni\u00e7a\u011f: Tarihten bug\u00fcne Uygurlar – Ahmet B. ERC\u0130LASUN<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Ahmet B. ERC\u0130LASUN (bercilasun@hotmail.com) Uygurlar, en eski T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan biridir. Varl\u0131klar\u0131, milattan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llara dek uzan\u0131r. Uygurlar, Mo\u011folistan ortalar\u0131ndan Karadeniz’in kuzeyindeki bozk\u0131rlara dek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan ve \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Gao-\u00e7\u0131 (y\u00fcksek tekerlekli arabal\u0131lar) olarak kaydedilen T\u00fcrk boylar toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7indeydi; \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Y\u00fcan-ho \/ Yuan-hu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Gao-\u00e7\u0131’lar 536 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Tie-le olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2739,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737\/revisions\/2739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}