{"id":1035,"date":"2018-05-22T13:43:21","date_gmt":"2018-05-22T10:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1035"},"modified":"2018-05-22T13:43:21","modified_gmt":"2018-05-22T10:43:21","slug":"tarihten-gunumuze-uygur-turkleri-ve-dogu-turkistanin-bugunku-durumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/?p=1035","title":{"rendered":"Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Uygur T\u00fcrkleri ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Durumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Y\u00fccel TANAY (Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 – Yazar)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrkleri , T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7en,T\u00fcrk Milletinin ilk k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini \u015fekillendiren ve modern anlamda \u00a0Uygur \u2013 T\u00fcrk devletini kuran \u00a0\u00e7ok kadim T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u00a0T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk \u015fehircilik,Mimarl\u0131k,din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temellerini atm\u0131\u015flar \u00a0ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00a0modern tar\u0131m \u00a0yapm\u0131\u015flar ve tarihi iqem yolunun ilk Kervanc\u0131lar\u0131 ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk defa \u015fehir ve kasabalar kurmu\u015f ve \u00a0ilk T\u00fcrk mimari eserlerini \u00a0 in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. \u015eehir hay\u0131t\u0131 ve \u00a0k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flar \u00a0ve \u00a018 harften olu\u015fan ilk T\u00fcrk alfabesi olan Uygur alfabesini icat etmi\u015flerdir. \u00a0 Uygur T\u00fcrklerinde okur yazar oran\u0131 hayli y\u00fcksekti, T\u00fcreyi\u015f ve G\u00f6\u00e7 destanlar\u0131 Uygurlara ait olup, \u00a0\u201cOrta Oyunu\u201d Uygurlardan gelmektedir. G\u00f6k tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131n\u0131 terk edip yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00a0dinine inanan ilk T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fudur , B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan zaman\u0131nda Mani dinine girmi\u015flar ve daha sonra Karahanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda islam dinini kabul ederek T\u00fcrk tarihinin en en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve en muhte\u015fem devrini T\u00fcrk Milletine arma\u011fan etmi\u015flerdir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bir Su M\u00fchendislik Harikas\u0131 Olan Karizler Uygurlar\u0131n Bulu\u015fudur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrkleri, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Turfan b\u00f6lgesinde \u2018Kariz\u2019 \u00a0ad\u0131 verilen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgi ile kar\u015f\u0131lanan bir su m\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131 olan \u00a0yer alt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. \u00a0\u2018Turfan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131!\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00a0bu yer alt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131 Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin d\u00fcnya medeniyetine \u00a0\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck hediyesidir . Uygur-Turfan Kar\u0131z Su Kanallar\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistanda Turfan b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yeralt\u0131 su \u015febekesi sistemidir. D\u00fcnya uygarl\u0131k tarihinin en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Uygurlar,bug\u00fcn \u00a0ekstansif yan\u0131 Modern teknikler kullan\u0131larak \u00a0 tar\u0131m \u00a0yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akupunkt\u00fcr Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemi \u00a0Uygurlar\u0131n Bulu\u015fudur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar, bilimsel anlamda t\u0131pta bir\u00e7ok yenili\u011fe imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Akapunturu tarihte ilk olarak ke\u015ffeden ve uygulayan UYGUR T\u00dcRKLER\u0130\u2019dir. \u00c7inliler ise daha sonra \u00a0bu t\u0131bb\u0131 tedavii y\u00f6ntemini Uygurlardan \u00f6\u011frenerek geli\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00a0modern tedavi y\u00f6ntemi haline getirmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0 Akupunktur, \u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin 300 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan\u2019da Duo Lun Qi harabelerinde, 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ak\u00fcpunkt\u00fcr \u00a0i\u011fnesi \u00a0bulunmu\u015ftur. Arkeologlar ve t\u0131p tarihi uzmanlar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 4 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncelerine ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, ye\u015fim ta\u015f\u0131ndan yontulmu\u015f ve u\u00e7lar\u0131 sivriltilmi\u015f \u00a0bu ta\u015f i\u011fnenin ilk akupunktur i\u011fnesi\u201dBianshi\u201d oldu\u011fu konusunda hemfikirdirler.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan incelemelerde bu ta\u015f i\u011fne \u00fczerinde bulunan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n, eski Uygur T\u00fcrklerine ait oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Turfan \u015eehrinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Eski Uygur ba\u015fkenti olan \u0130dikut\u2019da, Uygur harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, v\u00fccuttaki akupunktur noktalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren resimlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131tlar bulunmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca M.S. 50. y\u0131la ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 2 bronz heykel de bu konudaki \u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00a0desteklemektedir. Bu 2 bronz heykelin, \u00c7inlilerden daha \u00e7ok Uygur T\u00fcrklerine benzemesi ve o d\u00f6nemde bronz\u2019a \u015fekil verilebilen tek medeniyetin sahibinin \u00a0Uygur T\u00fcrkleri olmas\u0131, akupunkturun ilk olarak Uygur T\u00fcrklerince uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u011fitiminin verildi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Geleneksel ve tarihsel Uygur T\u0131bb\u0131(Ananevi Uygur T\u0131bb\u0131) Uygur Tababetinde D\u00f6rt Etken, D\u00f6rt Durum, D\u00f6rt Mizac ve D\u00f6rt S\u0131v\u0131 (Kan, Balgam, Safra ve Sevda) nazariyesi vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu D\u00f6rt Tadu (Madde) \u2018dan ibaret olan ilkel maddecilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi temelinde olu\u015fturularak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhisi ve tedavisi i\u00e7in dayanak sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Uygur Tababeti, bat\u0131 t\u0131bb\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir felsefe sayesinde Vitiligo (Samyeli) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tedavisi zor bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck yeniliklere damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurarak t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131kkatini \u00e7ekmektedir. Kursi \u0130msak, Kursi \u0130par gibi etkili ila\u00e7lar\u0131 1997\u2019den itibaren Amerika, Japonya ve Singapur piyasas\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygur tababetine ait 202 \u00e7e\u015fit ila\u00e7 \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti Devlet Farmakopisince (\u0130la\u00e7 Rehberi) resmen onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n M\u00fczikle Tedvi Y\u00f6ntemi Bir Uygur \u00a0Bulu\u015fudur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde m\u00fczikle terapi y\u00f6nteminide kullanm\u0131\u015flar. 3 bin \u00a0y\u0131l \u00f6nce G\u00f6k tanr\u0131 dinine mensup oldu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011flarda Kam, Pirhon ve Bah\u015f\u0131lar \u00a0 kapal\u0131 bir mekanda \u00a0yak\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ate\u015f k\u00fcmesinin etraf\u0131nda \u00a0hastalar\u0131 di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile ate\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek \u00a0ilahiler ve \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylemek ve dans etmek sureti ile hasta tedavi seanslar\u0131 ve merasimleri icra ederlerdi.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar islamiyeti kabul ettikten sonra Bak\u015filar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00a0hastalar\u0131 ate\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek \u00a0y\u00fcksek sesle Kur\u2019an kiremden ayetler k\u0131raat ederek, Naat \u00a0\u015eerifler,Mevl\u00fctler ve kasidele okuyarak ve Ahmet Yesevi Hazretlerinden Hikmetler okuyarak \u00a0tedavi etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00a0Bu tedavi y\u00f6ntemine ise,\u201dPir Oynatmak\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar , M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonra \u0130mam Buhari, \u0130mam Tirmizi, \u0130bn-i Sina, Ebunasril Farabi, Fergani, Zimah\u015feri, Sekkaki gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk \u0130slam alim ve bilginlerinin eserleri ile \u0130slam \u00a0D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini zenginle\u015ftiren, d\u00fcnya bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0ufkunu \u00a0ve zihnini a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve onlara do\u011fru ve bilim yolunu g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrklerinde Din<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar,eski T\u00fcrk dini G\u00f6ktangr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k,Manizm,Budizm,Nesturi Hristiyanl\u0131k ve en son \u0130slam dinini kabul etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan zaman\u0131nda girdikleri Manihaizm dini iyi ata binen, iyi ok atan Uygur T\u00fcrklerini yozla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n milli ve manevi de\u011ferlerini \u00e7\u00f6kertmekten ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mani Dini: Avlanmay\u0131, et yemeyi ve sava\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklayan bir dindi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Mani dini \u015fehirli ve \u00a0bir t\u00fcccar dini idi. Bu y\u00fczden Uygurlar\u0131 yerle\u015fik hayata al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini kaybettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar aras\u0131nda Mani rahiplerine \u00abMO\u00c7AK\u00bb ismi verilmi\u015ftir. Mani dininin baz\u0131 rahipleri bazen birka\u00e7 sene hi\u00e7 yerlerinden hareket etmezlerdi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise bu dini yaymak i\u00e7in durmadan geziyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n Mani dini terimlerini Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine \u00e7evirmeleri onlarda y\u00fcksek bir ulus bilincinin oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Manizm sonras\u0131 girilen Budizm(Burkanc\u0131l\u0131k)le Uygur Ka\u011fanlar\u0131 Buda\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6hne akideleri ile Uygur T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na yeni bir nefes vermek istiyorlard\u0131. Bu Uygurlar i\u00e7in inan\u00e7 anar\u015fisine giden yolu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve beklenen dini huzur ve bar\u0131\u015f bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc temin edememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin Nasturi Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa girmesi B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistanda Nasturi olduklar\u0131 bilinen ilk g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrk kabileleri Kereitler ve \u00d6ng\u00fctlerdir. Uygurlar aras\u0131nda Nasturili\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu T\u00fcrk kabilelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi \u00a0olmu\u015ftur. \u00a0Hatta Kereitler, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mo\u011fol han\u0131n\u0131n Saray\u0131na ve ailesine \u00a0kadar yaymay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mangu, Kubilay ve H\u00fcleg\u00fc hanlar\u0131n annesi Kereit prensesi olup ayn\u0131 zamanda gayretli bir Nasturi Hristiyan idi .<\/p>\n

Din konusunda olduk\u00e7a ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc olan Uygurlar\u0131n , Budizm ve Maniheizmin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Nesturi Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hatta bug\u00fcn Diyarbak\u0131r Keldanileri piskopos k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde Garatu-Uriyang (Hristiyan Uygurlar) padi\u015fah\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z karde\u015fi Orangul Sultan i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f S\u00fcryanice el yazmas\u0131 \u0130ncil sayfalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda eski Uygurlar aras\u0131nda Nastur\u00ee Hristiyanl\u0131k m\u00fcritlerinin oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u00a0Tang s\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminde (635\u2019te) Nasturi rahibi Alopen, \u0130ran \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019in eski ba\u015fkenti Chang\u2019an \u015fehrine gelmi\u015f , Nasturilik Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan topraklar\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda ise, Nasturilik Ko\u00e7o (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Turfan) \u00a0b\u00f6lgesinde de etkili olmu\u015f ve Y\u00fcen s\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminde geni\u015fleyerek Ka\u015fgar, Yarkent, Kumul, Turfan, Urum\u00e7i, Hoten, Ku\u00e7a ve Barik\u00f6l gibi b\u00f6lgelerine kadar de \u00a0yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nasturilik, Uygurlar aras\u0131nda uzun bir s\u00fcre etkili olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ipek Yolu\u2019yla merkezi Asya\u2019ya seyahat eden Marco Polo, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen her yerde Ka\u015fgar ve Yarkent\u2019te Nasturilere rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nasturilik ,Uygur resim sanat\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda etkilemi\u015ftir. Nasturili\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte, bat\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0resim sanat\u0131 Uygurlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bat\u0131n\u0131n resim sanat\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n \u0130slam Dinini Kabul Etmeleri \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n, \u0130slamla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 840\u2019l i y\u0131llarda ba\u015flar.932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde. Karahanl\u0131lar devletinin \u00a0pernslerinden ve Karahanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n\u0131n Ovey o\u011flu \u00a0Satuk Bu\u011fra .Bir gece r\u00fcyas\u0131nda peygamberimizi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ; Peygamber Efendimiz kendisini \u0130slama davet eder.Sabah uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olur.Abd\u00fclkerim ismini alan Satuk Bu\u011fra . Ka\u015fgar\u2019da bulunan 300 Budist tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Camiye \u00e7evirir.Daha sonra Tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesindeki Uygur \u015fehirlerine seferler d\u00fczenler \u00a0ve \u00a0bu b\u00f6lgeler\u0131n de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki\u2019 T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130slam dinini kabul ederek \u201c\u0130slam Medeniyeti\u201d i\u00e7erisinde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bununla beraber Uygur Medeniyeti \u0130slam Medeniyeti ile birle\u015ferek \u201cUygur \u0130slam Medeniyeti\u201d ad\u0131 verilen tarihi geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Ka\u015fgar \u015fehri Karahanl\u0131 s\u00fclalesinin dini,siyasi \u00a0ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir merkezi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Satuk Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u00a0932 -1216 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131n devri olarak bilinir. Medreseleri ve \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 ile \u00fcnlenen T\u00fcrkistan, bu d\u00f6nem boyunca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen \u00f6\u011frencileri misafir etmi\u015f, tarihe y\u00f6n veren devlet ve bilim adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrkleri \u00a0E\u011fitim ve Bilim\u2019de de \u00d6nc\u00fc Rol \u00a0Oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde \u201c\u0130kinci Buhara\u201d olarak an\u0131lan tarihi \u015fehir Ka\u015fgar\u2019daki \u201cHanl\u0131k Medresesi\u201d Saciye Medereseleri, \u00a0\u201cEydgah Medresesi\u201d, \u201cOda Ald\u0131 Medresesi\u201d, \u201cBeglik Medresesi\u201d, \u201c\u00c7arsu Medresesi\u201d ve \u201cMeyve Pazar\u0131 Medresesi\u201d gibi y\u00fcksek bilim ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 \u00a0bu devirde kurulmu\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczee kadar gelen \u00a0bilim yuvalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlardan Ka\u015fgar\u2019daki y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim konumunda olan \u201cSa\u00e7iye Medresesi\u201d, \u201dHamidiye Medresesi\u201d, \u201cMahmudiye Medresesi\u201d gibi medreseler, yal\u0131\u0131\u0131z Uygur T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam aleminin de \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve e\u011fitim merkezlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir<\/p>\n

Uygurlarda Dil,Edebiyat \u00a0ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dil anlam\u0131nda Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Altay dil grubunun \u201cHakaniye\u201d \u00a0koluna mensuptur.\u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi Uygur edebiyati Mani dini ve Budizmin etkisindedir.<\/p>\n

Manizm d\u00f6nemi Uygur edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli eserleri Huastuanift: Maniheizm\u2019in \u00f6\u011fretileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir t\u00f6vbe ve dua kitab\u0131yla Irk Bitig: adl\u0131 930 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfleriyle kaleme yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan(Fal Kitab\u0131), Manizm etkisinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir metindir. \u0130\u00e7inde dine ait unsurlar bulunmakla beraber din\u00ee bir eser de\u011fildir; bir fal kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Budizm d\u00f6nemi(Burkanc\u0131l\u0131k) d\u00f6nemi yaz\u0131lan Kalyanamkara Papamkara, Altun Yaruk ve Sekiz Y\u00fckmek adl\u0131 eserler, Budizm\u2019i anlatan din\u00ee metinlerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130slamiyet d\u00f6nemi Uygur edebiyat\u0131 Eski T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en de\u011ferli eserleri olan Divan\u00fb L\u00fbgat-it T\u00fcrk, Kutadgu-Bilig, Atabet-\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k\u2026 gibi alt\u0131n kitaplar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin bu leh\u00e7esi ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. . T\u00fcrk tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli \u015fairlerden Al\u00ee \u015e\u00eer Nev\u00e2y\u00ee\u2019nin \u00c7ahardivan\u2019\u0131, Hemse\u2019si, Ka\u015fg\u00e2rl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019un \u201cDivan-i L\u00fcgatit T\u00fcrk\u201d\u00fc, Yusuf Has Hacip\u2019in Kutatgu Bilig adl\u0131 eserleri bu dille yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mam-\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019l-F\u00fctuh Abd\u00fclgafur\u2019un Tarih-i Ka\u015fgar(Ka\u015fgar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin tarihte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 parlak medeniyetler ve d\u00fcnya medeniyet hazinesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131n hepsi Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Uygur \u00a0T\u00fcrklerinde Yaz\u0131 ve Alfabe\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrklerin yaz\u0131da kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ikinci mill\u00ee alfabe Uygur alfabesidir.<\/p>\n

Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131, sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Alfabede 18 harf vard\u0131r ve harfler genellikle birbirleriyle biti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6teki T\u00fcrk kavimleri aras\u0131nda da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. X. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yerini Arap alfabesine b\u0131rakmakla birlikte hemen \u00f6nemini kaybetmedi.<\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol hakimiyetinin kurulmas\u0131yla (XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l) yeniden canlanm\u0131\u015f, uzun s\u00fcre Mo\u011follar\u0131n resm\u00ee yaz\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin Bulu\u015fu ; Matbaa\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t ve bask\u0131 tekni\u011fi Uygurlarca bilinmekte idi. Bask\u0131 tekni\u011fini (matbaa) ilk kullananlar\u0131n \u00c7inliler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yan\u0131nda, bir k\u0131s\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da matbaan\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce Uygurlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler.Uygurlar hareketli harfleri icat edip.tahta harfli matbaay\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/p>\n

Matbaan\u0131n, bat\u0131ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda Uygurlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. ( Avrupa, Mo\u011follar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Uygur bask\u0131 tekni\u011finden haberdar olmu\u015ftur.) Gutenberg matbaan\u0131n mucidi de\u011fil sadece geli\u015ftiricisidir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar, Avrupa\u2019dan y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131. Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131, \u00f6nce Araplar, VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ele ge\u00e7irdikleri esirlerden \u00f6\u011frendiler ve Semerkant\u2019 ta bir ka\u011f\u0131t imalathanesi kurdular. Ka\u011f\u0131t, XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Arap fetihleriyle \u0130spanya\u2019ya, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam \u00a0\u00f6ncesi Uygur \u00a0T\u00fcrkleri Tarihine Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Jean Paul Rouxa g\u00f6re Uygurlar\u0131n soylar\u0131, Hiong-Nular\u2019\u0131n [Hunlar] ard\u0131llar\u0131 olan Kao-Kiu Ting-Lingler\u2019e (ya da T\u00f6-Lolar, Tie-Lolar) kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bilinen ilk Uygur Devleti, 744\u2019te Kutluk K\u00fcl Bilge Ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. 840 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar (yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131l) h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Uygur Devleti\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131; kuzeyde Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kuzeyinden g\u00fcneyde Tibet ve \u00c7in Seddi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyine, bat\u0131da Seyhun (Siri Derya) Nehri\u2019nden do\u011fuda Man\u00e7urya\u2019ya kadar uzanmaktayd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 forsu \u00fczerinde bulunan ve tarihte kurulmu\u015f on alt\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletini temsil eden onalt\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zdan birisi de Uygur Devleti\u2019ne aittir. Bu ilk Uygur Devleti, 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcnyesinden \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 Uygur k\u00f6kenli devlet \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u0130dikut (Turfan) Uygur Devleti (840 \u2013 1275), Kensu Uygur Devleti<\/p>\n

\u0130slamiyet D\u00f6nemi Uygur Tarihi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar, Karluk T\u00fcrkleriyle birle\u015ferek (870 \u2013 1213) \u2019de Karahanl\u0131 Devletini kurdular. Bu devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Yedisu, Seyhun Fergana b\u00f6lgeleriyle, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Cungarya, Yarkent, Taklamakan \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc, Talas, \u00c7u, Ka\u015fgar b\u00f6lgelerini kaps\u0131yordu. Daha sonra do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 diye ikiye ayr\u0131lan Karahanl\u0131lar devletinin bat\u0131 kolu 1133\u2019te, Do\u011fu kolu da 1221\u2019de Karah\u0131taylar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar, Mo\u011follar, Kartuklar ve T\u00fcrke\u015fler birle\u015ferek 1209\u2019da Karah\u0131tay\u2019lar\u0131n hakimiyetine son verdiler. Bu defa ismen Cengiz Han\u2019a tabi, fakat hakikatte m\u00fcstakil olmak \u00fczere Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgesinde Uygurlar, g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde Do\u011flatlar ismiyle, birer devlet kuruldu. 1514 senesinde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da hakimiyet Do\u011flatlar\u2019a mensup Saidiye\u2019lere intikal etti. Merkezi Yarkent olanKa\u015fgar ve Hoten b\u00f6lgesinde Saidiye devletini, 1679\u2019dan itibaren merkezi Ka\u015fgar olan \u00a0Orta do\u011fu orjinli Hocalar\u0131n Mezhep a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00a0 saltanat\u0131 takip etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yitirmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanacak olan olaylar zinciri, bu devletin kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Seidiye Devleti, kurulmas\u0131ndan itibaren Hocalar\u2019\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1674\u2019e gelindi- \u011finde ise Aktagl\u0131k ve Karatagl\u0131k Hocalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri doru\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Aktagl\u0131k Appak Hoca\u2019n\u0131n V. Dalay Lama ve Kalmuklar ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ittifak sonucunda Seidiye Devleti y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Seidiye Devleti\u2019nin Kalmuklar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, 1759\u2019daki Man\u00e7u-\u00c7in istilas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrecek olan Hocalar D\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur. Bu d\u00f6nemin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze y\u00f6nelik en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi, Aktagl\u0131k ve Karatagl\u0131k Hocalar aras\u0131ndaki zaman zaman birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00c7in ve\/veya Kalmuklarla ittifak yapacak kadar ileriye giden iktidar \u00e7eki\u015fmesinin, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 zay\u0131flatmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkeyi \u00c7in\u2019in istilas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirmesidir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da Kurdu\u011fu \u00a0devlet : Eretna Beyli\u011fi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu \u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu \u00a0Devletinin zay\u0131flayarak da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devletinde bir \u00dcst r\u00fctbeli komutan olan \u00a0Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00fc,Alaattin Eretna Bey Kayseri Merkezli olarak Orta Anadolu\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 en geni\u015f olan \u00a0Eratna Beyli\u011fini kurmu\u015ftur. Alattin Eretna Bey halen Kayseri\u2019deki t\u00fcrbesinde (K\u00f6\u015fk Medresesi i\u00e7inde bulunmakatad\u0131r.) \u00a0ebedi uykusunu uyumaktad\u0131r. Uygurlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler devrinde \u00a0Orhon b\u00f6lgesinin yukar\u0131 Selenge \u00a0 \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 dolaylar\u0131nda \u00a0ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00a0Uygur T\u00fcrkleri On boydan meydana gelmi\u015f olup, onun i\u00e7in On Uygur \u015feklinde de an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Uygurlar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki idareciler, elteber (\u0130ltebir) \u00a0unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131 .<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu \u00a0T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a Y\u00f6nelik \u00a0\u0130lk Man\u00e7ur-\u00c7in \u0130stilas\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan dahili karga\u015fal\u0131klardan faydalanan Man\u00e7u s\u00fclalesi idaresindeki \u00c7inliler 1757-1759 aras\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgesini 1760\u2019da da g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesini fiilen zapt ve i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n

1750\u2019de \u00c7in i\u015fgali ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 1862 tarihine kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da 42 isyan hareketi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devletine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Ka\u015fgariya \u0130slam Devleti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1863\u2019te Mehmed Yakup Bey, Ka\u015fgar merkez olmak \u00fczere devlet kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu devlet Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019den istedikleri yard\u0131m\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mehmed Yakup Bey, en b\u00fcy\u00fck deste\u011fi ise II. Abdulhamid taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Deste\u011fe ra\u011fmen kurulan devlet uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yakup Bey\u2019in 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etmesi \u00fczerine \u00c7in hemen Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18 May\u0131s 1878\u2019de Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. 18 Kas\u0131m 1884\u2019te \u00c7in imparatorunun emriyle 19. eyalet olarak \u015ein-cang (Xin Jian \u201cYeni Toprak\u201d) ad\u0131yla do\u011frudan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti (1933-1937)<\/strong><\/p>\n

1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kumul kentinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi neticesinde b\u00f6lgedeki \u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 12 Kas\u0131m 1933\u2019te Ka\u015fgar\u2019da Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftur.Hoca Hac\u0131 Niyaz cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Rus-\u00c7in rekabetinden dolay\u0131 isyana destek veren Rusya daha sonra kendi egemenli\u011findeki T\u00fcrklere (Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan) k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek olaca\u011f\u0131 korkusuyla isyan sonras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e destek vererek kurulan devletin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Cumhuriyeti (1944-1949)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fccadele devam etmi\u015f, 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gulca\u2019da \u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 yine galip gelinmi\u015ftir. Ayaklanmaya destekleyen Rusya, Gulca\u2019da 1944 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda \u015eark\u00ee T\u00fcrkistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Gulca, Tarbagatay ve \u0130li \u015fehirlerini i\u00e7ine alan bu cumhuriyet b\u00f6lgedeki \u00c7in kuvvetlerini yenmi\u015ftir. Ancak Rusya bu h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmelerden korkup bu Cumhuriyetin y\u00f6neticilerini \u00c7inliler ile anla\u015fmaya zorlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki h\u00fck\u00fcmet aras\u0131nda 11 maddelik bir metin imzalan\u0131p birle\u015fik h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece bu devlet de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n olumsuz tutumu neticesinde ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Mao \u00d6nderli\u011findeki \u00c7KP.Ordusu Taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u015fgal Ediliyor\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu arada Mao \u00c7in\u2019e h\u00e2kim olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1949 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki \u00c7in birliklerinin kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmelerine \u00fczerine \u00c7in hi\u00e7bir askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmadan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaparak b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ink\u00e2r etmektir. \u2018B\u00f6l ve y\u00f6net!\u2019 takti\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan halk\u0131 13 millete ay\u0131rarak bunlar i\u00e7in 10 ayr\u0131 muhtar b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturan \u00c7in; Uygur, Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, Tatar ve \u00d6zbekleri ayr\u0131 milletler olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgeye \u2018Sincan-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019 denmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan kendi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in anakaras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na engel olamamaktad\u0131r. Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi Kom\u00fcnist Parti komitesinin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 daimi komitesinin 15 \u00fcyesinden sadece 3\u2019\u00fc Uygurken bu \u00fcyelerin idar\u00ee yetkileri yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 Uygurlar 60 den fazla ayaklanma \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r,Ka\u015fgar,Turfan.Bar\u0131n Gulca Urum\u00e7i ayaklanmalar\u0131 \u00c7in emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ayaklanmalard\u0131r. Hem listeyi uzatmak hem de ayaklanmalar\u0131n tarihini daha geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u00a0Ve Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin \u00a0Durumu\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n,bug\u00fcn n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in katliam ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 35 milyonu ge\u00e7mektedir,b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu %99\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r,yaln\u0131zca \u00c7inin Kansu b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan\u2019\u2019 Sar\u0131 Uygurlar\u2019\u2019 Budisttir, say\u0131lar\u0131 20 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor.Ulusal ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018\u2019Doppad\u0131r\u2019\u2019 Geleneksel yemeklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda tand\u0131r ekme\u011fi \u201cNan\u201dgelir. Uygur erkeklerinin bay\u0131la bay\u0131la yedi\u011fi Legmen de bu hamur i\u015flerindendir. Anavatanlar\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan(Uygur \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesi) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistanda,Kazakistan,K\u0131rg\u0131zistan,\u00d6zbekistanda\u2026\u00f6nemli say\u0131da Uygur k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrk vard\u0131r.Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye,Suudi Arabistan,Pakistan,Afganistan,Avrupa \u00fclkeleri,Avustralya,Kanada ABD\u2019de Uygur nuf\u00fcsu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrk tarihine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin \u0130lk tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla, \u00c7in esaretine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerini k\u0131saca anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Tabii ki Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze tarihleri hakk\u0131nda sayfalarca kitap yaz\u0131l\u0131r.Bu konu bir kitaba s\u0131\u011fmaz.Bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideali Uygur T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcme seve seve gidecekleri kutsal bir davad\u0131r.Bunu eniyi T\u00fcrkleri tan\u0131yan \u00c7inliler bilir. Bu T\u00fcrklerin s\u00f6nmeyen ate\u015fidir.Bu Ate\u015f Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oluncaya kadar s\u00f6nmeyecektir.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Mehmet At\u0131f, Ka\u015fgar Tarihi, 1911, s.11<\/p>\n

2. BAO. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Evrak\u0131, K\u0131s\u0131m 33,Evrak No :1638<\/p>\n

3. H\u0131z\u0131rbek Gayretullah, Altaylarda Kanl\u0131 G\u00fcnler, \u0130st.,1996 4. China Year Book 1935. s.106<\/p>\n

5. Mao Ze Dung, Se\u00e7me Eserler, C.5 \u201dTibet deki Orduya Talimatlar.\u201d 6. Mirza Hay\u0131t, T\u00fcrkistan Devletlerinin Milli M\u00fccadele Tarihi<\/p>\n

7. T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, c.8,\u0130st, 1993, s.327 8. Meydan Larouse Ansiklopedisi C.21,s.212<\/p>\n

9 .Hee-Soo Lee, \u0130sl\u00e2m ve T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzak Do\u011fuya Y ay\u0131lmas\u0131, T.D.V Yay.~ara1991 s.190-194<\/p>\n

10. T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131, C.l,T.K.A.E Yay, Ankara, 1992, s.61<\/p>\n

11. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Dergisi, Say\u0131 15, May\u0131s-Haziran 1997, s.1026<\/p>\n

12. Lester R.Brown, Haal Kane, (\u00c7ev. Nilg\u00fcn Kara\u015fa\u011f\u0131), Yann\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, s.36 13. Lester R.Brown, Haal Kane, a.g:e. ,s.29<\/p>\n

14. Lester R.Brown, Haal Kane, a.g.e. ,s.27-28<\/p>\n

15. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Dergisi, Say\u0131 15, May\u0131s-Haziran 1997, s.143<\/p>\n

16)Uygur tababetinin k\u0131sca Tarihi Materyaller Toplam\u0131: \u00c7in B\u00fcy\u00fck Ansiklopedisi \u201cUygurlar B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201chaz\u0131rlama Kurumunun makalesi (29 Eyl\u00fcl,Pekin Sa\u011fl\u0131k Gazetesi)<\/p>\n

17) \u201c\u015eincang Uygur Tababetinin K\u0131saca Tarihi\u201d \u2013 Wang Jende, Urum\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131 I.k\u0131s\u0131m (\u00c7inceden Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine \u00e7eviren Veli Kurban).<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Ursad.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Y\u00fccel TANAY (Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 – Yazar) Uygur T\u00fcrkleri , T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7en,T\u00fcrk Milletinin ilk k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini \u015fekillendiren ve modern anlamda \u00a0Uygur \u2013 T\u00fcrk devletini kuran \u00a0\u00e7ok kadim T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u00a0T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk \u015fehircilik,Mimarl\u0131k,din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temellerini atm\u0131\u015flar \u00a0ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00a0modern tar\u0131m \u00a0yapm\u0131\u015flar ve tarihi iqem yolunun ilk Kervanc\u0131lar\u0131 ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 olarak tarihe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1035"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1059,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035\/revisions\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.uyghuracademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}