{"id":1640,"date":"2018-07-13T17:29:17","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T14:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1640"},"modified":"2018-07-13T17:29:17","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T14:29:17","slug":"orta-asya-satrancinda-dogu-turkistanin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1640","title":{"rendered":"Orta Asya Satranc\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr Ali Ahmetbeyo\u011flu<\/p>\n

(5 Temmuz 2009 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 \u015fehitlerin aziz hat\u0131ras\u0131na)<\/p>\n

Tarihin her d\u00f6neminde co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleri, sahip olduklar\u0131 imkanlar vs. a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan ve hedef haline gelen sahalar olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ilk devirlerden itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin istilalar\u0131na maruz kalan Orta Asya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Orta Asya; Kuzeyden Kuzey Buz Denizi, do\u011fudan B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus, g\u00fcneyden Hint Okyanusu, bat\u0131dan ise kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru Ural da\u011flar\u0131, Emba Nehri, Hazar Denizi, Kura ve Ryon \u0131rmaklar\u0131, Karadeniz, Marmara Denizi, Ege Denizi, Akdeniz, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Asya K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u0130\u00e7 Asya, Merkezi Asya da denilen orta Asya;\u00a0 Mo\u011folistan ve Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kazakistan ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt cumhuriyeti \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyini, hem Merv hem Herat\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130ran Horasan\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Tibet, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Kansu\u2019yu ihtiva eder. Hatta Ke\u015fmir, Pakistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Pencap\u2019\u0131n kuzeyi, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Pe\u015faver\u2019in de Orta Asya\u2019ya dahil edilebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin yurdu, memleketi, eli, ili manas\u0131na gelen, Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6ren, asker\u00ee, stratejik, jeopolitik, jeostratejik bak\u0131mdan \u00e7ok m\u00fchim bir mevkide bulunan, topraklar\u0131nda Hunlar, Tabga\u00e7lar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler, Uygurlar, Karahanl\u0131lar, Gazneliler, Sel\u00e7uklular, Harezm\u015fahlar gibi T\u00fcrk devletleri kurulan ve \u0130skender-i Z\u00fclkarneyn, \u0130ran, Arap, Mo\u011fol, \u00c7in ve Rus istil\u00e2lar\u0131na maruz kalan, petrol ve gaz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yeralt\u0131-yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengin olan T\u00fcrkistan; bat\u0131da Ural Nehri ve Hazar Denizi, do\u011fuda Altay Da\u011f\u0131 ve \u00c7in hududu yani Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan veya Ka\u015fgar\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, g\u00fcneyde \u0130ran ve Afganistan, kuzeyde Tobol ile Tomsk vil\u00e2yetleri (Sibirya) aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 5.827.818 km\u00b2\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkistan; Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Afgan T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 yahut G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Afganistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan; Afganistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde Bend-i T\u00fcrkistan ve Hinduku\u015f s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnden Seyhun Vadisi\u2019ne ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan \u00c7ukureli\u2019ne kadar uzanan sahay\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nemli \u015fehri Mezar-\u0131 \u015eerif \u2019tir. \u0130ran topraklar\u0131nda bulunan \u0130ran T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 ise \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Estarabad ve Deregiz vil\u00e2yetlerini i\u00e7ine almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan sahas\u0131 bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkmenistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Tacikistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Kazakistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u0130til (Volga) Nehri a\u011fz\u0131ndan Hazar Denizi\u2019ne kadar uzanan Ural da\u011flar\u0131ndan G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019ya kadar uzan\u0131p, do\u011fuda Altay da\u011flar\u0131 ile g\u00fcneyde Kopet Da\u011f\u0131, Bend-i T\u00fcrkistan, Hinduku\u015f ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. Mo\u011folistan, \u00c7in, Afganistan ile de huduttur. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 3.999.400 km\u00b2\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk kavminin ne\u015fet etti\u011fi yer, T\u00fcrk tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 ve Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin \u00f6z vatan\u0131 olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan; \u2018\u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n Kalbi\u2019\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n be\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndan biri olup kuzeyde Rusya, bat\u0131da; Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 te\u015fkil eden Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Tacikistan, g\u00fcneyde; Afganistan, Pakistan, Hindistan ve Tibet, do\u011fuda; \u00c7in (Kansu,\u00a0 \u00c7ing-hai ve \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan eyaletleri) ile kuzey-do\u011fuda Mo\u011folistan ile \u00e7evrilidir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ana vatan\u0131, T\u00fcrk medeniyet ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk mitolojisinin, Dede Korkut masallar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kutadgu Bilig, Divan\u00fc L\u00fcgat-it T\u00fcrk ve Atabet\u00fc\u2019l Hakay\u0131k\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyad\u0131r. Tarihte Do\u011fu ile bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli dinlerin, medeniyetlerin, ticaret kervanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak de\u011fi\u015fim noktas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Orta Asya\u2019da olduk\u00e7a stratejik konuma sahip olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u02ddTarihi \u0130pek Yolu\u02ddnun kav\u015fak noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca denizlerden \u00e7ok uzak olmas\u0131, y\u00fcksek da\u011flarla ve \u00e7\u00f6llerle \u00e7evrili bulunmas\u0131 hasebiyle d\u00fcnyada ender rastlanan \u2018\u2018savunma ve sald\u0131r\u0131\u2019\u2019 merkezidir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u00c7in i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 olup, \u00c7in\u2019in Avrasya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik h\u00e2kimiyet tesis etme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kilit yeridir. Sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a \u00c7in\u2019in Ukrayna\u2019s\u0131 denilmi\u015ftir. 1.828.418 kilometrekare y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip olan, bug\u00fcn K\u0131z\u0131l \u00c7in\u2019in i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ad\u0131 1876 \u00c7in-Man\u00e7u istilas\u0131ndan sonra 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015ein-ciang (yeni toprak) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1949\u2019da b\u00f6lgenin kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinden sonra yeni y\u00f6netim de bu ad\u0131 kullanmaya devam etmi\u015f, 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n resmi ismi \u2018\u2018\u015ein-ciang Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019\u2019 olarak ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ahalisinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr (Uygurlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, \u00d6zbek, Tatar T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131d\u0131r). Geri kalanlar\u0131n ekserisi \u00c7inlidir, bir miktar Mo\u011fol, Tibetli, Tacik, Rus da vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin hemen hepsi ehlis\u00fcnnet olup Hanefi Mezhebindendir. \u201c\u015ein-ciang Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u201d ad\u0131yla otonomi verilen, n\u00fcfusu \u00c7inli g\u00f6\u00e7menler hari\u00e7 \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin b\u00fct\u00fcn ink\u00e2rlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 35 milyonu ge\u00e7en ve ba\u015fkenti Urum\u00e7i olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da; Ka\u015fgar, Aksu, Hoten, Sayram, Turfan, Urum\u00e7i (Be\u015fbal\u0131k), Kumul (Hami), Yarkent, Gulca gibi tarih\u00ee T\u00fcrk \u015fehirleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in zulm\u00fc ve esareti alt\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, tarihte ilk T\u00fcrk devleti olarak bilinen Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan itibaren bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk devletinin kuruldu\u011fu sahad\u0131r. G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrk, Uygur, Karahanl\u0131 devletleri bunlar\u0131n en me\u015fhurlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk ilim ve fikir hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in de son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri y\u00f6nden olduk\u00e7a ehemmiyetli olan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131; petrol, volfram (silah sanayisinde kullan\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir maden), alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, platin, k\u00f6m\u00fcr (2.2 trilyon ton. Yak\u0131n zamanda \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131 gelecekte enerjide olu\u015fabilecek bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 an\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)\u00a0 ve uranyum gibi stratejik ham maddeler ve say\u0131s\u0131z yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131na sahip bir \u00fclkedir. \u00c7in genelinde 148 \u00e7e\u015fit madenin 124\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, \u00c7in\u2019in petrol ve do\u011fal gaz alan\u0131ndaki en stratejik b\u00f6lgesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Nitekim \u00c7in\u2019in petrol rezervlerinin %25\u2019ini, do\u011fal gaz rezervlerinin ise % 28\u2019ini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu oranlar Japonya\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan Fuji Sankei Business Gazetesi\u2019nin 07.09.2004 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n petrol rezervleri \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019\u0131n rezervlerinin 10 kat\u0131d\u0131r. 910 bin km\u00b2\u2019lik alanda petrol tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Her y\u0131l 10 milyon ton petrol \u00c7in\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen Petrol \u00c7in\u2019den iki kat daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 (petrol rezervi 74 milyar varil), Karamay B\u00f6lgesi (y\u0131lda 1.286.000 ton petrol \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmakta), Kumul-Turfan B\u00f6lgesi (petrol rezervi 75 milyon ton) Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc (petrol rezervi 50 milyar ton) \u00f6nemli petrol sahalar\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan 17.4 trilyon metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz rezervlerine sahip bulunmakta ve 30 b\u00f6lgeden do\u011fal gaz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Cungarya ve Tar\u0131m havzalar\u0131 do\u011fal gaz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengindir. Hububat, pamuk, ipek, hal\u0131, el zanaatlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ekonomisinin temelini te\u015fkil eder. Maalesef k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet be\u015fi\u011fi, tarihi ana vatan\u0131m\u0131z Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve bu kadar zengin kaynaklara, imkanlara sahip Uygur T\u00fcrkleri; a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015famakta, duyars\u0131z, sa\u011f\u0131r, k\u00f6r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fcrriyetten mahrum edilmekte, insan onuruna yak\u0131\u015fmayan zul\u00fcmlere, i\u015fkencelere maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmakta ve adeta soyk\u0131r\u0131ma t\u00e2bi tutulmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:dogu-turkistan.net<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr Ali Ahmetbeyo\u011flu (5 Temmuz 2009 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 \u015fehitlerin aziz hat\u0131ras\u0131na) Tarihin her d\u00f6neminde co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleri, sahip olduklar\u0131 imkanlar vs. a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan ve hedef haline gelen sahalar olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ilk devirlerden itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin istilalar\u0131na maruz kalan Orta Asya gelmi\u015ftir. Orta Asya; Kuzeyden Kuzey Buz Denizi, do\u011fudan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turk-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1640"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1660,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640\/revisions\/1660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}