{"id":109,"date":"2013-04-24T10:38:53","date_gmt":"2013-04-24T07:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=109"},"modified":"2013-04-25T17:50:07","modified_gmt":"2013-04-25T14:50:07","slug":"yusuf-has-hacib-1017-1077","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=109","title":{"rendered":"Yusuf Has Hacib (1017 – 1077)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Yusuf<\/a><\/p>\n

Yusuf Has Hacib Karahanl\u0131 edip, \u015f\u00e2ir ve devlet adam\u0131. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Balasagun \u015fehrinde, muhtemelen 1017 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Asil bir T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2ileye mensup oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Balasagun\u2019da tahsil ve terbiye g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Karahanl\u0131 hizmetine girip, \u2018Has H\u00e2cib\u2019 unv\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 almadan \u00f6nce Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf, olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf, kendini \u00e7ok iyi yeti\u015ftirdi. Elli ya\u015flar\u0131ndayken on sekiz ay i\u00e7erisinde manzum olarak Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 me\u015fhur eserini yazd\u0131. Bu kitab\u0131, Ka\u015fgar\u2019a gelip, 1070\u2032te Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, edebiyat merakl\u0131s\u0131 Ulu\u011f Kara Bu\u011fra Hana arz etti. Kara Bu\u011fra Han, T\u00fcrklerin ahl\u00e2k hukuk ve devlet id\u00e2resi ile t\u00f6relerini \u00e7ok g\u00fczel olarak dile getiren eseri, Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf\u2019a, saray\u0131nda okuttu. Kutadgu Bilig, Karahanl\u0131 Saray\u0131nda g\u00fcnlerce okunup, \u00e7ok be\u011fenildi. \u2018Ulu\u011f Has H\u00e2cib\u2019 unv\u00e2n\u0131 ile ba\u015fvezir yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile taltif edilerek, en y\u00fcksek Karahanl\u0131 devlet memuriyetlerinden biri verildi. Bu vazifesiyle \u2018Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131p, t\u00e2rih ve edebiyat literat\u00fcr\u00fcne girdi.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n, eseri elimize ge\u00e7en ilk yazar\u0131d\u0131r. Devrinin bilgin bir yazar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk tefekk\u00fcr t\u00e2rihinin m\u00fcmtaz bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eserini, m\u00fcn\u00e2c\u00e2t, n\u00e2t, cih\u00e2r y\u00e2r-\u0131 g\u00fcz\u00een\u2019i \u00f6vme ile s\u00fcslemi\u015ftir. Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in vef\u00e2t\u0131 muhtemelen 1077\u2032dir.<\/p>\n

Karahanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki yeni olu\u015fum di\u011fer alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi kendisini edebiyatta da g\u00f6stere\u00adrek, \u00f6zellikle bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m merkezi haline gelen Do\u011fu Ka\u00adrahanl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Ka\u015fgar\u2018da, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bilinen ilk eserleri -XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda- Hakan\u00ee T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunlardan biri Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf\u2019un Balasagun\u2019da iken yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ka\u015fgar\u2019a gele\u00adrek orada tamamlay\u0131p 1069\/1070\u2032te Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tabga\u00e7 Bu\u011fra Han\u2019a sundu\u011fu Kutadgu Bilig\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu muazzam T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eser, 6645 beyit olup aruzun fe\u2019\u00fbl\u00fcn fe\u2019\u00fbl\u00fcn fe\u2019\u00fbl\u00fcn fe\u2019\u00fbl kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kutadgu Bilig, eski T\u00fcrk ah\u00adl\u00e2k ve devlet telakkisi ile \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee itikad\u0131 birle\u015ftiren nasihatname ve siyasetname mahiyetinde didaktik bir eserdir. Mesnev\u00ee naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle yaz\u0131lan esere Allah\u2018a hamd ile ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, Hz. Peygamber ve D\u00f6rt Halife \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonra bahar tasviri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n medhine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Yedi y\u0131ld\u0131z ve on iki bur\u00e7 de\u011ferlen\u00addirildikten sonra \u201cbilgi, dil ve iyilik\u201d konulan \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015f ve kitab\u0131n ad\u0131 ve manas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin as\u0131l b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc on ikinci b\u00e2bdan itibaren ba\u015flamak\u00adtad\u0131r. D\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan bu k\u0131s\u0131m, d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir m\u00fcnazaraya dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar do\u011fru yasay\u0131 temsil eden \u201cK\u00fcn Togd\u0131\u201c, kut (saadet, ikbal ve devlet)\u2019u temsil eden \u201cAy Told\u0131\u201c, akl\u0131 ve bilgiyi temsil eden vezirin o\u011flu \u201c\u00d6g-d\u00fclmi\u015f\u201d ve kanaat ve ak\u0131beti temsil eden vezirin akrabas\u0131 \u201cOdgurm\u0131\u015f\u201ct\u0131r. Eserde yer yer \u0130sl\u00e2m.\u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk \u015fiir gelene\u011fi tarz\u0131nda nazmedilmi\u015f d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklere de rast\u00adlanmaktad\u0131r. Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in bilinen \u00fc\u00e7 yazma n\u00fcshas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1. Viyana n\u00fcshas\u0131: Uygur harfleriyle 1439\u2032da Herat\u2019ta yaz\u0131lan bu n\u00fcsha TDK taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kutadgu Bilig T\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m l. Viyana N\u00fcshas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1942).<\/p>\n

2. Kahire n\u00fcshas\u0131: \u0130stinsah tarihi bilinmeyen bu n\u00fcsha Kahire\u2019de bulunmu\u015f olup Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TDK (Kutadgu Bilig T\u0131pk\u0131\u00adbas\u0131m III, M\u0131s\u0131r N\u00fcshas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1943) ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Kutadgu Bilig, Yusuf Has Hacib, Ankara 1993) taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. Fergana N\u00fcshas\u0131: 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fergana\u2019da Zeki Velidi Togan taraf\u0131ndan bulunan n\u00fcs\u00adha, Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup ba\u015f\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 yaprak eksiktir. Hacim itiba\u00adriyle Kahire n\u00fcshas\u0131ndan daha hacimli olan bu n\u00fcsha da TDK taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131\u00adbas\u0131m olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kutadgu Bilig T\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m II, Fergana N\u00fcshas\u0131, \u0130stan\u00adbul 1942).<\/p>\n

Eserin bu \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00fcshas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak tenkitli metni (Kutadgu Bilig I, T\u0131pk\u0131\u00e7ekimle Yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 2. bask\u0131, Ankara 1979) ve T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine \u00e7evirisi (Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib Kutadgu Bilig, (\u00c7eviri), Ankara 1988) Re\u015fit Rahmeti Arat taraf\u0131ndan ya\u00ady\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Re\u015fit Rahmeti Arat taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan indeksi ise Kemal Eraslan, Osman F. Sertkaya ve Nuri Y\u00fcce taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kutadgu Bilig III \u0130ndeks, \u0130ndeksi Ne\u015fre hzr. Kemal Eraslan, Osman F. Sertkaya, Nuri Y\u00fcce, \u0130stanbul 1979). Fikri Silahtaro\u011flu, eseri T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine manzum olarak uyarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile Kutadgu Bilig Uyarlamas\u0131, Ankara 1996). A. Dila\u00e7ar, eserin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem ile \u015fairini tan\u0131t\u0131p mesneviyi de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Kutadgu Bilig \u0130n\u00adcelemesi. Ankara 1995). Ahmet B. Ercilasun ise, Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de kullan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Fiiller \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yaparak ne\u015fretmi\u015ftir(Kutadgu Bilig Grameri -Fi\u00adil-, Ankara 1984).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yusuf Has Hacib Karahanl\u0131 edip, \u015f\u00e2ir ve devlet adam\u0131. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Balasagun \u015fehrinde, muhtemelen 1017 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Asil bir T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2ileye mensup oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Balasagun\u2019da tahsil ve terbiye g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Karahanl\u0131 hizmetine girip, \u2018Has H\u00e2cib\u2019 unv\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 almadan \u00f6nce Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf, olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. Balasagunlu Y\u00fbsuf, kendini \u00e7ok iyi yeti\u015ftirdi. Elli ya\u015flar\u0131ndayken on sekiz ay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","category-bilginler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":271,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109\/revisions\/271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}