{"id":1798,"date":"2018-09-03T15:41:47","date_gmt":"2018-09-03T12:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1798"},"modified":"2018-09-03T15:41:47","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T12:41:47","slug":"bati-bolge-teorisi-cinin-buyuk-turkistan-politikasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1798","title":{"rendered":"Bat\u0131 B\u00f6lge Teorisi (\u00c7in\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan Politikas\u0131)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/header>\n
\"Liu<\/div>\n
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Yazan: Liu Yazhou.<\/p>\n

Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn notu:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fbu yaz\u0131daki Bat\u0131 kavram\u0131 Merkezi \u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 kastetmektedir.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fbu makalenin Yazar\u0131 Liu Yazhou,\u00a0<\/i>\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ordusunda Tu\u011fgeneral olup, \u00c7in Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti eski Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Li Xian Nian\u2019n\u0131n damad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yaz\u0131 daha sonra kendisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in i\u00e7in stratejik \u00f6nemini tarihi ve g\u00fcncel \u015fartlara g\u00f6re yorumlayarak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00c7in Devleti\u2019nin B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan politikas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna y\u00f6n vermektedir.<\/i><\/p>\n

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Yaz\u0131 \u015fu c\u00fcmleler ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131 harika bir yerdir. Bat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan Orta Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131)\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmek bizim i\u00e7in sadece stratejik se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcmidimiz, hatta bizim bu neslin kaderidir. M\u00fckemmel konumu (d\u00fcnya merkezine yak\u0131n) bize g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir motivasyon sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi olmaktan ziyade ilerlemek i\u00e7in hedefteki b\u00f6lge olarak g\u00f6rmeliyiz.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

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Yaz\u0131da yer alan \u015fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/i>Atalar\u0131m\u0131za \u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun ki, b\u00f6yle \u00f6zel bir toprak kazan\u0131p bizlere b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. \u00c7in haritas\u0131na dikkatle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, g\u00f6zlerim uzun sure hep \u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131na (T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a) dikilip kal\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 insanlar \u00c7in haritas\u0131n\u0131 bir horoza benzetiyorlar ama bana g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok bir kartala benziyor. Kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 yayarken, do\u011fuda Pasifik Okyanusu, bat\u0131da Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya kadar kuca\u011f\u0131na al\u0131yor. U\u00e7arken de b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 gagas\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131yor. E\u011fer Do\u011fu onun ba\u015f\u0131 ise, Bat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) u\u00e7u\u015f dengesini sa\u011flayan g\u00f6vdesidir. Denge noktas\u0131 olmadan o u\u00e7amaz. Bu g\u00f6vde merkezinin konumu son derce m\u00fckemmeldir: Geni\u015f araz\u0131 ve geni\u015f yaylalar, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselen Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131, Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Altun Da\u011flar\u0131. Yerde uzanan Tar\u0131m ve Cungar havzalar\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu bizim bildi\u011fimiz \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 da\u011f aras\u0131nda iki havza\u201d. Buras\u0131 denizlere uzak, Asya\u2019n\u0131n kalbine do\u011fru sokulan demir m\u0131zrak gibi. M\u00fckemmel ortama sahip bu \u00f6zel co\u011frafi birim zaten Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Petro\u2019nun ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kontrol etmek istedi\u011fi \u201cOrta Asya Koridoru\u201dnun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015fte buras\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131daki \u015fu c\u00fcmleler hem \u00c7in\u2019in ger\u00e7ek niyetini anlat\u0131rken biraz da irkilmemize vesile olur mu acaba:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cGenellikle, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve Sincan\u00a0<\/b>(Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u00a0<\/b>Orta Asya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. O\u00a0<\/b>(<\/b>Orta Asya<\/b>)\u00a0<\/b>Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7inlilere l\u00fctfetti\u011fi en zengin bir par\u00e7a pastad\u0131r.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u00c7in\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131ran bu yaz\u0131 \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanan rapor niteli\u011finde olup ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in Savunma \u00dcniversitesinde ders olarak okutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fbu yaz\u0131y\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetlerindeki ilgili makam ve ki\u015filere, \u00c7in hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan akademisyenler, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve T\u00fcrk Milletinin<\/i>\u00a0ortak<\/i>\u00a0gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen her kese tavsiye ederiz. Zira i\u015fbu yaz\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya politikas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemli bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

Makalenin \u00c7ince asl\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayan\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc:<\/b><\/p>\n

Tu\u011fgeneral Liu Yazhou\u2019nun \u201cBATI B\u00d6LGE TEOR\u0130S\u0130\u201d adl\u0131 makalesi<\/b><\/p>\n

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Liu Yazhou<\/strong>: ( Tu\u011f General, \u00c7in Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti eski Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Li Xian Nian n\u0131n damad\u0131)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u6742\u5fd7\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u00a02010\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u4e94\u65e5\u00a0\u00a0\u539f\u6587\u9996\u520a\u4e8e\u51e4\u51f0\u5468\u520a)<\/p>\n

Kaynak: \u201c Y\u00f6netici\u201d dergisi web sitesi 05.Agotos 2010.<\/p>\n

orijinal yay\u0131n: \u201cFeng Huang Haftal\u0131k Dergisi\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7ince Kaynak: http:\/\/cn.rfi.fr\/\u9996\u9875\/20100809<\/a><\/p>\n

4 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde, ABD ordusunun, dokuz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir devam eden Afganistan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan art\u0131k sabr\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00a0Afganistan\u2019daki ABD Y\u00fcksek Komutan\u0131 McChrystal, Obama taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Petraeus g\u00f6reve getirildi. Ard\u0131ndan garnizon say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Analize g\u00f6re ABD ordusunun amac\u0131 Taliban\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 taarruzu art\u0131rarak Taliban\u2019\u0131n m\u00fczakere masas\u0131na oturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD, Afganistan\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k bir trilyon de\u011ferinde mineral bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, bir taraftan Afgan rejimine reas\u00fcrans etkisi verirken, \u00f6te yandan da kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri Afganistan sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde ABD\u2019yi desteklemeye ve b\u00f6ylece erken geri \u00e7ekilmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya da zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

ABD, ikinci \u201cVietnam Batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in mi Afganistan sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmeden geri \u00e7ekiliyor? Bu geli\u015fme Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n durumunda ciddi bir belirsizlik yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bu sene May\u0131s ay\u0131ndan beri K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da s\u00fcrekli karga\u015fal\u0131klar\u0131n meydana gelmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00f6nceki iki Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yetkileri nedeniyle yolsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemini bir parlamenter sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in referandum yapmakta. Parlamenter sistemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla yetkiye sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve akraba yolsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilmesine ra\u011fmen, parlamento sistemi devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve hatta radikal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iktidara gelmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. \u00a0\u00d6zellikle dikkat \u00e7eken ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019daki etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar patlak verdi\u011finde Rusya iki kez K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019\u0131n askeri m\u00fcdahale talebini reddetti.<\/p>\n

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Orta Asya\u2019da, bir bak\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin geri \u00e7ekilmesi ile birlikte b\u00f6lgede bir bo\u015fluk olu\u015fma ihtimali g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor, di\u011fer yandan ise siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, karga\u015fa ve hatta i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma da \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00a0Bu durum ise \u00c7in i\u00e7in hem f\u0131rsat hem de risk anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

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On y\u0131l \u00f6nce General Liu Yazhou, Amerikan askerleri Afganistan\u2019a girdi\u011finde, \u201cBat\u0131 Teorisi\u201dni yazd\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in devlet stratejisini \u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelere do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zira \u00c7in \u00a0h\u0131zla ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve Orta Asya, son y\u0131llarda \u00c7in\u2019in yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda en \u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden biri olmu\u015ftur. Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem, Liu Yazhou\u2019nun zaman\u0131ndaki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bu g\u00fcnlerde tam olarak do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Orta Asya ve Bat\u0131 \u00c7in (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in i\u00e7in olan \u00f6nemi bug\u00fcn herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yeni makalesinde Liu Yazhou, Orta Asya\u2019daki mevcut duruma ve \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019daki mevcudiyetini esas alarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini daha da geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019daki faaliyetlerini geli\u015ftirme esnas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar, ders al\u0131nacak ibretler, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan zorluklar gibi hususlar hakk\u0131nda analiz yapm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f ve orijinal metin \u00fczerinden revize etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

BATI B\u00d6LGE TEOR\u0130S\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

(\u00c7in\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan Politikas\u0131)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131 harika bir yerdir. Bat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan Orta Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131)\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmek bizim i\u00e7in sadece stratejik se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcmidimiz, hatta bizim bu neslin kaderidir. M\u00fckemmel konumu (d\u00fcnya merkezine yak\u0131n) bize g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir motivasyon sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi olmaktan ziyade ilerlemek i\u00e7in hedefteki b\u00f6lge olarak g\u00f6rmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Yeni D\u00f6nemdeki \u201cBat\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r Savunmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cDeniz K\u0131y\u0131 Savunmas\u0131 \u201d teorisi<\/b><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz kusur y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Man\u00e7o Qing h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tart\u0131\u015fma olmu\u015ftu: Deniz K\u0131y\u0131 Savunmas\u0131 m\u0131 veya Bat\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r Savunmas\u0131 m\u0131, hangisi \u00f6nemli? \u00a0O zaman Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u00fclkemize s\u00fcrekli denizden sald\u0131r\u0131yordu.1874\u2019te, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada \u00fclkesi\u201d (Japonya) bile, \u201c\u015eakay\u0131k Cemiyeti\u201d olay\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek Tayvan\u2019a asker g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. \u00a0Bundan \u00f6nce 1871\u2019de, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya, Yakup Beg Bedevlet\u2019in Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesinden faydalanarak \u201ckurtarma\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda askeri stratejik b\u00f6lge olan \u0130li\u2019yi i\u015fgal etti. Bu nedenle \u201cDeniz savunmas\u0131\u201d m\u0131 yoksa \u00a0\u201cBat\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r Savunmas\u0131\u201d m\u0131 hangisi \u00f6nemli diye bir tart\u0131\u015fma ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Li Hongzhang liderli\u011findeki denizci grubu ile Zuo Zongtang taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen Bat\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r Savunma grubu aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k o zamanki \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem konusu idi. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma sadece b\u00f6lge valileri de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda Qing Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da olay\u0131n i\u00e7ine dahil etti.<\/p>\n

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Deniz savunmac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, son on y\u0131llarda, yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n i\u015fgali g\u00fcneydo\u011fu deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan geliyor, \u00f6zellikle de yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta olan Japonya, gelecekte Ruslardan daha fazla felaket getirecek. Jiangsu valisi Ding Richang\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cRuslar dut yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131r\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcyen ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi gibi yava\u015f\u00e7a bize yak\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, Japonlar ise azg\u0131n balina gibi aniden sald\u0131r\u0131r ve bizi birden yutar\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Zuo Zongtang\u2019 a g\u00f6re, \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki da\u011flar ve nehirler gibi co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar savunmak i\u00e7in do\u011fal bir kalkand\u0131r, Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 terk etmek \u00c7in\u2019i terk etmek demektir: \u201cDolays\u0131yla, S\u0131ncan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131 elimizde tutarsak Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 koruruz, e\u011fer Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 elimizde tutarsak Pekin\u2019i koruruz.\u201d Zuo Zongtang\u2019\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, Li Hongzhang taraf\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve net oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ve en y\u00fcksek karar mercii Krali\u00e7e Cixi (S\u0131\u015fi) taraf\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 bulundu. Sonunda Zong Zongtang bat\u0131ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131 ve Sin Cang( Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019da tarihi zafer elde etti.<\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc duruma bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, o zamanki\u00a0\u201cBat\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r Savunma\u201d\u00a0ve\u00a0\u201cDeniz K\u0131y\u0131 Savunma\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda\u00a0Zuo Zongtang\u2019\u0131n teorisi tamamen hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201cTarih, kazananlar\u0131 k\u0131namaz\u201d, zira zaman\u0131nda\u00a0\u201cdeniz savunmas\u0131nda\u201d \u0131srar eden Li Hongzhang, daha sonra \u00c7in-Japon Sava\u015f\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131, bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki onun ad\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131llardan beri teslimiyet\u00e7i ve vatan haini ile e\u015f anlama gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Ancak tarihi yeniden sorgularsak ve o y\u0131llardaki \u201cdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 savunmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cbat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r savunmas\u0131\u201d ile ilgili ba\u015fka varsay\u0131mlar yaparsak, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc nesil belki farkl\u0131 yorumlar yapacaklard\u0131. Zuo Zongtang\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f esnas\u0131nda, y\u0131ll\u0131k askeri harcama 10 milyon g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f paras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131 ki bu da Man\u00e7o Qing hanedan\u0131n\u0131n 1\/6 ila 1\/7 mali gelirine e\u015fde\u011ferdi. \u00dcnl\u00fc i\u015f adam\u0131 Hu Xueyan\u2019\u0131n maddi deste\u011fine ra\u011fmen, Qing hanedan\u0131 bu y\u00fcksek sava\u015f masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yeti\u015femedi ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 bankalardan y\u00fcksek miktarda bor\u00e7 almak zorunda kald\u0131. Zuo Zongtang\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bu sava\u015fta harcanan para toplam\u0131, sava\u015f sonras\u0131ndaki devaml\u0131 harcama hari\u00e7 en az yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 milyon g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f paras\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Bu paralar e\u011fer deniz kuvvetleri i\u00e7in harcan\u0131rsa idi, Asya\u2019n\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f sava\u015f gemisinden 20 adet sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilirdi. O zamanki Japonya\u2019n\u0131n ulusal g\u00fcc\u00fc ile k\u0131yaslad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu durumda \u00c7in Donanmas\u0131 yolsuzluk yap\u0131yor olsa bile, Japonlar daha cesur ve maddi durumunun \u00e7ok daha avantajl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen o g\u00fcnlerdeki Jiawu \u00c7in-Japon Sava\u015f\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131 ve \u00c7in donanmas\u0131 tamamen yok edilmeyecekti. \u00a0B\u00f6ylece \u00c7in 200 milyon g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para tazminat \u00f6deme ve Tayvan\u2019\u0131 Japonya\u2019 ya teslim etme gibi trajedi ya\u015fanmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Peki \u015f\u00f6yle diyebilir miyiz? Man\u00e7o Qing h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131 geri almak i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131, fakat \u00fclkenin kaderini belirleyecek \u00f6b\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

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Fakat tarih varsay\u0131m kabul etmez. Man\u00e7o Qing Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n o g\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu paray\u0131 acil ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan Sincan\u2019a harcamasayd\u0131, yine de tamam\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015f gemisi i\u00e7in harcamazd\u0131. Japonya\u2019n\u0131n donanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flasa bile, \u00c7in-Japon Sava\u015f\u0131 ancak 10 veya 20 y\u0131l gecikecekti. \u00d6zellikle Li Hongzhang, Sincan\u2019\u0131 alsak bile \u201cbu sadece binlerce kilometrelik at\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6l toprak ve bize y\u00fckten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey getirmez\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. O zamanlar Kuzeybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi ger\u00e7ekten bir at\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6lden ibaret bir toprak idi. Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131 geri ald\u0131ktan sonra, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00f6lgedeki askeri ve idari harcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in her y\u0131l 100 binlerce g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para b\u00fct\u00e7e ay\u0131rmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Ancak, kim hayal edebilir ki, bu \u201cat\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6l\u201d dedi\u011fimiz yerin sar\u0131 kumu alt\u0131nda bug\u00fcn en \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz alt\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu?<\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcn, Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019deki konumu sadece co\u011frafi bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemli bir tampon b\u00f6lgesi olmaktan ziyade, onun e\u015fsiz enerji stat\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilemez stratejik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Sincan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir stratejik s\u0131\u00e7rama tahtas\u0131 olup bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi Orta Asya ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 var, g\u00fcneyde kom\u015fu olan Pakistan \u00fczerinden deniz yolu ile do\u011frudan Hint Okyanusu ve H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na ula\u015fabiliriz.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer Sincan\u2019\u0131n (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) co\u011frafi avantajlar\u0131ndan en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanarak, Ortado\u011fu ve Orta Asya-Hazar b\u00f6lgesindeki petrol ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131 Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) \u00a0\u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019in i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine ta\u015f\u0131yabilirsek, geleneksel neniz nakliye rotas\u0131nda mecburi ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 olan ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki Malacca Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na muhta\u00e7 kalmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nabiliriz. Avrasya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi konumunda yer alan Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) yeni \u201cAvrasya K\u0131tasal K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn bo\u011faz rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamaktad\u0131r. Orta Asya ve Ortado\u011fu ile \u00c7in\u2019i ba\u011flayan en elveri\u015fli karayollar\u0131ndan biridir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in en uygun b\u00f6lgedir. \u00a0Bu kadar \u00f6nemli co\u011frafi avantajl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeye, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerde \u00e7ok nadir rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00c7in, bu \u00e7a\u011fda hala yeni bir \u201cdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 savunmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cbat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r savunma\u201d teoriler aras\u0131nda bir se\u00e7im yapmak zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r. Burada s\u00f6yle bir soruya cevap vermemiz gerekmektedir: \u00c7in\u2019in yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l stratejik odak noktas\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken do\u011fu deniz b\u00f6lgesi ve bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi aras\u0131nda hangisine \u00f6ncelik ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermemiz gerekiyor? ikisine e\u015fit mi, yoksa do\u011fuya m\u0131 ya da bat\u0131ya m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Bana g\u00f6re, \u00c7in sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in, tersinden hareket etmemiz gerekiyor, yani \u00f6ncelikle bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesine\u00a0(Orta Asya)\u00a0a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermeliyiz,\u00a0ard\u0131ndan Do\u011fu \u00c7in denizi b\u00f6lgesi (Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu As\u0131ya) sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeriz. Elbette, Bat\u0131 b\u00f6lge ve Do\u011fu deniz b\u00f6lge meseleleri birbirini etkiliyor, ancak Tayvan\u2019da bir sorun \u00e7\u0131karsa, bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi (Orta Asya)\u00a0etkilemez. \u00a0Orta Asya da bir olay \u00e7\u0131karsa Tayvan\u2019da mutlaka sorun \u00e7\u0131kar. Tayvan ile \u00c7in ana k\u0131ta ayn\u0131 \u0131rk ve ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131yor, sorun \u00e7\u0131ksa( kaybetsek) bile gelecekte nas\u0131lsa geri alabiliriz. Fakat, Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u00a0ve Tibet \u00e7ok ayr\u0131 \u0131rklardan olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00c7in topra\u011f\u0131ndan giderse geri alma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z nerede ise hi\u00e7 yoktur.<\/p>\n

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Stratejimizi Bat\u0131 (Orta Asya)\u2019ya odakland\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n sebebi, hem ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in hem de \u00e7aresizlikten ibarettir. \u00c7in\u2019in modernizasyon stratejisi do\u011fu deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flad\u0131, reform ve d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma politikas\u0131 da g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015flad\u0131. Son 20 y\u0131lda, g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n lokomotifi haline geldi ve tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olarak servetlerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge oldu. Hong Kong, Tayvan ve Makao da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00a0\u00a0\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in Ekonomik \u00c7emberi\u201d olarak g\u00f6rkemli bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir zamanlar bu b\u00f6lgeyi \u201cRenminbi(\u00c7in yuan\u0131) b\u00f6lgesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi burada, ama \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl zafiyeti de burada, yani kal\u0131c\u0131 savunma alan\u0131 yok. Do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi \u00c7in ekonomisine fayda getiren en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6lge ve ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik direni\u015f stratejimiz i\u00e7in en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u00f6lgedir. ABD taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen \u201cAdalar zinciri\u201d (Filipinler, Tayvan, Japonya,\u00a0Kore) boynumuza ge\u00e7irilen ip gibi bizi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Tayvan meselesi son y\u0131llarda bir kriz haline getirildi, sebep bu de\u011fil mi? Tayvan bo\u011faz\u0131 her an tehlikede. ABD ve Tayvan, \u015eangay, Pekin ve Hong Kong\u2019u bombalama planlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar ve hatta San\u015fa Baraj\u0131\u2019na sald\u0131rma yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131lar. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar bizim do\u011fu deniz b\u00f6lgesinin stratejik durumun vahim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in\u2019in modernizasyonu deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak burada biz engellendik ve art\u0131k do\u011fu (Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Asya)\u2019ya ilerleyemedik. Mademki do\u011fuya yay\u0131lma imkan\u0131m\u0131z yok, bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f stratejisi bizim i\u00e7in zaruri g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Bat\u0131 (Orta Asya)\u2019ya ilerleme, do\u011fuda savunmakta kalma stratejisi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bizim i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir devlet politikas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Do\u011fuda savunmada kalmak bize zaman ve istikrar kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi : S\u00fcper G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Can damar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn birileri \u201cTarihte Qin hanedan\u0131 do\u011fudaki alt\u0131 tane \u00fclkeyi nas\u0131l kendi egemen alt\u0131na ald\u0131?\u201d diye sorarsa, verilen cevap kesinlikle \u015fudur ki: \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Qin Devleti, \u015eangyang Reformunu hayata ge\u00e7irerek t\u00fcm toplumun kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde harekete ge\u00e7irebilecek militarist bir \u00fclke haline geldi. Peki, Qin Devletinden \u00f6nce reform yapan Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise daha \u00fcst\u00fcn askeri g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen neden di\u011fer devletlere a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda ard\u0131 ard\u0131na yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131?<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n neden h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi\u011fini ve neden iki sava\u015fta kaybetti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlayabiliriz. Haritay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p dikkatle incelersek Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019deki konumu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki konumuna benziyor. Sadece ters y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Co\u011frafi konum bak\u0131mdan hem Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem Almanya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerin tam ortas\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorlar. Almanya ve Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f yenilgisinde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir benzerli\u011fi vard\u0131r: stratejik savunma alan\u0131n\u0131n darl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 iki y\u00f6nden gelen d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131lar. Zaman\u0131ndaki Qin devletinin arkas\u0131nda geni\u015f topraklara sahip olan aciz ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkeler vard\u0131, sald\u0131rmak kolay, \u00e7ekilmek ve savunmak i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok m\u00fcsait, Sovyetler Birli\u011finin co\u011frafi konumuna gayet benziyor.<\/p>\n

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Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) neden \u00f6nemlidir? Bat\u0131 b\u00f6lge (Orta Asya) neden \u00f6nemlidir? Bir zamanlar \u00c7in tarihindeki \u201cSava\u015fan Devletler (zhanguo)\u201d d\u00f6neminde y\u00fckselen Wei Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselen Almanya\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze getirirsek her \u015feyi anlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Zuo Zongtang\u00a0(1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal eden Man\u00e7u \u00c7in Generali) zaman\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:\u00a0\u201c\u00c7in<\/b>\u2018in g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi Kuzeybat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) olmadan olmaz\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130mparator Qin Shihuang\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019i birle\u015ftirmesinden bu yana ge\u00e7en iki bin y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f ya\u015fand\u0131: Birincisi, Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde (M.\u00d6.2- M.S.3.Y\u00fczy\u0131l), \u0130mparator Liu Che \u00c7in topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ikiye katlad\u0131. \u0130kincisi, Tang Hanedan\u0131 Zhenguan d\u00f6nemi (M.S.7.y\u00fczy\u0131l), \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, Qing Hanedan\u0131 Kangxi ve Qianlong d\u00f6nemi ( M.S.18.y\u00fczy\u0131l ), devletin toprak b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tekrar iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Her \u00fc\u00e7 hanedan\u0131n ortak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r, yani bat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Orta Asya)\u2019y\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00c7in devrimi g\u00fcneyde ba\u015flad\u0131, bat\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve kuzeydo\u011fuda ba\u015fard\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bat\u0131 (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Orta Asya) \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi i\u00e7in tek yoldur. Bat\u0131y\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131m\u0131zda tutabilsek ancak do\u011fuda ayakta durabilece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

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Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) Jeopolitik \u00f6nemi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019in 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fal kaynaklar tedarik merkezidir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7ler i\u00e7in, istikrarl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli enerji kaynak bulundurmak olmazsa olmaz bir stratejik politikad\u0131r. Zaman\u0131nda Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yenilgiye u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerine bakarsak, olumsuz co\u011frafi konumu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli sebep ise bu \u00fclkenin stratejik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nerede ise tamam\u0131n\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal etmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00fcstelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n deniz yolunu kullanmak zorunda olmas\u0131, fakat deniz yolu ise her zaman \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun elinde olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in, enerji ve maden kaynaklar\u0131na di\u011fer d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in gibi kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfusa sahip bir \u00fclkenin her bir hareketi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na dokunabilir. Hatta \u00c7in\u2019in kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 ve refah\u0131, d\u00fcnyada pek \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelere yol a\u00e7abilir. D\u00fcnyadaki do\u011fal kaynaklar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sen \u00e7ok fazlas\u0131na sahip olursan bana az kal\u0131r mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kavga ba\u015flar. \u00c7in\u2019deki ara\u00e7 yayg\u0131nla\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131n son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu zamanlarda Clinton, \u00c7in\u2019in otomobil end\u00fcstrisindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 geli\u015fiminin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir tehdit olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 defalarca vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7in bug\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (fidye i\u00e7in) ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan bir numaral\u0131 \u00fclkesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Neden? \u00c7in (d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mda) geciken bir \u00fclke oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en bol, en uygun maliyetli ve nakliyesi en kolay olan enerji ve maden kaynaklar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce gelenlerin kontrol alt\u0131na \u00e7oktan girmi\u015f, \u00c7in\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131lan yerler ise, Bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan terk edilen Afrika\u2019daki Sudan, Nijerya gibi siyasetin en \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ve istikrars\u0131z oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler olmu\u015ftur<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in \u00e7aresiz halde bu en g\u00fcvensiz b\u00f6lgelere ayak bassa da hala enerji ve maden ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta ciddi yetersizlik vard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde, \u00c7in liderlerinin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ziyaretlerindeki en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddesinden biri \u00c7in\u2019in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7indir. Enerji diplomasisi uzun zamandan beri \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en \u00f6nemli diplomatik politikas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte bu, ge\u00e7 kalanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6denmesi gereken bedeldir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eu anda, \u00c7in\u2019in ham petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131n % 60\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 istikrars\u0131z olan Orta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019dan geliyor ve toplu halde deniz yolu kullan\u0131yor. Bu ham petrol\u00fcn 4\/5 kadar\u0131 Malacca Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7mek zorunda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00c7in\u2019in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bu \u201cMalacca k\u0131skac\u0131\u201d tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019in petrol ithalat\u0131 ve nakliyesinin ana rotas\u0131 sadece ABD donanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hint donanmas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerden ge\u00e7iyor. \u00a0\u00c7in\u2019in enerji g\u00fcvenlik zafiyetini b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

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Enerji ve maden kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin ve tehlikeli olmayan, vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lma ve ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frama ihtimalleri olmayan, daha da \u00f6nemlisi, ula\u015f\u0131m kanal\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkenin kontrol alt\u0131nda olmayan tek bir yer var, buras\u0131 da Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Orta Asya \u00fclkeleridir.<\/p>\n

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Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin arka bah\u00e7esinde bulunan bu b\u00f6lge petrol ve do\u011falgaz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olmakla kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda uranyum gibi \u00f6nemli stratejik maden kaynaklar\u0131na sahiptir, dahas\u0131 Sincan\u2019\u0131n petrol ve do\u011fal gaz rafine tesislerine ve nakliye boru hatlar\u0131na yak\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00a0Biraz daha boru hatlar\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fersek Sincan\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019in i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine uzanan mevcut boru hatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeye ula\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz. En \u00f6nemlisi, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6lgedeki Rus etkisinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 nedeniyle, buraya ilk gelenler i\u00e7in inan\u0131lmaz de\u011ferli bir toprakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Avrasya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda yer alan Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri, denizden uzak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in petrol ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131n ihracat\u0131 sadece kara yolu \u00fczerinden boru hat\u0131la ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

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Teoride, Orta Asya \u00fclkelerindeki petrol ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ihracat\u0131 boru hatt\u0131yla en yak\u0131n deniz liman\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu durumda, ya bat\u0131ya do\u011fru \u0130ran \u00fczerinden denize ula\u015facak veya g\u00fcneye do\u011fru Pakistan \u00fczerinden Hint Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Petrol ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n en yak\u0131n deniz liman\u0131ndan ihracat yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, mesafenin k\u0131salmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, daha \u00f6nemli bir avantaj ise belirli bir m\u00fc\u015fteriye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Ancak sorun \u015fu ki, \u0130ran g\u00fczergah\u0131 en yak\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ran\u2019daki durum istikrars\u0131z, gerekli siyasi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yok ve politik olarak Orta As\u0131ya \u00fclkeleri \u0130ran\u2019la birbirine g\u00fcvenmiyorlar. \u00a0\u00a0G\u00fcneye do\u011fru giden g\u00fczergah ise, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en istikrars\u0131z olan Afganistan \u2013 Pakistan koridorundan ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, Orta Asya\u2019daki petrol ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergahlar\u0131 belirlenirken geriye sadece a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alternatifler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/b>
\nI.\u00a0\u201cKuzeyden g\u00fcneye ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fczergah\u0131\u201d:<\/b>\u00a0Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki petrol\u00fc, g\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019daki Omsk\u2019tan, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Pavlodar ve \u00c7imkent \u00fczerinden \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131mak ard\u0131ndan rafine noktalar\u0131ndan di\u011fer \u00fclkelere ula\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n

2,\u00a0\u201cKuzeye do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fczergah\u0131\u201d:<\/b>\u00a0Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 kesimindeki petrol ve do\u011falgaz\u0131n\u0131, Hazar Denizi\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden Rusya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131mak, rafine ve petrokimya tesislerine tedarik etmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rusya boru hatt\u0131 a\u011f\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya da\u011f\u0131tmak.<\/p>\n

3,\u00a0\u201cDo\u011fudan \u00c7in\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fczergah<\/b>\u0131\u201d: Boru hatt\u0131n\u0131 Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019a uzatarak Sincan\u2019daki mevcut boru hatt\u0131 a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flamak ve do\u011frudan tek b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji t\u00fcketicisi olan \u00c7in\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk iki g\u00fczergah Sovyet d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, dolays\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011fru nakledilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece Orta Asya\u2019daki t\u00fcm petrol ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131 Rus boru hatlar\u0131 ve limanlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u015eu anda Orta Asya\u2018da faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte olan \u201cKuzey petrol\u00fcn\u00fc G\u00fcneye Aktarma\u201d ve \u201cG\u00fcneydeki petrol ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n\u0131 kuzeye aktarma\u201d g\u00fczergahlar\u0131ndaki mevcut boru hatlar\u0131 eski Sovyet d\u00f6neminin sanayi d\u00fczeninin tarihsel miras\u0131d\u0131r. Tek elin kontrol alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinin pek ho\u015funa gitmez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6ylece Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu konuda s\u00f6z sahibi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlar. Ancak bu durumun k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede de\u011fi\u015fmesi zordur. \u00a0Bu da \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6steriyor ki, boru hatt\u0131 projesine yap\u0131lan uzun vadeli stratejik yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye gerektiren ve \u00e7ok m\u00fc\u015fakkatl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u015fayet ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde inan\u0131lmaz g\u00fczel netice ve faydalar getirecektir. Elde edilen bu servetlerden evlatlar\u0131m\u0131z da yararlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinin petrol ve do\u011fal gaz end\u00fcstrilerini ve ekonomik can damarlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle petrol ve gaz ihracat boru hatlar\u0131) s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmalar\u0131, bu \u00fclkeleri ekonomi ve petrol do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretiminin geli\u015fmesinde belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pasif durumda b\u0131rak\u0131yor ve bu nedenle Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinin petrol ve do\u011fal gaz ihracat\u0131nda \u00e7ok kutuplu g\u00fczergah arama arzusu \u00c7in\u2018in petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla tam olarak uyu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in<\/b>\u2018<\/b>in Orta Asya<\/b>\u2018<\/b>daki Mevcudiyeti<\/b><\/p>\n

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Atalar\u0131m\u0131za \u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun ki, b\u00f6yle \u00f6zel bir toprak kazan\u0131p bize b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. \u00c7in haritas\u0131na dikkatle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, g\u00f6zlerim uzun sure hep bat\u0131s\u0131na \u00a0(T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a) dikilip kal\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 insanlar \u00c7in haritas\u0131n\u0131 bir horoza benzetiyorlar, ama bana g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok bir kartala benziyor. Kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 yayarken, do\u011fuda Pasifik Okyanusu, bat\u0131da Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya kadar kuca\u011f\u0131na al\u0131yor. U\u00e7arken de, \u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 gagas\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131yor. E\u011fer do\u011fu onun ba\u015f\u0131 ise, bat\u0131 ( Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ) u\u00e7u\u015f dengesini sa\u011flayan g\u00f6vdesidir. Denge noktas\u0131 olmadan o u\u00e7amaz. Bu g\u00f6vde merkezinin konumu son derce m\u00fckemmeldir: geni\u015f araz\u0131 ve geni\u015f yaylalar, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselen Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131, Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Altun Da\u011flar\u0131. Yerde uzanan Tar\u0131m ve Jungar havzalar\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu bizim bildi\u011fimiz \u00a0\u201c\u00fc\u00e7 da\u011f aras\u0131nda iki havza\u201d. Buras\u0131 denizlere uzak, Asya\u2019n\u0131n kalbine do\u011fru sokulan demir m\u0131zrak gibi. M\u00fckemmel ortama sahip bu \u00f6zel co\u011frafi birim zaten Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Petro\u2019nun ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kontrol etmek istedi\u011fi \u201cOrta Asya Koridoru\u201dnun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015fte buras\u0131d\u0131<\/b>r.<\/p>\n

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Bu yerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel cazibesi daha da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun tarihine, en geni\u015f yelpazesine ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 etkisine sahip, d\u00f6rt medeniyet vard\u0131r. Yani \u00c7in medeniyeti, Hint medeniyeti, Yunan medeniyeti ve \u0130slam medeniyeti, be\u015fincisi yok. Bu d\u00f6rt medeniyetin sadece bir tek kesi\u015fme noktas\u0131 var, yani, Bat\u0131 \u00c7in \u00a0(Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan), ikinci bir yer yoktur.<\/p>\n

Genellikle, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve Sincan\u00a0(Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u00a0Orta Asya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. O\u00a0(Orta Asya)\u00a0Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7inlilere l\u00fctfetti\u011fi en zengin bir par\u00e7a pastad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Orta Asya, d\u00fcnya petrol ve do\u011fal gaz rezerve ve tedarik b\u00f6lgelerinin tam merkezinde yer al\u0131yor, g\u00fcneyde Ortado\u011fu, kuzey de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Volga-Ural petrol ve do\u011fal gaz yataklar\u0131 ve Sibirya petrol ve do\u011fal gaz yataklar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yor, bat\u0131da ise Hazar petrol yataklar\u0131 var. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve do\u011fal gaz potansiyeline sahip b\u00f6lgelerinden biridir.<\/p>\n

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De\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6re, Tar\u0131m, Jungar ve Turfan-Kumul olmak \u00fczere bu 3 havzada toplam 20,9 milyar ton petrol kayna\u011f\u0131 ve 10.85 trilyon metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur, bu \u00c7in\u2019in toplam petrol ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla% 30 ve% 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmakta olup \u00c7in\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve do\u011falgaz aramas\u0131nda potansiyel eyalet say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019n\u0131n hemen bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Kazakistan\u2019da 5,4 milyar ton petrol ve 6 trilyon metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz rezervleri, T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da 6,3 milyar ton petrol rezervleri ve 15,5 trilyon metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz rezervleri bulunuyor, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019\u0131n petrol ve do\u011falgaz rezervleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla 300 milyon ton ve 2 trilyon metrek\u00fcp. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n daha az petrol ve gaz rezervine sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bunlar nakliye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczergah \u00fclkeleridir.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in ve Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki enerji i\u015fbirli\u011fi 1990\u2019larda ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak son y\u0131llarda ulusal ekonomi g\u00fcc\u00fc h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte olan \u00c7in, ABD ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgede aktif giri\u015fimde bulunmamas\u0131ndan yararlanarak bu b\u00f6lgede t\u00fcketim pazar\u0131n\u0131 adeta ele ge\u00e7irdi. Orta Asya k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede \u00c7in\u2019in yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 sabit sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lge haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya : \u0130stikrarl\u0131 olmayan b\u00f6lge<\/b><\/p>\n

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Ger\u00e7i \u0130ngiltere tarihte Orta Asya\u2019ya s\u0131zmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa da geleneksel olarak Orta Asya her zaman Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, di\u011fer \u00fclkelere bu son pastay\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in iyi bir f\u0131rsat yaratt\u0131. \u00c7in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u015fu anda sadece Orta Asya enerjisine Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Almanya, \u0130talya, T\u00fcrkiye, Kanada, Japonya, Hindistan, Suudi Arabistan, G\u00fcney Kore, Rusya, Arjantin, Macaristan, Umman ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri gibi 20 den fazla \u00fclkelere ait 50\u2019den fazla \u015firket g\u00f6z dikmekte, bunlar\u0131n faaliyet alanlar\u0131 genelde petrol arama ve ham petrol rafine ve sat\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine odaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kavgada en aktif olan \u00fclkeler ise, tabi ki Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Rusya ve \u00c7in.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkeler burada petrol ve do\u011fal gaz yataklar\u0131 i\u00e7in rekabet ediyorlar, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkeler ise boru hatt\u0131 d\u00f6\u015feyerek petrol ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istikametini kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ellerinde tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u015eu anda, \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019da in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olan petrol ve gaz boru hatlar\u0131, Orta Asya\u2019daki petrol ve do\u011falgaz nakliyle g\u00fczergah modelini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in ve Orta Asya aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ili\u015fki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Orta Asya\u2019daki durum, \u00c7in i\u00e7in son derece elveri\u015flidir: Orta Asya, Rusya, NATO, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve Hindistan taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, geni\u015f bir alana sahiptir ve tek bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131na girme ihtimali azd\u0131r. \u015eu anda, Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 kap\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde, her taraf kendi etkisini g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, hen\u00fcz tek ba\u015f\u0131na Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 kontrol eden bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yok, \u00a0Orta Asya, belli bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn kuca\u011f\u0131na oturmu\u015f de\u011fil ve b\u00f6lgedeki durum nispeten kendi dengesinde belirsizli\u011fini koruyor.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in\u2019in en \u00f6nemli rakibi Rusya\u2019d\u0131r, Rusya, Orta Asya\u2019da geleneksel etkiye sahip olan bir \u00fclke olup, uzun s\u00fcredir g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybeden konumdad\u0131r, 2008\u2019den bu yana ya\u015fanan ekonomik krizi ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomi ve yat\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Fakat, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi ise, co\u011frafi konumlar\u0131 nedeniyle Orta Asya\u2019ya g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ilgi ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00c7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaja sahiptir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in, sessizce y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyetleri ile \u201cbat\u0131ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleme\u201d stratejisine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemi kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r, Ancak, bat\u0131ya geni\u015fleme sadece ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan bu b\u00f6lgede yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaktan ibaret de\u011fildir, uzun vadeli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00c7in, b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lge (B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan) de nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ciddi bir s\u0131navla le kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Jeopolitik strateji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Orta Asya, Asya\u2019y\u0131 karadan Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131ran kritik merkezde yer almaktad\u0131r. Tarihi \u201c\u0130pek Yolu\u201d ve \u015fimdi ikinci Avrasya K\u0131tasal K\u00f6pr\u00fc, buradan ge\u00e7mektedir: Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan),\u00a0\u201cKe\u015fmir\u2013Uygur\u2013Tibet\u201d \u00a0ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketi koridorunun kritik alan\u0131d\u0131r, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu b\u00f6lge i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f etnik ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019deki \u201cT\u00fcrk Koridoru\u201d burada birle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019daki ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadelede bu karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131 iyi de\u011ferlendirmek ve dengeyi iyi korumak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

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Ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorun Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019daki etnik sorundur. Orta Asya ve Sincan\u2019daki 10 etnik gurup s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Orta Asya halk\u0131 ve Sincanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u0130slam dinine inan\u0131rlar, \u00e7o\u011funlukla T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 olup gelenekleri birbirine benzer, ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 benzer, ortak milli kimlik duygular\u0131 \u00e7ok kuvvetlidir iki taraf halklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. \u00a0Bunun Avantajlar\u0131 \u00c7in ve Orta Asya aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgesel ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r, olumsuz y\u00f6n\u00fc ise, \u00fclke i\u00e7i etnik meselelerimizi iyi bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zemesek, haberler ve sorunlar do\u011frudan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf\u0131na h\u0131zla yay\u0131lacak. E\u011fer etnik sorunumuzu do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde halledemezsek, \u00fclkemizdeki etnik problemimiz kom\u015fu \u00fclke halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 duygusal meselesi haline gelmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

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Be\u015f Orta Asya \u00fclkesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hep \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 olarak bilinir, ancak az say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dinsel e\u011filimler olsa da, baz\u0131 Orta Asya \u00fclkelerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00e7ok ileri d\u00fczeyde laiktirler, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslimlerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fildirler. Ancak, etnik meseleler ve siyasi istikrar sorunu Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in olabilecek ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Tarih boyunca, Orta Asya T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 etnik isim kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k ve k\u00f6kenlerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor niteli\u011fe sahiptirler, zamanla bir birine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Ayr\u0131t etmek de zor. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin etnik kimlik tespit ve etni\u011fe dayal\u0131 \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131r ayr\u0131m\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinde ulusal ve toprak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7acak tohum b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, herhangi bir \u00fclkedeki etnik mesele iki veya daha fazla \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkileri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokabilir. Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinin mevcut rejimleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla Sovyet d\u00f6neminden kalan iktidarlar\u0131n devam\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck y\u00f6ntemle k\u0131sa vadeli siyasi istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek olsa da, uzun vadeli bakarsak siyasi karga\u015falar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Orta Asya, yasemin devriminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n en muhtemel yeridir.<\/p>\n

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Son zamanlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla siyasi karga\u015fa ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n kamusal istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tipik bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir: yani, kuzeydeki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ile g\u00fcneydeki \u00d6zbekler aras\u0131ndaki patlak veren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, rejimin me\u015fruiyeti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin temsil eksikli\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019daki benzer sorun neredeyse her Orta Asya \u00fclkesinde mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

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Bir bak\u0131mdan, demokratik olmayan siyasi recimle etnik meseleler bir araya geldi\u011finde, Orta Asya\u2019daki barut kukusu (90 y\u0131llardaki) Balkanlardan az de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Kafkasya ise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor. \u00a0Fakat Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesi asl\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka Balkan barut f\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eimdiye kadar patlama nitelikte \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusya\u2019n\u0131n burada ezici bir g\u00fcce sahip ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya cesaret edebilecek ikinci g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00fclke yoktur. Ancak, \u0130ran rejimi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen n\u00fcfus ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan dolay\u0131 bir ani de\u011fi\u015fim olursa, \u00a0K\u00fcrdistan ve G\u00fcrcistan meselelerini de tetikleyebilir ve Kafkasya\u2019daki mevcut istikrar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 muhtemeldir, \u015fok dalga uzun s\u00fcre devam etmekle kalmay\u0131p, muhtemelen Orta Asya\u2019ya da s\u0131\u00e7rayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in\u2019in sorunlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlarda, s\u0131n\u0131rlardaki sorunlar ise Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019da, \u00a0Sincan istikrars\u0131z olursa, \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019daki ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Madem Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan)\u2019a bir s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi de\u011fil, \u00c7in\u2019in kalbi olarak bak\u0131yoruz, o zaman bu b\u00f6lge hakk\u0131nda daha geni\u015f kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak etnik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 hatta ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00fclkelerden ders almam\u0131z ve sonraki nesillerimizin tarihi beklentilerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde bulundurarak etnik sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131ca \u00e7\u00f6zmemiz laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Para g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka hangi g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz var?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle birlikte, \u00c7in \u00fclkenin stratejik politikalar\u0131 ile ilgili alanlara misli g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemi\u015f y\u00fcksek miktarda b\u00fct\u00e7e ay\u0131rd\u0131, \u00a0hatta Bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7leri de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Ancak, \u00e7ok paraya sahip olmak sadece devletin sert g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fckselmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor, fakat yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de beraber y\u00fckselece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok sorun para ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7in toplumunda endi\u015fe verici olaylardan biri, herkesin kafas\u0131nda, para her \u015feyi haleder, paran varsa her \u015fey olur gibi bir anlay\u0131\u015f var. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde ba\u015far\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar elde etmek, r\u00fc\u015fvetle yol a\u00e7mak gibi mant\u0131k ve davran\u0131\u015flara sebep olur. Akli selimle uzun vadeli, titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve imaj\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesini tamamen yok sayar. R\u00fc\u015fvetle yol a\u00e7mak sadece ge\u00e7ici ve y\u00fczeysel dostluk kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemle Sadece samimiyetsiz ve \u015fi\u015firilmi\u015f ticari ili\u015fkiler elde edilir.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in\u2019in Afrika\u2019daki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek alal\u0131m, \u00c7inli i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan bu \u00fclkedeki yetkililere r\u00fc\u015fvet vererek projeler kazanma y\u00f6ntemi \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ve her kes taraf\u0131ndan bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Fakat, Afrika h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin toplumu y\u00f6netme ve kontrol etme yetene\u011fi \u00c7in ile k\u0131yaslan\u0131lmaz, R\u00fc\u015fvet ile sadece yetkililerin deste\u011fini sa\u011flayabilirler, ama yerli halk\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanamazlar, buradaki \u00c7inliler s\u00fcrekli olarak yerel kabile gerillalar\u0131n\u0131n bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na u\u011fruyor ya da tehdit mektuplar\u0131 al\u0131yorlar. \u00dcstelik r\u00fc\u015fvet olay\u0131 yerel yetkililerin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabart\u0131yor, yerli halklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetine ve \u00c7in firmalar\u0131na olan nefret duygular\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve imajlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n zedelenmesine sebep oluyor.<\/p>\n

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Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler Afrika\u2019ya girdi\u011finde, bir taraftan sab\u0131rla yetkililerin ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde ediyor bir taraftan da onlara zor \u015fartlar ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiriyorlar, ayn\u0131 anda da yerel topluluklar i\u00e7ine s\u0131zarak onlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini kazanmay\u0131 ihmal etmiyorlar. Sadece r\u00fc\u015fvetle girdi\u011finde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015fler ge\u00e7ici olur ve uzun s\u00fcremez. Bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkesi olarak \u00c7in ayn\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya olan bu co\u011frafya ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan genelde Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7ok gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Orta Asya\u2019ya gelince, bizim g\u00f6zlerimiz ilk \u00f6nce Rusya ve Amerika gibi rakiplerin \u00fczerinde olacak, ancak geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarsak korkar\u0131z ki en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibimiz Amerika ve ya Rusya de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dir!<\/b><\/p>\n

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Rusya, askeri g\u00fcce sahip ama ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131f, ayr\u0131ca ahlak ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel cazibesinden yoksun, ABD\u2019nin her \u015feyi var, Orta Asya onun i\u00e7in sadece \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve demokrasi m\u00fccadelesi\u201d ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin stratejik rekabet meydan\u0131, Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 elinde tutmak gibi bir niyeti yok, hevesi de yok. \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye ise tam tersine, askeri g\u00fcce, ya da yeterli ekonomik g\u00fcce sahip olmasa da, T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda e\u015fsiz de\u011ferlere ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7ekicili\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n

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Siyasi ve ideolojik olarak T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda laikle\u015fme ve demokratikle\u015fmenin en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fidir; k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a0t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk milletlerinin anavatan\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedir. Zengin bir \u00fclke olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen o Orta Asya\u2019da\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapt\u0131, bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversitelerin, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin ve di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti, T\u00fcrk alfabe sistemini buralara ihra\u00e7 etti, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin laik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yayd\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan gelen \u00f6\u011frencilere devlet burslar\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

20 y\u0131ldan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede, Adriyatik Denizi\u2019nden \u00c7in Seddi\u2019ne kadar uzanan T\u00fcrk koridorunun her yerinde T\u00fcrkiye m\u00fczi\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye filmi ve televizyon programlar\u0131 pop\u00fcler oldu, gen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenciler ya geli\u015fmi\u015f bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeleri se\u00e7iyor veya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi tercih ediyorlar<\/p>\n

Evet, \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019daki be\u015f \u00fclkede ucuz \u00c7in mallar\u0131n\u0131 her yerde g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, Han \u00c7inli t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 orta ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcnler sat\u0131yorlar, Uygur t\u00fcccarlar ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatl\u0131 mallar sat\u0131yorlar, neticede, \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 kendisinin damping pazarlar\u0131 ve hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evirdi ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda endi\u015feler yaratt\u0131. \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Orta Asya\u2019da \u00c7in ile olan rekabette, \u00f6zellikle ekonomi ve tabi kaynaklar rekabetinde geride kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yerli halk\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini kazanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sadece paran\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ile, \u00c7in\u2019in ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre koruyamay\u0131z, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131n\u0131r i\u00e7indeki istikrar\u0131 da sa\u011flayamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u0130ster \u0130\u00e7 i\u015flerinde \u00a0kamu g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in kullan, ister d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kullan. Paran\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc konusunda bat\u0131l olan ulus, geri kalm\u0131\u015f ve cahil bir millettir. Ekonominin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve ideolojinin \u00e7ifte avantajlar\u0131na sahip olan bir millet ger\u00e7ek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir millettir, sayg\u0131 de\u011fer ve itibar sahibi bir millettir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Milletler aras\u0131 rekabet, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc rekabettir ve kapsaml\u0131 kalitelerin rekabetidir. Milletin kaderini belirleyen sadece askeri ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil, onu belirleyen ise bu milletin medeniyet seviyesidir. Milletimizin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in siyasi sistemin reformu \u015fartt\u0131r. \u0130nsan toplumunda on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemde siyaset sahnesindeki y\u00fckseli\u015f ve bat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz, 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemde toplumun y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz, 1000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemde bir medeniyetin y\u00fckseli\u015fini ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u00dclkemizde 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, otoriter rejimden demokratik rejime ge\u00e7i\u015f ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. \u00c7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irecek. Siyasi sistem reformu, tarihin bize verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revdir, ba\u015fka \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in reformlar\u0131 bu g\u00fcne geldi ve kolay olan reformlar \u00e7oktan yap\u0131ld\u0131, geri kalan ise en zor k\u0131s\u0131mlar ve at\u0131lan her ad\u0131m bir may\u0131n tarlas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Sovyetler Birli\u011finin reformu zor olanlardan ba\u015flay\u0131p kolay olanlarla devam etti, Zaten en zor k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tiler. \u00c7in ise en zor k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz ge\u00e7medi. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin dersleri her zaman \u00c7in i\u00e7in bir aynad\u0131r. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas olarak i\u00e7sel fakt\u00f6rlerden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. \u00a0D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda yenilmedi, ama rejim rekabetinde kaybetti. Bir rejim e\u011fer vatanda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce nefes almalar\u0131na izin vermezse, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde serbest b\u0131rakamazsa , bu sistemi ve halk\u0131 en iyi temsil eden ki\u015fiyi liderlik pozisyonuna koyamazsa, bu rejimin kaybetmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r..<\/p>\n

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Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm sorunlar rejimden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcst y\u00f6netim eski iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc devam ettiremedi, \u00a0\u00a0alt kesim ise eskisi gibi hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremediler. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi de istikrar\u0131 istedi, istikrar\u0131 bir nihai hedef olarak belirledi ve mevcut durumu korumay\u0131 istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntemi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00a0\u0130stikrar her \u015feyden \u00f6nemli, para her \u015feyi halleder diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, sonu\u00e7ta z\u0131ddiyetler yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Demek, tam tersine, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlar istikrar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Y\u00fcksek idealleri ve h\u0131rslar\u0131 olan bir Millet asla paran\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bat\u0131l inan\u00e7l\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bir millet, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce fikirlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fcvenmelidir. Geleneksel \u00c7in politikas\u0131 Shangyang\u2019a dayan\u0131yor (M.\u00d6 5.y\u00fczy\u0131l ) ve Qin Shihuang zaman\u0131nda \u015fekilleniyor (M.\u00d6.3.y\u00fczy\u0131l). Han Hanedan\u0131 \u0130mparatoru Han Wudi d\u00f6neminde zirveye ula\u015f\u0131yor (M.S.2.y\u00fczy\u0131l). Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckte sadece imparatora itaat etmek bir mecburiyettir. B\u00f6yle bir gelenekten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00c7in bir as\u0131rdan uzun bir s\u00fcredir hep Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasi reformlar\u0131ndan yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ama yar\u0131 yolda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Reformlar di\u011fer alanlarda kolayca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir, ancak s\u00f6z konusu siyasi rejim de\u011fi\u015fimine gelince ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lam\u0131yor hatta ani olaylar patlak veriyor. Bu duruma reformcular haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalan\u0131yor ve kaybediyor. Deng Xiaoping siyasi reformlar yapmaya kararl\u0131 idi, ancak o zamanki durumun geli\u015fmesiyle, siyasi reform ile geleneksel siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki uyumsuzlu\u011fun giderek \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00fclkede karga\u015faya neden oldu.<\/p>\n

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Bir millet, rejimin g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fcvenmelidir. Amerikan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131 Wall Street\u2019te ve Silikon Vadisi\u2019nde de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek s\u0131rr\u0131 hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndaki sistemde yat\u0131yor. \u00a0Amerikan sistemi, \u201captallar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in dahiler taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bir sistem\u201d derler. K\u00f6t\u00fc bir sistem iyi insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler yapmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir, iyi bir sistem de k\u00f6t\u00fc insanlar\u0131n iyi \u015feyler yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Demokrasi son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Demokrasi olmadan, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00fckseli\u015f olamaz. Demokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yay\u0131lmas\u0131, ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir ve elbette tarihin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na tabi de\u011fildir. \u00c7inli ayd\u0131nlar, \u00c7in\u2019in ulusal ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun ve uygulan\u0131labilir bir sistem bulmaya cesaret etmelidirler. U\u011fruna hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak zorunda de\u011filler, ama \u00f6nc\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Bir millet, hakikatin g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fcvenmelidir. Hakikat bilim demek, bilim hakikat demektir. \u00c7in hakikatlerden yoksun de\u011fildir, \u00c7in\u2019de eksik olan hakikate m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6sterecek zemindir. Bat\u0131da, burjuva devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 bir devrim f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131n\u0131 tetikledi. \u00a0\u00c7in\u2019de ise, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nde, devrim f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ate\u015fini yok etti. Bizde modern zaman\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olan ge\u00e7mi\u015ften ders alma gibi bir nevi anlay\u0131\u015f eksik. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce teslim olursa hakikate yer kalmaz. Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimiz ifade edebiliriz, ama d\u00fcnyaya egemen olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncedir, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ise bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi olmayanlara nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsedebiliriz ki? K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, tart\u0131\u015fmaya izin verilmemesiydi. Ulusun kader meselesinin a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmezdi, sadece \u00f6nemsiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilirdi. Asl\u0131nda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck problemler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir, fakat \u00f6nemli konular a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00a0Zaman\u0131nda Deng Xiaoping taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u201cHakikatin Standard\u0131yla ilgili b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma\u201d, \u00c7inlileri o kadar \u00e7ok duyguland\u0131rd\u0131 ki. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, ayn\u0131 zamanda, insanlar\u0131n kalplerine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 da ekti. Ulusal g\u00fcc\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131, halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve ifadeleridir .<\/p>\n

\u00c7ince Kaynak:\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/<\/a>cn.rfi.fr\/\u9996\u9875\/20100809-\u5218\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e2d\u5c06\u7684\u897f\u90e8\u8bba<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak: www.sinoturknews.org<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yazan: Liu Yazhou. Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn notu: \u0130\u015fbu yaz\u0131daki Bat\u0131 kavram\u0131 Merkezi \u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 kastetmektedir. \u0130\u015fbu makalenin Yazar\u0131 Liu Yazhou,\u00a0\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ordusunda Tu\u011fgeneral olup, \u00c7in Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti eski Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Li Xian Nian\u2019n\u0131n damad\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yaz\u0131 daha sonra kendisi taraf\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cinin-uygur-politikasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1798"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1799,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798\/revisions\/1799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}